Windows Date and Time - C++ Samples

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// 1. Basic time acquisition using C++ chrono
void BasicTimeAcquisition() {
    std::cout << "=== Basic Time Acquisition ===" << std::endl;

    // System clock time (high resolution)
    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    std::cout << "System clock time:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Raw time_t: " << currentTime << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Ctime format: " << std::ctime(&currentTime);

    // Convert to tm structure for detailed manipulation
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    std::cout << "  Local time components:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Year: " << (localTime.tm_year + 1900) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Month: " << (localTime.tm_mon + 1) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Day: " << localTime.tm_mday << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Hour: " << localTime.tm_hour << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Minute: " << localTime.tm_min << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Second: " << localTime.tm_sec << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Day of week: " << localTime.tm_wday << " (0=Sunday)" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Day of year: " << localTime.tm_yday << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Daylight saving: " << (localTime.tm_isdst > 0 ? "Yes" : "No") << std::endl;

    // UTC time
    std::tm utcTime;
    gmtime_s(&utcTime, &currentTime);

    std::cout << "  UTC time components:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Hour: " << utcTime.tm_hour << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Minute: " << utcTime.tm_min << std::endl;
    std::cout << "    Second: " << utcTime.tm_sec << std::endl;
}

// 2. High-precision time measurement
void HighPrecisionTime() {
    std::cout << "\n=== High-Precision Time Measurement ===" << std::endl;

    // Steady clock (monotonic, suitable for measuring intervals)
    auto steadyStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

    // Simulate some work
    std::vector<int> numbers;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
        numbers.push_back(i * i);
    }
    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());

    auto steadyEnd = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto steadyDuration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(steadyEnd - steadyStart);

    std::cout << "Work completed in: " << steadyDuration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;

    // High resolution clock
    auto highResStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

    // Another work simulation
    volatile long long sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
        sum += i;
    }

    auto highResEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    auto highResDuration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(highResEnd - highResStart);

    std::cout << "Calculation completed in: " << highResDuration.count() << " nanoseconds" << std::endl;

    // Time conversions
    auto milliseconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(highResDuration);
    auto seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(highResDuration);

    std::cout << "Time conversions:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Nanoseconds: " << highResDuration.count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Microseconds: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(highResDuration).count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Milliseconds: " << milliseconds.count() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Seconds: " << seconds.count() << std::endl;
}

// 3. Windows-specific time functions
void WindowsTimeFunctions() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Windows-Specific Time Functions ===" << std::endl;

    // GetSystemTime (UTC time)
    SYSTEMTIME systemTime;
    GetSystemTime(&systemTime);

    std::cout << "GetSystemTime (UTC):" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Year: " << systemTime.wYear << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Month: " << systemTime.wMonth << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Day: " << systemTime.wDay << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Hour: " << systemTime.wHour << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Minute: " << systemTime.wMinute << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Second: " << systemTime.wSecond << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Milliseconds: " << systemTime.wMilliseconds << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Day of week: " << systemTime.wDayOfWeek << " (0=Sunday)" << std::endl;

    // GetLocalTime (local time)
    SYSTEMTIME localTime;
    GetLocalTime(&localTime);

    std::cout << "\nGetLocalTime (Local):" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Year: " << localTime.wYear << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Month: " << localTime.wMonth << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Day: " << localTime.wDay << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Hour: " << localTime.wHour << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Minute: " << localTime.wMinute << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Second: " << localTime.wSecond << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Milliseconds: " << localTime.wMilliseconds << std::endl;

    // GetTickCount (time since system start)
    DWORD tickCount = GetTickCount();
    std::cout << "\nSystem uptime (GetTickCount): " << tickCount << " milliseconds ("
              << (tickCount / 1000.0 / 3600.0) << " hours)" << std::endl;

    // GetTickCount64 for systems that support it
    ULONGLONG tickCount64 = GetTickCount64();
    std::cout << "System uptime (GetTickCount64): " << tickCount64 << " milliseconds ("
              << (tickCount64 / 1000.0 / 3600.0) << " hours)" << std::endl;

    // File time
    FILETIME fileTime;
    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&fileTime);

    ULARGE_INTEGER uli;
    uli.LowPart = fileTime.dwLowDateTime;
    uli.HighPart = fileTime.dwHighDateTime;

    std::cout << "\nFile time (100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601):" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Value: " << uli.QuadPart << std::endl;

    // Convert file time to system time
    SYSTEMTIME fileSystemTime;
    FileTimeToSystemTime(&fileTime, &fileSystemTime);

    std::cout << "  Converted to system time: "
              << fileSystemTime.wYear << "-" << fileSystemTime.wMonth << "-" << fileSystemTime.wDay << " "
              << fileSystemTime.wHour << ":" << fileSystemTime.wMinute << ":" << fileSystemTime.wSecond
              << "." << fileSystemTime.wMilliseconds << std::endl;
}

// 4. Performance counter functions
void PerformanceCounterTime() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Performance Counter Time ===" << std::endl;

    LARGE_INTEGER frequency;
    QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequency);

    LARGE_INTEGER startCount, endCount;
    QueryPerformanceCounter(&startCount);

    // Simulate some work
    volatile double result = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
        result += sin(i * 0.001);
    }

    QueryPerformanceCounter(&endCount);

    double elapsedSeconds = static_cast<double>(endCount.QuadPart - startCount.QuadPart) / frequency.QuadPart;
    double elapsedMicroseconds = elapsedSeconds * 1000000.0;

    std::cout << "Performance counter timing:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Frequency: " << frequency.QuadPart << " counts per second" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Start count: " << startCount.QuadPart << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  End count: " << endCount.QuadPart << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Elapsed time: " << elapsedSeconds << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Elapsed time: " << elapsedMicroseconds << " microseconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Calculation result: " << result << std::endl;
}

// 5. Time zone information
void TimeZoneInformation() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Time Zone Information ===" << std::endl;

    TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION timeZoneInfo;
    DWORD result = GetTimeZoneInformation(&timeZoneInfo);

    std::cout << "Time zone information:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Bias from UTC: " << timeZoneInfo.Bias << " minutes" << std::endl;

    // Convert bias to hours and minutes
    int hours = abs(timeZoneInfo.Bias) / 60;
    int minutes = abs(timeZoneInfo.Bias) % 60;
    char sign = timeZoneInfo.Bias <= 0 ? '+' : '-';

    std::cout << "  UTC offset: " << sign << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << hours
              << ":" << std::setw(2) << minutes << std::setfill(' ') << std::endl;

    // Standard time
    std::cout << "\nStandard time:" << std::endl;
    std::wcout << L"  Name: " << timeZoneInfo.StandardName << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Bias: " << timeZoneInfo.StandardBias << " minutes" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Date: " << timeZoneInfo.StandardDate.wMonth << "/"
              << timeZoneInfo.StandardDate.wDay << " at "
              << timeZoneInfo.StandardDate.wHour << ":"
              << timeZoneInfo.StandardDate.wMinute << std::endl;

