钢 E=200 GPa, I=1×10⁶ mm⁴, A=1000 mm², L=3 m, 两端铰接 → P_cr ≈ 219.32 kN Le=3000 mm。r=31.62 mm,λ=94.87。P_cr=π²EI/Le² ≈ 219324.5 N = 219.32 kN。σ_cr=219.32 MPa。{"result":"Euler buckling (pinned-pinned), E=200 GPa, I=1000000 mm⁴, A=1000 mm², L=3 m. K = 1, Le = 3000 mm. Radius of gyration r = 31.6228 mm, slenderness λ = Le/r = 94.8683. P_cr = π²·E·I/Le² = 219324.5423 N = 219.3245 kN. σ_cr = P_cr/A = 219.3245 MPa.","metadata":{"input":{"endCondition":"pinned-pinned","E":200,"I":1000000,"A":1000,"L":3},"result":{"endCondition":"pinned-pinned","effectiveLengthFactor":1,"effectiveLength":3000,"effectiveLengthUnit":"mm","radiusOfGyration":31.6228,"slendernessRatio":94.8683,"criticalLoad_N":219324.5423,"criticalLoad_kN":219.3245,"criticalStress":219.3245,"criticalStressUnit":"MPa"}}}
同截面,固定-自由 (K=2) → P_cr ≈ 54.83 kN(铰接的 1/4) Le=6000 mm。λ=189.74。P_cr=π²EI/Le² ≈ 54831.1 N = 54.83 kN(铰接工况的 1/4)。σ_cr=54.83 MPa。{"result":"Euler buckling (fixed-free), E=200 GPa, I=1000000 mm⁴, A=1000 mm², L=3 m. K = 2, Le = 6000 mm. Radius of gyration r = 31.6228 mm, slenderness λ = Le/r = 189.7367. P_cr = π²·E·I/Le² = 54831.1356 N = 54.8311 kN. σ_cr = P_cr/A = 54.8311 MPa.","metadata":{"input":{"endCondition":"fixed-free","E":200,"I":1000000,"A":1000,"L":3},"result":{"endCondition":"fixed-free","effectiveLengthFactor":2,"effectiveLength":6000,"effectiveLengthUnit":"mm","radiusOfGyration":31.6228,"slendernessRatio":189.7367,"criticalLoad_N":54831.1356,"criticalLoad_kN":54.8311,"criticalStress":54.8311,"criticalStressUnit":"MPa"}}}