Z{0.5ⁿ} = z/(z − 0.5),收敛域 |z| > 0.5,X(2) = 4/3 几何对:Σ (0.5/z)ⁿ 求和为 z/(z − 0.5),仅在极点所在的圆 |z| = 0.5 之外收敛。在 z = 2 处取值为 2/1.5 = 1.3333。Z-transform (table lookup)
x[n] = 0.5^n
X(z) = z/(z - 0.5)
Region of convergence: |z| > |a| (here |z| > 0.5)
Derivation: Geometric series with ratio a/z: Σ (a/z)^n = z/(z - a) — the workhorse pair of discrete analysis.
Evaluation: X(2) = 1.3333
Z{0.8ⁿ·cos(0.5n)}——衰减余弦,极点位于 0.8·e^(±j0.5) 指数加权会缩放极点:a = 0.8、ω₀ = 0.5 时变换为 z(z − 0.7021)/(z² − 1.4041z + 0.64),收敛域 |z| > 0.8。在 z = 2 处取值为 1.4172。Z-transform (table lookup)
x[n] = 0.8^n · cos(0.5n)
X(z) = z(z - 0.702066)/(z^2 - 1.40413 z + 0.64)
Region of convergence: |z| > |a| (here |z| > 0.8)
Derivation: Exponential weighting a^n rescales the poles: replace z by z/a in the cos pair.
Evaluation: X(2) = 1.4172