    // Daylight time
    std::cout << "\nDaylight saving time:" << std::endl;
    std::wcout << L"  Name: " << timeZoneInfo.DaylightName << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Bias: " << timeZoneInfo.DaylightBias << " minutes" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Date: " << timeZoneInfo.DaylightDate.wMonth << "/"
              << timeZoneInfo.DaylightDate.wDay << " at "
              << timeZoneInfo.DaylightDate.wHour << ":"
              << timeZoneInfo.DaylightDate.wMinute << std::endl;

    // Current time zone status
    switch (result) {
        case TIME_ZONE_ID_STANDARD:
            std::cout << "\nCurrent status: Standard time" << std::endl;
            break;
        case TIME_ZONE_ID_DAYLIGHT:
            std::cout << "\nCurrent status: Daylight saving time" << std::endl;
            break;
        case TIME_ZONE_ID_UNKNOWN:
            std::cout << "\nCurrent status: Unknown" << std::endl;
            break;
        default:
            std::cout << "\nCurrent status: Error (" << result << ")" << std::endl;
            break;
    }
}

// 6. Timer and alarm functions
void TimerAndAlarm() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Timer and Alarm Functions ===" << std::endl;

    // Create a timer queue
    HANDLE hTimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue();
    if (hTimerQueue == NULL) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create timer queue" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    // Timer callback function would be defined elsewhere
    // For demonstration, we'll show the setup
    HANDLE hTimer;

    std::cout << "Timer queue created successfully" << std::endl;

    // In a real application, you would create a timer like this:
    /*
    if (CreateTimerQueueTimer(&hTimer, hTimerQueue,
                              (WAITORTIMERCALLBACK)TimerCallback,
                              NULL, 1000, 2000, 0)) {
        std::cout << "Timer created successfully" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Failed to create timer" << std::endl;
    }
    */

    // Sleep for demonstration
    std::cout << "Sleeping for 2 seconds..." << std::endl;
    Sleep(2000);
    std::cout << "Sleep completed" << std::endl;

    // Cleanup
    if (hTimerQueue) {
        DeleteTimerQueueEx(hTimerQueue, NULL);
        std::cout << "Timer queue deleted" << std::endl;
    }

    // Alternative: Use Waitable Timer
    HANDLE hWaitableTimer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
    if (hWaitableTimer) {
        std::cout << "Waitable timer created" << std::endl;

        // Set timer to fire after 1 second
        LARGE_INTEGER dueTime;
        dueTime.QuadPart = -10000000LL; // 1 second in 100-nanosecond intervals (negative = relative)

        if (SetWaitableTimer(hWaitableTimer, &dueTime, 0, NULL, NULL, FALSE)) {
            std::cout << "Timer set to fire in 1 second" << std::endl;

            // Wait for timer
            if (WaitForSingleObject(hWaitableTimer, 2000) == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
                std::cout << "Timer fired!" << std::endl;
            } else {
                std::cout << "Timer wait timeout" << std::endl;
            }
        }

        CloseHandle(hWaitableTimer);
    }
}

// 7. Time measurement utility class
class TimeMeasure {
private:
    std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point startTime;
    std::string operationName;

public:
    TimeMeasure(const std::string& name) : operationName(name) {
        startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        std::cout << "Starting measurement: " << operationName << std::endl;
    }

    ~TimeMeasure() {
        auto endTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(endTime - startTime);
        std::cout << "Completed: " << operationName << " - "
                  << duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;
    }

    // Get elapsed time without destroying the object
    double getElapsedMicroseconds() const {
        auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(currentTime - startTime);
        return static_cast<double>(duration.count());
    }

    double getElapsedMilliseconds() const {
        return getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000.0;
    }

    double getElapsedSeconds() const {
        return getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000000.0;
    }
};

void demonstrateTimeMeasurement() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Time Measurement Utility ===" << std::endl;

    // Example 1: Automatic measurement with destructor
    {
        TimeMeasure measure("Vector operations");
        std::vector<int> vec;
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            vec.push_back(i);
        }
        std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
        std::reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
    }

    // Example 2: Manual timing
    TimeMeasure measure("Loop operations");
    for (int i = 0; i < 50000000; i++) {
        volatile int x = i * i + i;
        (void)x; // Suppress unused variable warning
    }
    std::cout << "Manual check - elapsed: " << measure.getElapsedMilliseconds() << " ms" << std::endl;
}

// 8. Multiple time format comparison
void compareTimeFormats() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Multiple Time Format Comparison ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    // Format 1: ISO 8601
    std::tm utcTime;
    gmtime_s(&utcTime, &currentTime);

    std::ostringstream isoStream;
    isoStream << std::put_time(&utcTime, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ");
    std::string isoFormat = isoStream.str();
    std::cout << "ISO 8601 format: " << isoFormat << std::endl;

    // Format 2: RFC 2822
    std::ostringstream rfcStream;
    rfcStream << std::put_time(&utcTime, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT");
    std::string rfcFormat = rfcStream.str();
    std::cout << "RFC 2822 format: " << rfcFormat << std::endl;

    // Format 3: Local time with milliseconds
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    // Get milliseconds
    auto timeMs = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now);
    auto epochMs = timeMs.time_since_epoch().count();
    auto epochSec = currentTime;
    int milliseconds = static_cast<int>(epochMs % 1000);

    std::ostringstream localStream;
    localStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
               << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << milliseconds;
    std::string localFormat = localStream.str();
    std::cout << "Local format: " << localFormat << std::endl;

    // Format 4: Simple readable format
    std::ostringstream readableStream;
    readableStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%B %d, %Y at %I:%M:%S %p");
    std::string readableFormat = readableStream.str();
    std::cout << "Readable format: " << readableFormat << std::endl;

    // Format 5: Compact numeric format
    std::ostringstream compactStream;
    compactStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S");
    std::string compactFormat = compactStream.str();
    std::cout << "Compact format: " << compactFormat << std::endl;

    // Windows SYSTEMTIME to string
    SYSTEMTIME systemTime;
    GetLocalTime(&systemTime);

    std::ostringstream windowsStream;
    windowsStream << systemTime.wYear << "-"
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wMonth << "-"
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wDay << " "
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wHour << ":"
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wMinute << ":"
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wSecond << "."
                  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << systemTime.wMilliseconds;
    std::string windowsFormat = windowsStream.str();
    std::cout << "Windows format: " << windowsFormat << std::endl;
}

// 9. Time calculation and arithmetic
void timeCalculations() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Time Calculations and Arithmetic ===" << std::endl;

    // Current time
    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    std::cout << "Current time: " << std::ctime(&currentTime);

