50 nM 蛋白下 f = 0.5 → Kd = 50 nM,ΔG° = −9.96 kcal/mol EMSA 或各向异性在 50 nM 蛋白处显示一半标记 DNA 已结合。由于 f = 0.5,Kd = [P] = 50 nM——一个紧密的序列特异性相互作用。25 °C 下 ΔG° = RT·ln(5×10⁻⁸ M) ≈ −9.96 kcal/mol,稳居优质转录因子靶位点的区间。{"result":"Kd ≈ 50 nM (fraction bound 0.5 at 50 nM protein); ΔG° = −9.96 kcal/mol at 25 °C.","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"fraction","proteinConcNm":50,"fractionBound":0.5,"temperatureC":25},"result":{"kdNm":50,"fractionBound":0.5,"deltaGKcalMol":-9.96}}}
各向异性 0.18(界于 0.12/0.25 之间)→ f = 0.46,Kd = 23.33 nM 荧光素标记的寡核苷酸单独测得 r_free = 0.12,蛋白饱和后 r_bound = 0.25。20 nM 蛋白样品读得 r = 0.18,故 f = (0.18−0.12)÷(0.25−0.12) = 0.46,Kd = 20 × 0.54÷0.46 = 23.33 nM(25 °C 时 ΔG° = −10.41 kcal/mol)。本例演示各向异性模式的换算,并提示 r_free 与 r_bound 必须在同一缓冲液中测定。{"result":"Kd ≈ 23.33 nM (fraction bound 0.46 from anisotropy 0.18); ΔG° = −10.41 kcal/mol.","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"anisotropy","proteinConcNm":20,"anisotropy":0.18,"anisotropyFree":0.12,"anisotropyBound":0.25},"result":{"kdNm":23.33,"fractionBound":0.46,"deltaGKcalMol":-10.41}}}