腹泻:U_Na=25,U_K=35,U_Cl=120 → UAG = −60(负值,肾外/GI 丢失) UAG = (25+35) − 120 = −60 mmol/L。负值→NH₄⁺ 排泄增多,肾脏反应正常→肾外(消化道)HCO₃⁻ 丢失,如腹泻。{"result":"UAG = −60 mmol/L (Negative — extrarenal (GI) bicarbonate loss). UAG = (U_Na + U_K) − U_Cl.","metadata":{"input":{"urineSodium":25,"urinePotassium":35,"urineChloride":120},"result":{"uag":-60,"unit":"mmol/L","category":"Negative — extrarenal (GI) bicarbonate loss","interpretation":"UAG < 0 indicates appropriate renal NH₄⁺ excretion in response to an extrinsic acid load → think extrarenal HCO₃⁻ loss: diarrhea, enterocutaneous/pancreatic fistulae, ureteral diversions, or chloride-rich ion-exchange resins. Renal tubular acidosis is effectively excluded as the dominant cause.","method":"UAG = (U_Na + U_K) − U_Cl","model":"Batlle CJASN 2012; Ito 2025; Bonner AJKD 2025. Not medical advice."}}}
远端 RTA:U_Na=30,U_K=20,U_Cl=40 → UAG = +10(正值,肾性) UAG = (30+20) − 40 = +10 mmol/L。正值→NH₄⁺ 排泄不足→肾排酸障碍,提示肾小管酸中毒(如远端/Ⅰ型)。{"result":"UAG = 10 mmol/L (Positive / high — renal tubular acidosis (impaired NH₄⁺ excretion)). UAG = (U_Na + U_K) − U_Cl.","metadata":{"input":{"urineSodium":30,"urinePotassium":20,"urineChloride":40},"result":{"uag":10,"unit":"mmol/L","category":"Positive / high — renal tubular acidosis (impaired NH₄⁺ excretion)","interpretation":"UAG > 0 indicates low/inadequate NH₄⁺ excretion → impaired renal acid excretion, i.e. renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Distal/type 1 RTA: classic high UAG despite acidosis (often hypokalemia). Type 4 RTA: hypoaldosteronism, mild acidosis, hyperkalemia. Proximal/type 2: UAG may be variable (bicarbonaturia can carry NH₄⁺ out). If unmeasured urine anions are possible (ketoacidosis, toluene/hippurate, D-lactate), UAG is unreliable and the urine osmolar gap is preferred.","method":"UAG = (U_Na + U_K) − U_Cl","model":"Batlle CJASN 2012; Ito 2025; Bonner AJKD 2025. Not medical advice."}}}