    // Add 24 hours
    auto tomorrow = now + std::chrono::hours(24);
    std::time_t tomorrowTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(tomorrow);
    std::cout << "Tomorrow (24 hours later): " << std::ctime(&tomorrowTime);

    // Subtract 7 days
    auto weekAgo = now - std::chrono::hours(24 * 7);
    std::time_t weekAgoTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(weekAgo);
    std::cout << "A week ago: " << std::ctime(&weekAgoTime);

    // Add 1 hour and 30 minutes
    auto future = now + std::chrono::hours(1) + std::chrono::minutes(30);
    std::time_t futureTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(future);
    std::cout << "1 hour 30 minutes later: " << std::ctime(&futureTime);

    // Calculate difference between times
    auto startTime = now - std::chrono::hours(2);
    auto endTime = now + std::chrono::hours(3);
    auto duration = endTime - startTime;

    auto hours = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::hours>(duration);
    auto minutes = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(duration - hours);

    std::cout << "Duration between times: " << hours.count() << " hours, "
              << minutes.count() << " minutes" << std::endl;

    // Calculate time of day (seconds since midnight)
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    int secondsSinceMidnight = localTime.tm_hour * 3600 +
                             localTime.tm_min * 60 +
                             localTime.tm_sec;

    std::cout << "Seconds since midnight: " << secondsSinceMidnight << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Time remaining until midnight: " << (24 * 3600 - secondsSinceMidnight) << " seconds" << std::endl;

    // Calculate week number
    char weekBuffer[10];
    strftime(weekBuffer, sizeof(weekBuffer), "%U", &localTime);
    int weekNumber = std::atoi(weekBuffer);
    std::cout << "Week number of year: " << weekNumber << std::endl;

    // Calculate day of year
    std::cout << "Day of year: " << (localTime.tm_yday + 1) << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "=== C++ Windows Date and Time - Time Acquisition ===" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Demonstrating comprehensive time acquisition techniques\n" << std::endl;

    try {
        // Run all time acquisition examples
        BasicTimeAcquisition();
        HighPrecisionTime();
        WindowsTimeFunctions();
        PerformanceCounterTime();
        TimeZoneInformation();
        TimerAndAlarm();
        demonstrateTimeMeasurement();
        compareTimeFormats();
        timeCalculations();

        std::cout << "\nAll time acquisition examples completed successfully!" << std::endl;

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Unexpected error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <windows.h>
#include <locale>

// 1. Basic time formatting
void BasicTimeFormatting() {
    std::cout << "=== Basic Time Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    // Local time structure
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    std::cout << "Basic formatting using put_time:" << std::endl;

    // ISO 8601 format
    std::ostringstream isoStream;
    isoStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S");
    std::cout << "ISO 8601: " << isoStream.str() << std::endl;

    // US format
    std::ostringstream usStream;
    usStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p");
    std::cout << "US format: " << usStream.str() << std::endl;

    // European format
    std::ostringstream euStream;
    euStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S");
    std::cout << "European format: " << euStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Readable format
    std::ostringstream readableStream;
    readableStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%A, %B %d, %Y");
    std::cout << "Readable: " << readableStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Short date
    std::ostringstream shortStream;
    shortStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%x");
    std::cout << "Short date: " << shortStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Long date
    std::ostringstream longStream;
    longStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%c");
    std::cout << "Long date: " << longStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Time only
    std::ostringstream timeOnlyStream;
    timeOnlyStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%X");
    std::cout << "Time only: " << timeOnlyStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Custom format
    std::ostringstream customStream;
    customStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "Year: %Y, Week: %U, Day: %j");
    std::cout << "Custom: " << customStream.str() << std::endl;
}

// 2. Advanced formatting with milliseconds and microseconds
void HighResolutionFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== High-Resolution Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    auto timeMs = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now);
    auto timeUs = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(now);

    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    // Get milliseconds and microseconds
    auto epochMs = timeMs.time_since_epoch().count();
    auto epochUs = timeUs.time_since_epoch().count();
    auto epochSec = currentTime;

    int milliseconds = static_cast<int>(epochMs % 1000);
    int microseconds = static_cast<int>(epochUs % 1000000);

    std::cout << "High-resolution formatting:" << std::endl;

    // With milliseconds
    std::ostringstream msStream;
    msStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
             << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << milliseconds;
    std::cout << "With milliseconds: " << msStream.str() << std::endl;

    // With microseconds
    std::ostringstream usStream;
    usStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
             << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(6) << microseconds;
    std::cout << "With microseconds: " << usStream.str() << std::endl;

    // Fractional seconds
    std::ostringstream fractionStream;
    fractionStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%H:%M:%S")
                   << "." << std::fixed << std::setprecision(6)
                   << (microseconds / 1000000.0);
    std::cout << "Fractional seconds: " << fractionStream.str() << std::endl;
}

// 3. Windows API formatting
void WindowsAPIFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Windows API Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    SYSTEMTIME systemTime;
    GetLocalTime(&systemTime);

    std::cout << "Windows SYSTEMTIME formatting:" << std::endl;

    // Manual formatting
    std::cout << "Manual format: "
              << systemTime.wYear << "-"
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wMonth << "-"
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wDay << " "
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wHour << ":"
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wMinute << ":"
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << systemTime.wSecond << "."
              << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << systemTime.wMilliseconds << std::endl;

    // GetDateFormat and GetTimeFormat
    SYSTEMTIME dateOnly = systemTime;
    SYSTEMTIME timeOnly = systemTime;

    // Format date
    TCHAR dateBuffer[100];
    int dateResult = GetDateFormat(
        LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT,
        DATE_LONGDATE,
        &dateOnly,
        NULL,
        dateBuffer,
        sizeof(dateBuffer) / sizeof(TCHAR)
    );

    if (dateResult > 0) {
        std::wcout << L"Long date format: " << dateBuffer << std::endl;
    }

    // Format time
    TCHAR timeBuffer[100];
    int timeResult = GetTimeFormat(
        LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT,
        TIME_FORCE24HOURFORMAT,
        &timeOnly,
        NULL,
        timeBuffer,
        sizeof(timeBuffer) / sizeof(TCHAR)
    );

    if (timeResult > 0) {
        std::wcout << L"24-hour time format: " << timeBuffer << std::endl;
    }

    // Short date format
    TCHAR shortDateBuffer[100];
    GetDateFormat(
        LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT,
        DATE_SHORTDATE,
        &dateOnly,
        NULL,
        shortDateBuffer,
        sizeof(shortDateBuffer) / sizeof(TCHAR)
    );
    std::wcout << L"Short date format: " << shortDateBuffer << std::endl;

    // 12-hour time format
    TCHAR time12Buffer[100];
    GetTimeFormat(
        LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT,
        0, // Default time format
        &timeOnly,
        NULL,
        time12Buffer,
        sizeof(time12Buffer) / sizeof(TCHAR)
    );
    std::wcout << L"12-hour time format: " << time12Buffer << std::endl;
}

