Education
Beer–Lambert RNA quantitation: c = A260 × dilution factor × 40 / path length, plus ng/µL, total yield, a 0.1–1.5 linear-range check, and the RNA OD260/280 ≈ 2.0 purity reminder. Derived from Marmur & Doty, Sambrook & Russell, Manchester 1995, Thermo Fisher NanoDrop notes. Educational use only.
rna-concentration-a260Education
Expected heterozygosity loss through a population bottleneck: H_final = H₀(1−1/2Nb)^t(1−1/2Nr)^g, retention, inbreeding F, harmonic-mean Ne, and one-generation allele survival. Derived from Wright 1931, Nei et al. 1975, Hartl & Clark 2007, StatPearls. Educational use only.
bottleneck-effect-simulatorData Processing
Paste a JSON payload from any sports API (ESPN, TheSportsDB, balldontlie, football-data.org, api-sports.io) and get it rendered as a clean scoreboard with winners highlighted and game statuses.
sports-data-json-visualizerSports
Paste multiple teams' season stats as CSV and get a side-by-side comparison table with per-column best/worst highlighting, normalized 0–100 scores, composite ranking, and SVG bar visualizations.
team-performance-comparisonEducation
Compute Punnett square and affected/carrier probabilities for X-linked recessive and dominant traits. Carrier mother × unaffected father → 50% of sons affected; affected father → all daughters affected, no sons. Derived from Morgan 1910, Griffiths, Hartl & Clark 2007, StatPearls. Educational use only.
x-linked-inheritance-probabilityEducation
Compute allele frequencies from genotype counts: p = (2AA + Aa) / 2N, q = (2aa + Aa) / 2N. Derived from Hartl & Clark 2007, Griffiths, StatPearls. Educational use only.
allele-frequency-calculatorMedia
Detect drum-hit transients in an audio loop, slice it into individual hits, and export them as a ZIP with timing and optional MIDI.
audio-drum-loop-slicerHealth
Convert total serum calcium between mg/dL and mmol/L. Factor 0.25 (atomic weight 40.078; × 4.0 inverse). Does not albumin-correct. Derived from Payne 1973, Young 1987, StatPearls, Endocrine Society. Not medical advice.
calcium-unit-converterHealth
Convert serum/urine creatinine between mg/dL and µmol/L. Factor 88.4 (molar mass 113.12 g/mol). Derived from KDIGO 2012, Young 1987, StatPearls. Not medical advice.
creatinine-unit-converterEducation
Compute genotype frequencies from counts: freq = count / N. Also derives allele and phenotypic frequencies. Derived from Hartl & Clark 2007, Griffiths, StatPearls. Educational use only.
genotype-frequency-calculatorEducation
Compute allele and expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two modes: allele frequency or genotype counts with chi-square test. Derived from Hardy 1908, Weinberg 1908, Wigginton 2005, StatPearls. Educational use only.
hardy-weinberg-equilibriumHealth
Convert hemoglobin between g/dL, g/L, and mmol/L. Factor 0.6206 (g/dL→mmol/L, IFCC/IUPAC monomer, 16.1145 g/mmol); × 10 for g/L. Derived from WHO 2011, IFCC/IUPAC, Young 1987, StatPearls. Not medical advice.
hemoglobin-unit-converter