空气自然对流：h=25，ΔT=20 K，A=1 m² → q=500 W/m²，Q=500 W，R_conv=0.04 K/W 空气自然对流，h=25 W/(m²·K)，ΔT=20 K，A=1 m²。q=h·ΔT=25·20=500 W/m²。Q=h·A·ΔT=25·1·20=500 W。R_conv=1/(h·A)=1/(25·1)=0.04 K/W。{"result":"Heat convection (Newton's law of cooling). h=25 W/(m²·K), ΔT=20 K (20 K), A=1 m2 (1 m²). q = 500 W/m², Q = 500 W, R_conv = 0.04 K/W.","metadata":{"input":{"heatTransferCoefficient":25,"temperatureDiff":20,"tempUnit":"K","area":1,"areaUnit":"m2"},"result":{"heatFlux_W_m2":500,"heatFlowRate_W":500,"convectionResistance_K_W":0.04,"heatTransferCoefficient":25,"temperatureDiff_K":20,"area_m2":1}}}
水强制对流：h=500，ΔT=50°C（=50 K），A=200 cm² → q=25000 W/m²，Q=500 W，R_conv=0.1 K/W 水强制对流，h=500 W/(m²·K)，ΔT=50°C（=50 K），A=200 cm²=0.02 m²。q=h·ΔT=500·50=25000 W/m²。Q=h·A·ΔT=500·0.02·50=500 W。R_conv=1/(h·A)=1/(500·0.02)=0.1 K/W。{"result":"Heat convection (Newton's law of cooling). h=500 W/(m²·K), ΔT=50 °C (50 K), A=200 cm2 (0.02 m²). q = 25000 W/m², Q = 500 W, R_conv = 0.1 K/W.","metadata":{"input":{"heatTransferCoefficient":500,"temperatureDiff":50,"tempUnit":"°C","area":200,"areaUnit":"cm2"},"result":{"heatFlux_W_m2":25000,"heatFlowRate_W":500,"convectionResistance_K_W":0.1,"heatTransferCoefficient":500,"temperatureDiff_K":50,"area_m2":0.02}}}