// 4. Localization and locale-specific formatting
void LocaleFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Localization and Locale Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    // Different locale examples
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> locales = {
        {"", "Default locale"},
        {"en_US.UTF-8", "US English"},
        {"en_GB.UTF-8", "British English"},
        {"de_DE.UTF-8", "German"},
        {"fr_FR.UTF-8", "French"},
        {"ja_JP.UTF-8", "Japanese"}
    };

    for (const auto& [localeName, description] : locales) {
        std::cout << "\n" << description << ":" << std::endl;

        try {
            // Set locale for this iteration
            std::ostringstream dateStream, timeStream;

            if (localeName.empty()) {
                // Use system default
                dateStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%x");
                timeStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%X");
            } else {
                // Try to set specific locale
                try {
                    std::locale::global(std::locale(localeName));
                    dateStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%x");
                    timeStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%X");
                } catch (const std::exception&) {
                    std::cout << "  Locale not available, using default" << std::endl;
                    dateStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%x");
                    timeStream << std::put_time(&localTime, "%X");
                }
            }

            std::cout << "  Date: " << dateStream.str() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Time: " << timeStream.str() << std::endl;

        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            std::cout << "  Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    // Reset to default locale
    try {
        std::locale::global(std::locale(""));
    } catch (...) {
        // Ignore locale reset errors
    }
}

// 5. Custom formatting functions
class TimeFormatter {
public:
    // Format with custom pattern
    static std::string formatWithPattern(const std::tm& timeInfo, const std::string& pattern) {
        std::ostringstream result;
        std::string currentPattern = pattern;

        // Simple pattern replacement
        std::map<std::string, std::string> replacements = {
            {"YYYY", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_year + 1900)},
            {"YY", std::to_string((timeInfo.tm_year + 1900) % 100)},
            {"MM", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_mon + 1)},
            {"DD", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_mday)},
            {"hh", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_hour)},
            {"mm", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_min)},
            {"ss", std::to_string(timeInfo.tm_sec)},
            {"DAY", getDayName(timeInfo.tm_wday)},
            {"MONTH", getMonthName(timeInfo.tm_mon)}
        };

        // Pad single digits with leading zero
        std::map<std::string, std::string> paddedReplacements;
        for (const auto& [key, value] : replacements) {
            if (value.length() == 1) {
                paddedReplacements[key] = "0" + value;
            } else {
                paddedReplacements[key] = value;
            }
        }

        // Apply replacements
        for (const auto& [key, value] : paddedReplacements) {
            size_t pos = currentPattern.find(key);
            while (pos != std::string::npos) {
                currentPattern.replace(pos, key.length(), value);
                pos = currentPattern.find(key, pos);
            }
        }

        result << currentPattern;
        return result.str();
    }

    // Format time ago
    static std::string formatTimeAgo(std::chrono::system_clock::time_point pastTime) {
        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        auto duration = now - pastTime;
        auto seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(duration).count();

        if (seconds < 60) {
            return std::to_string(seconds) + " seconds ago";
        }

        auto minutes = seconds / 60;
        if (minutes < 60) {
            return std::to_string(minutes) + " minute" + (minutes == 1 ? "" : "s") + " ago";
        }

        auto hours = minutes / 60;
        if (hours < 24) {
            return std::to_string(hours) + " hour" + (hours == 1 ? "" : "s") + " ago";
        }

        auto days = hours / 24;
        if (days < 30) {
            return std::to_string(days) + " day" + (days == 1 ? "" : "s") + " ago";
        }

        auto months = days / 30;
        if (months < 12) {
            return std::to_string(months) + " month" + (months == 1 ? "" : "s") + " ago";
        }

        auto years = months / 12;
        return std::to_string(years) + " year" + (years == 1 ? "" : "s") + " ago";
    }

    // Format duration
    static std::string formatDuration(std::chrono::milliseconds duration) {
        auto totalSeconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(duration).count();
        auto milliseconds = duration.count() % 1000;

        auto hours = totalSeconds / 3600;
        auto minutes = (totalSeconds % 3600) / 60;
        auto seconds = totalSeconds % 60;

        std::ostringstream result;
        if (hours > 0) {
            result << hours << "h " << minutes << "m " << seconds << "." << std::setfill('0')
                   << std::setw(3) << milliseconds << "s";
        } else if (minutes > 0) {
            result << minutes << "m " << seconds << "." << std::setfill('0')
                   << std::setw(3) << milliseconds << "s";
        } else {
            result << seconds << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << milliseconds << "s";
        }

        return result.str();
    }

private:
    static std::string getDayName(int dayOfWeek) {
        static const std::vector<std::string> dayNames = {
            "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"
        };
        return (dayOfWeek >= 0 && dayOfWeek < 7) ? dayNames[dayOfWeek] : "Unknown";
    }

    static std::string getMonthName(int month) {
        static const std::vector<std::string> monthNames = {
            "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
            "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
        };
        return (month >= 0 && month < 12) ? monthNames[month] : "Unknown";
    }
};

void demonstrateCustomFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Custom Formatting Functions ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    std::cout << "Custom pattern formatting:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss: "
              << TimeFormatter::formatWithPattern(localTime, "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss") << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  DD/MM/YYYY: "
              << TimeFormatter::formatWithPattern(localTime, "DD/MM/YYYY") << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  MONTH DD, YYYY: "
              << TimeFormatter::formatWithPattern(localTime, "MONTH DD, YYYY") << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  DAY, MONTH DD, hh:mm: "
              << TimeFormatter::formatWithPattern(localTime, "DAY, MONTH DD, hh:mm") << std::endl;

    // Time ago examples
    auto pastTime = now - std::chrono::minutes(5);
    std::cout << "\nTime ago examples:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  5 minutes ago: " << TimeFormatter::formatTimeAgo(pastTime) << std::endl;

    pastTime = now - std::chrono::hours(2);
    std::cout << "  2 hours ago: " << TimeFormatter::formatTimeAgo(pastTime) << std::endl;

    pastTime = now - std::chrono::hours(24 * 3);
    std::cout << "  3 days ago: " << TimeFormatter::formatTimeAgo(pastTime) << std::endl;

    pastTime = now - std::chrono::hours(24 * 30 * 2);
    std::cout << "  2 months ago: " << TimeFormatter::formatTimeAgo(pastTime) << std::endl;

    // Duration formatting
    std::cout << "\nDuration formatting:" << std::endl;
    auto duration1 = std::chrono::milliseconds(1500);
    auto duration2 = std::chrono::milliseconds(125000);
    auto duration3 = std::chrono::milliseconds(3661500);

    std::cout << "  1500ms: " << TimeFormatter::formatDuration(duration1) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  125000ms: " << TimeFormatter::formatDuration(duration2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  3661500ms: " << TimeFormatter::formatDuration(duration3) << std::endl;
}

