碳钢 L₀=1000 mm,ΔT=100 K → ΔL=1.2 mm,L₁=1001.2 mm α=12e-6。ΔL=1.2 mm,L₁=1001.2 mm。{"result":"Carbon steel, linear, α=0.0000120 1/K, L₀=1000 mm, ΔT=100 K. ΔL = α·L₀·ΔT = 1.2000 mm, L₁ = 1001.2000 mm.","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"linear","material":"carbonSteel","length":1000,"deltaT":100},"result":{"mode":"linear","material":"carbonSteel","delta":1.2,"final":1001.2,"alpha":0.000012,"initial":1000,"deltaT":100,"unit":"mm"}}}
铝 V₀=1×10⁶ mm³,ΔT=50 K → ΔV=3450 mm³(体膨胀) α=23e-6、β=69e-6。ΔV=3450 mm³,V₁=1003450 mm³。{"result":"Aluminum alloy, volumetric, α=0.0000230 1/K, β=3α=0.0000690 1/K, V₀=1000000 mm³, ΔT=50 K. ΔV = 3α·V₀·ΔT = 3450.0000 mm³, V₁ = 1003450.0000 mm³.","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"volumetric","material":"aluminum","volume":1000000,"deltaT":50},"result":{"mode":"volumetric","material":"aluminum","delta":3450,"final":1003450,"alpha":0.000023,"beta":0.000069,"initial":1000000,"deltaT":50,"unit":"mm³"}}}