Re=1e5, ε=0.0457 mm(商用钢管), D=0.05 m → Colebrook f≈0.021881 商用钢管:ε=0.0457 mm=4.57e-5 m,D=0.05 m → ε/D=0.000914。Colebrook-White 迭代(以 Haaland 为初值)收敛到 f=0.021881;Haaland 近似=0.021664(偏差约 1%)。流态为湍流(Re=1e5 ≥ 4000)。{"result":"Darcy friction factor (Colebrook, turbulent). Re=100000, ε/D=0.000914, D=0.05 m. f = 0.021881 (Haaland: 0.021664). Iterations: 10.","metadata":{"input":{"reynolds":100000,"roughness":0.0457,"roughnessUnit":"mm","diameter":0.05,"diameterUnit":"m","method":"Auto"},"result":{"frictionFactor":0.021881,"frictionFactorLaminar":0.00064,"frictionFactorColebrook":0.021881,"frictionFactorHaaland":0.021664,"reynoldsNumber":100000,"relativeRoughness":0.000914,"absoluteRoughness_m":0.0000457,"diameter_m":0.05,"method":"Colebrook (iterative)","flowRegime":"turbulent","iterations":10}}}
Re=10000, ε=0(光滑管), D=0.1 m → Colebrook f≈0.030883 完全光滑管道(ε=0 → ε/D=0)。Colebrook-White 退化为 1/√f = -2·log10(2.51/(Re·√f)),迭代收敛到 f=0.030883;Haaland 近似=0.030886(几乎相同)。湍流(Re=1e4 ≥ 4000)。{"result":"Darcy friction factor (Colebrook, turbulent). Re=10000, ε/D=0, D=0.1 m. f = 0.030883 (Haaland: 0.030886). Iterations: 12.","metadata":{"input":{"reynolds":10000,"roughness":0,"roughnessUnit":"mm","diameter":0.1,"diameterUnit":"m","method":"Auto"},"result":{"frictionFactor":0.030883,"frictionFactorLaminar":0.0064,"frictionFactorColebrook":0.030883,"frictionFactorHaaland":0.030886,"reynoldsNumber":10000,"relativeRoughness":0,"absoluteRoughness_m":0,"diameter_m":0.1,"method":"Colebrook (iterative)","flowRegime":"turbulent","iterations":12}}}