// 6. Log timestamp formatting
void logTimestampFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Log Timestamp Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    auto timeMs = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now);
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    auto epochMs = timeMs.time_since_epoch().count();
    int milliseconds = static_cast<int>(epochMs % 1000);

    // Different log formats
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> logFormats = {
        {"Standard", "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]"},
        {"With Milliseconds", "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%e]"},
        {"ISO 8601", "[%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%eZ]"},
        {"Compact", "[%Y%m%d_%H%M%S]"},
        {"Detailed", "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%e %Z]"},
        {"RFC 3339", "[%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%e%z]"}
    };

    std::cout << "Log timestamp formats:" << std::endl;
    for (const auto& [name, pattern] : logFormats) {
        std::ostringstream logStream;

        // Replace %e with milliseconds for our custom formatting
        std::string customPattern = pattern;
        size_t pos = customPattern.find("%e");
        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
            customPattern.replace(pos, 2, std::to_string(milliseconds));
        }

        logStream << std::put_time(&localTime, customPattern.c_str());
        std::cout << "  " << name << ": " << logStream.str() << " [LOG MESSAGE]" << std::endl;
    }

    // Computer-readable format (Unix timestamp with milliseconds)
    double unixTimestampMs = static_cast<double>(currentTime) * 1000.0 + milliseconds;
    std::cout << "\nUnix timestamp (ms): " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(0)
              << unixTimestampMs << std::endl;

    // High-resolution timestamp
    auto highRes = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    auto highResEpoch = highRes.time_since_epoch().count();
    std::cout << "High-res timestamp: " << highResEpoch << " nanoseconds since epoch" << std::endl;
}

// 7. Colorized and styled formatting
void styledFormatting() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Styled Formatting ===" << std::endl;

    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
    std::tm localTime;
    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

    // For demonstration purposes, we'll show styled text with markers
    // In a real console application, you could use ANSI color codes

    std::cout << "Styled timestamp examples (using markers):" << std::endl;

    // Digital clock style
    std::ostringstream digitalClock;
    digitalClock << "[" << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << localTime.tm_hour
                 << ":" << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << localTime.tm_min
                 << ":" << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << localTime.tm_sec << "]";
    std::cout << "  Digital clock: " << digitalClock.str() << std::endl;

    // Binary time (for fun)
    std::cout << "  Binary time: ";
    std::cout << "[" << std::bitset<6>(localTime.tm_hour).to_string()
              << ":" << std::bitset<6>(localTime.tm_min).to_string()
              << ":" << std::bitset<6>(localTime.tm_sec).to_string() << "]" << std::endl;

    // Calendar style
    std::ostringstream calendar;
    calendar << std::put_time(&localTime, "%B %d, %Y");
    std::cout << "  Calendar: " << calendar.str() << std::endl;

    // Military time
    std::ostringstream military;
    military << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << localTime.tm_hour
             << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << localTime.tm_min
             << "HRS";
    std::cout << "  Military: " << military.str() << std::endl;

    // Word clock
    std::string timeWords = convertToWords(localTime.tm_hour, localTime.tm_min);
    std::cout << "  Word clock: " << timeWords << std::endl;

    // Progress bar style (representing time of day)
    int dayProgress = (localTime.tm_hour * 3600 + localTime.tm_min * 60 + localTime.tm_sec) * 100 / 86400;
    std::cout << "  Day progress: [";
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        if (i < dayProgress / 5) {
            std::cout << "=";
        } else {
            std::cout << " ";
        }
    }
    std::cout << "] " << dayProgress << "%" << std::endl;
}

// Helper function to convert time to words
std::string convertToWords(int hour, int minute) {
    static const std::vector<std::string> numbers = {
        "twelve", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five",
        "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven"
    };

    hour = hour % 12;
    if (hour == 0) hour = 12;

    std::string result = numbers[hour % 12];

    if (minute == 0) {
        result += " o'clock";
    } else if (minute <= 30) {
        if (minute == 15) {
            result = "a quarter past " + result;
        } else if (minute == 30) {
            result = "half past " + result;
        } else {
            result = numbers[minute] + " past " + result;
        }
    } else {
        int nextHour = hour % 12 + 1;
        if (nextHour == 13) nextHour = 1;

        if (minute == 45) {
            result = "a quarter to " + numbers[nextHour % 12];
        } else {
            result = numbers[60 - minute] + " to " + numbers[nextHour % 12];
        }
    }

    return result;
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "=== C++ Windows Date and Time - Time Formatting ===" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Demonstrating comprehensive time formatting and display techniques\n" << std::endl;

    try {
        // Run all formatting examples
        BasicTimeFormatting();
        HighResolutionFormatting();
        WindowsAPIFormatting();
        LocaleFormatting();
        demonstrateCustomFormatting();
        logTimestampFormatting();
        styledFormatting();

        std::cout << "\nAll time formatting examples completed successfully!" << std::endl;

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Unexpected error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <regex>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>

// Custom exception for time parsing errors
class TimeParseException : public std::runtime_error {
public:
    TimeParseException(const std::string& message) : std::runtime_error(message) {}
};

// 1. Basic time parsing functions
class TimeParser {
public:
    // Parse ISO 8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS
    static std::tm parseISO8601(const std::string& timeString) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};
        std::istringstream iss(timeString);

        iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S");

        if (iss.fail()) {
            throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse ISO 8601 format: " + timeString);
        }

        return timeInfo;
    }

    // Parse US format: MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS
    static std::tm parseUSFormat(const std::string& timeString) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};
        std::istringstream iss(timeString);

        iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S");

        if (iss.fail()) {
            throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse US format: " + timeString);
        }

        return timeInfo;
    }

    // Parse European format: DD.MM.YYYY HH:MM:SS
    static std::tm parseEuropeanFormat(const std::string& timeString) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};
        std::istringstream iss(timeString);

        iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S");

        if (iss.fail()) {
            throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse European format: " + timeString);
        }

        return timeInfo;
    }

    // Parse flexible format with multiple patterns
    static std::tm parseFlexible(const std::string& timeString) {
        std::vector<std::string> patterns = {
            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
            "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
            "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S",
            "%d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S",
            "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y",
            "%x %X",
            "%c"
        };

        std::tm timeInfo = {};

        for (const auto& pattern : patterns) {
            std::istringstream iss(timeString);
            iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, pattern.c_str());

            if (!iss.fail()) {
                return timeInfo;
            }
        }

        throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse time with any known pattern: " + timeString);
    }

    // Parse time-only string (HH:MM:SS)
    static std::tm parseTimeOnly(const std::string& timeString) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};

