Education
MW = Σ ProtParam average residue masses + H₂O, with ambiguity-code handling, kDa/mean-residue output, and unmodified-chain caveats. Educational use only.
protein-molecular-weightEducation
Single-point 1:1 Kd estimate: Kd = [P] × (1−f)/f from a direct fraction or anisotropy-derived fraction, plus ΔG° = RT·ln(Kd) and affinity bands from very tight (<1 nM) to weak (>1 µM). Cantor & Schimmel / Heyduk & Lee / Lakowicz derived. Educational use only.
protein-dna-binding-affinityEducation
ε280 = 5500×Trp + 1490×Tyr + 125×cystine (Pace 1995, ±5%) from a sequence or residue counts, with reduced/oxidized brackets, ProtParam molecular weight, A0.1% = ε/MW, and c = A280/ε concentration conversion. Gill & von Hippel / Pace / ProtParam derived. Educational use only.
protein-extinction-coefficientEducation
Theoretical pI via the simplified ExPASy/Bjellqvist pKa set with bisection to zero net charge, plus net charge at pH 7.4, ProtParam average molecular weight, and charged composition. Bjellqvist 1993 / Gasteiger 2003 derived. Educational use only.
protein-isoelectric-pointEducation
Exact or averaged restriction-fragment sizes: circular substrates give n fragments from n cuts (wrapping the origin), linear DNA n+1, from cut positions or a site count. Includes 4/6-base recognizer frequencies (256/4096 bp) and agarose resolution advice. Sambrook & Russell / REBASE derived. Educational use only.
restriction-fragment-lengthEducation
Step-by-step Mendelian probability tree for pedigree problems: autosomal recessive P(affected) = carrier × carrier / 4, autosomal dominant both-affected 3/4, X-linked recessive carrier mother → 50% affected sons. Derived from Griffiths, Hartl & Clark 2007, StatPearls. Educational use only.
pedigree-probability-treeEducation
Beer–Lambert RNA quantitation: c = A260 × dilution factor × 40 / path length, plus ng/µL, total yield, a 0.1–1.5 linear-range check, and the RNA OD260/280 ≈ 2.0 purity reminder. Derived from Marmur & Doty, Sambrook & Russell, Manchester 1995, Thermo Fisher NanoDrop notes. Educational use only.
rna-concentration-a260Health
Convert blood glucose between mg/dL and mmol/L. Factor 0.05551 (molar mass 180.156 g/mol). Derived from ADA 2024, WHO 2006, Young 1987, StatPearls, ADAG 2008. Not medical advice.
glucose-unit-converterHealth
Compute PVR = (mPAP − PCWP) / CO in Wood units and dyn·s/cm⁵. Normal < 3 Wood; elevated in pulmonary hypertension. Derived from Grossman 1991, Simonneau 2019, Humbert ESC/ERS 2022, StatPearls, LITFL. Not medical advice.
pulmonary-vascular-resistanceEducation
Convert a dog or cat's age into human-equivalent years using the modern AVMA method (with breed-size grouping for dogs) or the UCSD epigenetic formula, and see the pet's life-stage milestone plus a printable vet-visit summary card.
human-age-to-dog-cat-yearsHealth
Calculate PP = SBP − DBP and MAP = DBP + PP/3. Normal ~30–40 mmHg; wide PP → high SV or stiff arteries; narrow PP → low SV. Pulsus paradoxus flags tamponade/asthma/PE. Derived from McDonald's, Franklin 1999, Blacher 1999, StatPearls, LITFL. Not medical advice.
pulse-pressure-calculatorHealth
Calculate the glucose infusion rate GIR (mg/kg/min) for neonatal/pediatric IV nutrition. GIR = (mL/h × Dextrose%) / (Weight kg × 6). Supports D5–D50. Targets: 4–6 for term neonates; < 4 hypoglycemia risk; > 12 hyperglycemia risk. Weight in kg or g. Derived from Adamkin 2009, ASPEN 2013, MDCalc, and Singhal 2018. Not medical advice.
glucose-infusion-rate