300 K 黑体：ε=1，T=300 K，A=1 m² → E_b=459.3003 W/m²，Q_rad=459.3003 W 理想黑体，ε=1，T=300 K，A=1 m²。E_b=σ·T⁴=5.670374419e-8·300⁴=459.3003 W/m²。Q_rad=ε·σ·A·T⁴=1·5.670374419e-8·1·300⁴=459.3003 W。未给环境温度，故 Q_net 为 null。{"result":"Heat radiation (Stefan-Boltzmann). ε=1, T=300 K (300 K), A=1 m2 (1 m²). E_b = 459.3003 W/m², Q_rad = 459.3003 W.","metadata":{"input":{"emissivity":1,"temperature":300,"tempUnit":"K","area":1,"areaUnit":"m2"},"result":{"radiationPower_W":459.3003,"blackbodyEmissivePower_W_m2":459.3003,"emissivity":1,"temperature_K":300,"area_m2":1,"stefanBoltzmannConstant":5.670374419e-8,"netRadiationPower_W":null,"coldTemperature_K":null}}}
灰体 + 净辐射：ε=0.8，T=100°C（=373.15 K），A=0.5 m²，T₀=27°C（=300.15 K）→ Q_rad=439.7497 W，Q_net=255.6618 W 灰体表面，ε=0.8，T=100°C（=373.15 K），A=0.5 m²，环境 T₀=27°C（=300.15 K）。E_b=σ·373.15⁴=1099.3741 W/m²。Q_rad=0.8·σ·0.5·373.15⁴=439.7497 W。Q_net=0.8·σ·0.5·(373.15⁴-300.15⁴)=255.6618 W。{"result":"Heat radiation (Stefan-Boltzmann). ε=0.8, T=100 °C (373.15 K), A=0.5 m2 (0.5 m²). E_b = 1099.3741 W/m², Q_rad = 439.7497 W, Q_net = 255.6618 W (T₀=27 °C = 300.15 K).","metadata":{"input":{"emissivity":0.8,"temperature":100,"tempUnit":"°C","area":0.5,"areaUnit":"m2","coldTemperature":27},"result":{"radiationPower_W":439.7497,"blackbodyEmissivePower_W_m2":1099.3741,"emissivity":0.8,"temperature_K":373.15,"area_m2":0.5,"stefanBoltzmannConstant":5.670374419e-8,"netRadiationPower_W":255.6618,"coldTemperature_K":300.15}}}