        // Set date to current date
        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
        localtime_s(&timeInfo, &currentTime);

        std::istringstream iss(timeString);
        iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%H:%M:%S");

        if (iss.fail()) {
            throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse time: " + timeString);
        }

        return timeInfo;
    }

    // Parse date-only string (YYYY-MM-DD)
    static std::tm parseDateOnly(const std::string& dateString) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};

        // Set time to midnight
        timeInfo.tm_hour = 0;
        timeInfo.tm_min = 0;
        timeInfo.tm_sec = 0;

        std::istringstream iss(dateString);
        iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%Y-%m-%d");

        if (iss.fail()) {
            // Try other date formats
            iss.clear();
            iss.str(dateString);
            iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%m/%d/%Y");
        }

        if (iss.fail()) {
            iss.clear();
            iss.str(dateString);
            iss >> std::get_time(&timeInfo, "%d.%m.%Y");
        }

        if (iss.fail()) {
            throw TimeParseException("Failed to parse date: " + dateString);
        }

        return timeInfo;
    }
};

void demonstrateBasicParsing() {
    std::cout << "=== Basic Time Parsing ===" << std::endl;

    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> testStrings = {
        {"ISO 8601", "2023-12-25T14:30:45"},
        {"US Format", "12/25/2023 14:30:45"},
        {"European Format", "25.12.2023 14:30:45"},
        {"Flexible", "Dec 25 14:30:45 2023"}
    };

    for (const auto& [name, timeString] : testStrings) {
        try {
            std::tm timeInfo;

            if (name == "ISO 8601") {
                timeInfo = TimeParser::parseISO8601(timeString);
            } else if (name == "US Format") {
                timeInfo = TimeParser::parseUSFormat(timeString);
            } else if (name == "European Format") {
                timeInfo = TimeParser::parseEuropeanFormat(timeString);
            } else {
                timeInfo = TimeParser::parseFlexible(timeString);
            }

            std::cout << name << " (" << timeString << "): ";
            std::cout << (timeInfo.tm_year + 1900) << "-"
                      << (timeInfo.tm_mon + 1) << "-"
                      << timeInfo.tm_mday << " "
                      << timeInfo.tm_hour << ":"
                      << timeInfo.tm_min << ":"
                      << timeInfo.tm_sec << std::endl;

        } catch (const TimeParseException& e) {
            std::cout << name << ": Error - " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    // Time-only and date-only parsing
    std::cout << "\nTime-only and date-only parsing:" << std::endl;

    try {
        std::tm timeOnly = TimeParser::parseTimeOnly("14:30:45");
        std::cout << "Time only: " << timeOnly.tm_hour << ":"
                  << timeOnly.tm_min << ":" << timeOnly.tm_sec << std::endl;

        std::tm dateOnly = TimeParser::parseDateOnly("2023-12-25");
        std::cout << "Date only: " << (dateOnly.tm_year + 1900) << "-"
                  << (dateOnly.tm_mon + 1) << "-" << dateOnly.tm_mday << std::endl;

    } catch (const TimeParseException& e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
}

// 2. Advanced parsing with regex
class RegexTimeParser {
public:
    struct ParsedTime {
        int year = 0;
        int month = 0;
        int day = 0;
        int hour = 0;
        int minute = 0;
        int second = 0;
        int millisecond = 0;
        std::string timezone;
        bool isValid = false;
    };

    // Parse with flexible regex patterns
    static ParsedTime parseWithRegex(const std::string& timeString) {
        ParsedTime result;

        // Define regex patterns for different time formats
        std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, std::function<void(std::smatch&)>>> patterns = {
            // ISO 8601 with timezone: 2023-12-25T14:30:45.123+05:30
            {
                std::regex(R"(^(d{4})-(d{2})-(d{2})T(d{2}):(d{2}):(d{2})(?:.(d{3}))?(?:([+-]d{2}:d{2})|Z)?$)"),
                [&result](std::smatch& match) {
                    result.year = std::stoi(match[1].str());
                    result.month = std::stoi(match[2].str());
                    result.day = std::stoi(match[3].str());
                    result.hour = std::stoi(match[4].str());
                    result.minute = std::stoi(match[5].str());
                    result.second = std::stoi(match[6].str());
                    if (match[7].matched) {
                        result.millisecond = std::stoi(match[7].str());
                    }
                    if (match[8].matched) {
                        result.timezone = match[8].str();
                    } else if (match[0].str().back() == 'Z') {
                        result.timezone = "UTC";
                    }
                    result.isValid = true;
                }
            },
            // Natural language: December 25, 2023 at 2:30 PM
            {
                std::regex(R"(^(w+)s+(d{1,2}),s+(d{4})s+ats+(d{1,2}):(d{2})(?::(d{2}))?s*(AM|PM)?$)"),
                [&result](std::smatch& match) {
                    static std::map<std::string, int> monthMap = {
                        {"January", 1}, {"February", 2}, {"March", 3}, {"April", 4},
                        {"May", 5}, {"June", 6}, {"July", 7}, {"August", 8},
                        {"September", 9}, {"October", 10}, {"November", 11}, {"December", 12},
                        {"Jan", 1}, {"Feb", 2}, {"Mar", 3}, {"Apr", 4}, {"May", 5}, {"Jun", 6},
                        {"Jul", 7}, {"Aug", 8}, {"Sep", 9}, {"Oct", 10}, {"Nov", 11}, {"Dec", 12}
                    };

                    result.month = monthMap[match[1].str()];
                    result.day = std::stoi(match[2].str());
                    result.year = std::stoi(match[3].str());
                    result.hour = std::stoi(match[4].str());
                    result.minute = std::stoi(match[5].str());

                    if (match[6].matched) {
                        result.second = std::stoi(match[6].str());
                    }

                    if (match[7].matched) {
                        std::string period = match[7].str();
                        if (period == "PM" && result.hour != 12) {
                            result.hour += 12;
                        } else if (period == "AM" && result.hour == 12) {
                            result.hour = 0;
                        }
                    }

                    result.isValid = true;
                }
            },
            // Relative time: "yesterday at 3 PM", "in 2 hours"
            {
                std::regex(R"(^(yesterday|today|tomorrow)(?:s+ats+(d{1,2})(?::(d{2}))?s*(AM|PM))?$)"),
                [&result](std::smatch& match) {
                    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
                    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
                    std::tm localTime;
                    localtime_s(&localTime, &currentTime);

                    result.year = localTime.tm_year + 1900;
                    result.month = localTime.tm_mon + 1;
                    result.day = localTime.tm_mday;
                    result.hour = localTime.tm_hour;
                    result.minute = localTime.tm_min;
                    result.second = localTime.tm_sec;

                    std::string dayModifier = match[1].str();
                    if (dayModifier == "yesterday") {
                        result.day -= 1;
                    } else if (dayModifier == "tomorrow") {
                        result.day += 1;
                    }

                    if (match[2].matched) {
                        result.hour = std::stoi(match[2].str());
                        result.minute = match[3].matched ? std::stoi(match[3].str()) : 0;
                        result.second = 0;

