y'' − 3y' + 2y = 0,y(0) = 1,y'(0) = 0 → y = −e^(2x) + 2e^x 特征方程 r² − 3r + 2 = 0 的判别式 Δ = 1 > 0,两相异实根 r₁ = 2、r₂ = 1,齐次解 yh = C1·e^(2x) + C2·e^x。由初始条件解得 C1 = −1、C2 = 2。Equation: y'' - 3 y' + 2 y = 0
Characteristic equation: r^2 - 3 r + 2 = 0
Discriminant: Δ = 1 > 0 → two distinct real roots
Roots: r1 = 2, r2 = 1
Homogeneous solution: yh = C1 e^(2x) + C2 e^x
General solution: y = C1 e^(2x) + C2 e^x
Initial conditions y(0) = 1, y'(0) = 0:
C1 = -1, C2 = 2
Solution: y = -e^(2x) + 2 e^x
共振:y'' + y = sin(x) → yp = −0.5·x·cos(x) a = 1、b = 0、c = 1 时特征根为 ±i(复根情形)。激励频率 k = 1 恰与虚根重合,试探解需乘 x:待定系数法给出 yp = −x·cos(x)/2,即经典的共振特解。Equation: y'' + y = sin(x)
Characteristic equation: r^2 + 1 = 0
Discriminant: Δ = -4 < 0 → complex conjugate roots
Roots: r = ±i (α = 0, β = 1)
Homogeneous solution: yh = C1 cos(x) + C2 sin(x)
Particular solution (undetermined coefficients, resonance ×x): yp = -0.5 x cos(x)
General solution: y = C1 cos(x) + C2 sin(x) - 0.5 x cos(x)