                        if (match[4].matched) {
                            std::string period = match[4].str();
                            if (period == "PM" && result.hour != 12) {
                                result.hour += 12;
                            } else if (period == "AM" && result.hour == 12) {
                                result.hour = 0;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    result.isValid = true;
                }
            }
        };

        // Try each pattern
        for (const auto& [pattern, processor] : patterns) {
            std::smatch match;
            if (std::regex_search(timeString, match, pattern)) {
                processor(match);
                if (result.isValid) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    // Convert ParsedTime to std::tm
    static std::tm toTm(const ParsedTime& parsedTime) {
        std::tm timeInfo = {};

        timeInfo.tm_year = parsedTime.year - 1900;
        timeInfo.tm_mon = parsedTime.month - 1;
        timeInfo.tm_mday = parsedTime.day;
        timeInfo.tm_hour = parsedTime.hour;
        timeInfo.tm_min = parsedTime.minute;
        timeInfo.tm_sec = parsedTime.second;

        // Normalize the time structure
        std::time_t normalizedTime = std::mktime(&timeInfo);
        localtime_s(&timeInfo, &normalizedTime);

        return timeInfo;
    }
};

void demonstrateRegexParsing() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Advanced Regex Parsing ===" << std::endl;

    std::vector<std::string> testStrings = {
        "2023-12-25T14:30:45.123+05:30",
        "December 25, 2023 at 2:30 PM",
        "tomorrow at 3 PM",
        "yesterday",
        "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
    };

    for (const auto& timeString : testStrings) {
        auto parsed = RegexTimeParser::parseWithRegex(timeString);

        std::cout << "Parsing: '" << timeString << "'" << std::endl;

        if (parsed.isValid) {
            std::cout << "  Result: " << parsed.year << "-"
                      << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.month << "-"
                      << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.day << " "
                      << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.hour << ":"
                      << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.minute << ":"
                      << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.second;

            if (parsed.millisecond > 0) {
                std::cout << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << parsed.millisecond;
            }

            if (!parsed.timezone.empty()) {
                std::cout << " " << parsed.timezone;
            }

            std::cout << std::endl;

            // Convert to std::tm and verify
            try {
                std::tm timeInfo = RegexTimeParser::toTm(parsed);
                std::ostringstream oss;
                oss << std::put_time(&timeInfo, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");
                std::cout << "  Normalized: " << oss.str() << std::endl;
            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                std::cout << "  Normalization error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
            }

        } else {
            std::cout << "  Failed to parse" << std::endl;
        }

        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
}

// 3. Time validation
class TimeValidator {
public:
    struct ValidationResult {
        bool isValid;
        std::vector<std::string> errors;
        std::vector<std::string> warnings;
    };

    // Validate parsed time components
    static ValidationResult validateTime(const RegexTimeParser::ParsedTime& parsedTime) {
        ValidationResult result;
        result.isValid = true;

        // Basic range validation
        if (parsedTime.year < 1900 || parsedTime.year > 2100) {
            result.errors.push_back("Year out of valid range (1900-2100)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.month < 1 || parsedTime.month > 12) {
            result.errors.push_back("Month out of valid range (1-12)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.day < 1 || parsedTime.day > 31) {
            result.errors.push_back("Day out of valid range (1-31)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.hour < 0 || parsedTime.hour > 23) {
            result.errors.push_back("Hour out of valid range (0-23)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.minute < 0 || parsedTime.minute > 59) {
            result.errors.push_back("Minute out of valid range (0-59)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.second < 0 || parsedTime.second > 59) {
            result.errors.push_back("Second out of valid range (0-59)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        if (parsedTime.millisecond < 0 || parsedTime.millisecond > 999) {
            result.errors.push_back("Millisecond out of valid range (0-999)");
            result.isValid = false;
        }

        // Validate day against month
        if (parsedTime.isValid) {
            int maxDay = getDaysInMonth(parsedTime.year, parsedTime.month);
            if (parsedTime.day > maxDay) {
                result.errors.push_back("Day " + std::to_string(parsedTime.day) +
                                     " is invalid for month " + std::to_string(parsedTime.month) +
                                     " (max: " + std::to_string(maxDay) + ")");
                result.isValid = false;
            }
        }

        // Check for suspicious but valid dates
        if (parsedTime.month == 2 && parsedTime.day == 29) {
            bool isLeapYear = (parsedTime.year % 4 == 0 && parsedTime.year % 100 != 0) ||
                            (parsedTime.year % 400 == 0);
            if (!isLeapYear) {
                result.errors.push_back("February 29 is invalid in non-leap year");
                result.isValid = false;
            }
        }

        // Warnings (doesn't make it invalid)
        if (parsedTime.year == 1900) {
            result.warnings.push_back("Year 1900 might indicate missing or default date");
        }

        if (parsedTime.month == 0 || parsedTime.day == 0) {
            result.warnings.push_back("Zero month or day might indicate parsing error");
        }

        if (parsedTime.hour == 0 && parsedTime.minute == 0 && parsedTime.second == 0) {
            result.warnings.push_back("Midnight time might be default/empty");
        }

        return result;
    }

    // Validate time string format
    static ValidationResult validateFormat(const std::string& timeString) {
        ValidationResult result;
        result.isValid = true;

        // Basic format checks
        if (timeString.empty()) {
            result.errors.push_back("Empty time string");
            result.isValid = false;
            return result;
        }

        // Check for invalid characters
        std::string validChars = "0123456789-:.T +ZAPMMDaytuehYonlgirjfbvskc";
        for (char c : timeString) {
            if (validChars.find(c) == std::string::npos && !std::isspace(c)) {
                result.warnings.push_back("Potentially invalid character: '" + std::string(1, c) + "'");
            }
        }

        // Check format patterns
        bool hasDate = false;
        bool hasTime = false;
        bool hasSeparator = false;

        // Date patterns
        if (timeString.find('-') != std::string::npos ||
            timeString.find('/') != std::string::npos ||
            timeString.find('.') != std::string::npos) {
            hasDate = true;
        }

        // Time patterns
        if (timeString.find(':') != std::string::npos) {
            hasTime = true;
        }

        // ISO 8601 separator
        if (timeString.find('T') != std::string::npos) {
            hasSeparator = true;
        }

        if (hasDate && hasTime && !hasSeparator && timeString.find(' ') == std::string::npos) {
            result.warnings.push_back("Date and time without separator");
        }

        return result;
    }

private:
    // Get number of days in month
    static int getDaysInMonth(int year, int month) {
        static const int daysInMonth[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

        if (month == 2) {
            // Check for leap year
            bool isLeapYear = (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0);
            return isLeapYear ? 29 : 28;
        }

        if (month >= 1 && month <= 12) {
            return daysInMonth[month - 1];
        }

        return 31; // Default
    }
};

void demonstrateValidation() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Time Validation ===" << std::endl;

    std::vector<std::string> testStrings = {
        "2023-02-29T12:00:00",    // Invalid: 2023 is not leap year
        "2024-02-30T12:00:00",    // Invalid: February never has 30 days
        "2023-13-01T12:00:00",    // Invalid: Month 13
        "2023-12-32T12:00:00",    // Invalid: Day 32
        "2023-12-25T25:00:00",    // Invalid: Hour 25
        "2023-12-25T12:60:00",    // Invalid: Minute 60
        "2024-02-29T12:00:00",    // Valid: Leap year
        "2023-12-25T00:00:00",    // Valid but warning: Midnight default
        "0000-01-01T00:00:00",    // Valid but warning: Year 1900 default
        "invalid-time-string"      // Invalid format
    };

    for (const auto& timeString : testStrings) {
        std::cout << "\nValidating: '" << timeString << "'" << std::endl;

        // First validate format
        auto formatResult = TimeValidator::validateFormat(timeString);

        if (!formatResult.isValid) {
            std::cout << "  Format invalid:" << std::endl;
            for (const auto& error : formatResult.errors) {
                std::cout << "    ERROR: " << error << std::endl;
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (!formatResult.warnings.empty()) {
            std::cout << "  Format warnings:" << std::endl;
            for (const auto& warning : formatResult.warnings) {
                std::cout << "    WARNING: " << warning << std::endl;
            }
        }

        // Try to parse and validate components
        try {
            auto parsed = RegexTimeParser::parseWithRegex(timeString);

            if (!parsed.isValid) {
                std::cout << "  Parsing failed" << std::endl;
                continue;
            }

            auto validationResult = TimeValidator::validateTime(parsed);

            if (validationResult.isValid) {
                std::cout << "  VALID: " << parsed.year << "-"
                          << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.month << "-"
                          << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.day << " "
                          << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.hour << ":"
                          << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.minute << ":"
                          << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << parsed.second << std::endl;
            } else {
                std::cout << "  INVALID:" << std::endl;
                for (const auto& error : validationResult.errors) {
                    std::cout << "    ERROR: " << error << std::endl;
                }
            }

            if (!validationResult.warnings.empty()) {
                std::cout << "  Warnings:" << std::endl;
                for (const auto& warning : validationResult.warnings) {
                    std::cout << "    WARNING: " << warning << std::endl;
                }
            }

        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            std::cout << "  Parsing error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

// 4. Bulk parsing and error handling
void bulkParsingDemo() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Bulk Parsing with Error Handling ===" << std::endl;

    std::vector<std::string> timeStrings = {
        "2023-12-25 14:30:00",
        "invalid-format",
        "2023-02-29 00:00:00",  // Invalid: not leap year
        "",
        "2023-13-01 12:00:00",  // Invalid month
        "2024-02-29T12:30:45Z", // Valid
        "not-a-time",
        "2023-12-25 25:00:00"   // Invalid hour
    };

    std::vector<std::tm> successfulParses;
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> failures;

    std::cout << "Parsing " << timeStrings.size() << " time strings..." << std::endl;

    for (const auto& timeString : timeStrings) {
        try {
            std::tm timeInfo = TimeParser::parseFlexible(timeString);
            successfulParses.push_back(timeInfo);
            std::cout << "✓ Successfully parsed: '" << timeString << "'" << std::endl;

        } catch (const TimeParseException& e) {
            failures.emplace_back(timeString, e.what());
            std::cout << "✗ Failed to parse: '" << timeString << "' - " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "\nResults:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Successfully parsed: " << successfulParses.size() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Failed to parse: " << failures.size() << std::endl;

    if (!successfulParses.empty()) {
        std::cout << "\nSuccessfully parsed times:" << std::endl;
        for (const auto& timeInfo : successfulParses) {
            std::ostringstream oss;
            oss << std::put_time(&timeInfo, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");
            std::cout << "  " << oss.str() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    if (!failures.empty()) {
        std::cout << "\nFailed parses:" << std::endl;
        for (const auto& [input, error] : failures) {
            std::cout << "  '" << input << "' → " << error << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

// 5. Conversion between time representations
void demonstrateTimeConversion() {
    std::cout << "\n=== Time Representation Conversion ===" << std::endl;

    // Start with a known time string
    std::string timeString = "2023-12-25T14:30:45";

    try {
        // Parse to std::tm
        std::tm timeInfo = TimeParser::parseISO8601(timeString);

        // Convert to different representations
        std::cout << "Original: " << timeString << std::endl;

        // To time_t
        std::time_t timeT = std::mktime(&timeInfo);
        std::cout << "time_t: " << timeT << std::endl;

        // To system_clock time_point
        auto systemTime = std::chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(timeT);
        std::cout << "system_clock: " << systemTime.time_since_epoch().count() << " ticks" << std::endl;

        // To FILETIME (Windows)
        FILETIME fileTime;
        SYSTEMTIME systemTimeWin;

        // Convert tm to SYSTEMTIME
        systemTimeWin.wYear = timeInfo.tm_year + 1900;
        systemTimeWin.wMonth = timeInfo.tm_mon + 1;
        systemTimeWin.wDay = timeInfo.tm_mday;
        systemTimeWin.wHour = timeInfo.tm_hour;
        systemTimeWin.wMinute = timeInfo.tm_min;
        systemTimeWin.wSecond = timeInfo.tm_sec;
        systemTimeWin.wMilliseconds = 0;
        systemTimeWin.wDayOfWeek = timeInfo.tm_wday;

        if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&systemTimeWin, &fileTime)) {
            ULARGE_INTEGER uli;
            uli.LowPart = fileTime.dwLowDateTime;
            uli.HighPart = fileTime.dwHighDateTime;
            std::cout << "FILETIME: " << uli.QuadPart << " (100-nanosecond intervals)" << std::endl;
        }

        // Back to string in different formats
        std::ostringstream isoStream;
        isoStream << std::put_time(&timeInfo, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S");
        std::cout << "Back to ISO string: " << isoStream.str() << std::endl;

        std::ostringstream usStream;
        usStream << std::put_time(&timeInfo, "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p");
        std::cout << "US format: " << usStream.str() << std::endl;

        std::ostringstream readableStream;
        readableStream << std::put_time(&timeInfo, "%A, %B %d, %Y at %I:%M %p");
        std::cout << "Readable: " << readableStream.str() << std::endl;

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "=== C++ Windows Date and Time - Time Parsing ===" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Demonstrating comprehensive time parsing and validation techniques\n" << std::endl;

    try {
        // Run all parsing examples
        demonstrateBasicParsing();
        demonstrateRegexParsing();
        demonstrateValidation();
        bulkParsingDemo();
        demonstrateTimeConversion();

        std::cout << "\nAll time parsing examples completed successfully!" << std::endl;

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Unexpected error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}