Химия
Визуализация химических реакций и молекулярных структур
35 visualizations
Buffer Solution - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of buffer solutions - Explore pH calculation using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, titration curves with buffer region marking, conjugate pair (HA and A⁻) molecular animation, acid/base resistance testing, buffer capacity (β) vs pH curves, and common buffer systems (acetate, ammonia, phosphate, carbonate) with adjustable Ka, [A⁻]/[HA] ratio, and concentrations
Hybrid Orbitals Visualization - 杂化轨道可视化
Interactive visualization of atomic orbital hybridization - Explore sp (180° linear), sp² (120° trigonal planar), and sp³ (109.5° tetrahedral) hybrid orbitals with 3D rotating models, electron cloud shapes, bond angle measurements, orbital formation animations from s and p orbitals, and real molecule examples (CH₄, BF₃, BeCl₂, CO₂, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, NH₃, H₂O) with adjustable rotation speed, orbital opacity, formation progress, and display options for axes, labels, and angles
Weak Acid Ionization - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of weak acid ionization - Explore acid dissociation constant Ka, pH calculation, titration curves with strong base, equivalence points, acid-base indicators (phenolphthalein, methyl orange, bromothymol blue), buffer regions, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Ostwald's dilution law, molecular dynamics animation with adjustable acid concentration, Ka value, and titration controls
Le Chatelier's Principle - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of Le Chatelier's Principle - Explore equilibrium shifts, concentration changes, temperature effects (exothermic/endothermic reactions), pressure effects, reaction quotient Q vs equilibrium constant K, Gibbs free energy ΔG, van't Hoff equation, and molecular dynamics animation with adjustable stoichiometry, initial concentrations, and external conditions
Free Radical Chain Reaction - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of free radical chain reaction polymerization - Explore initiation (I → 2R·), propagation (R· + M → RM·), termination (R· + R· → R-R), steady-state approximation, chain growth animation, molecular weight distribution, kinetic chain length, and polymerization rate with adjustable rate constants (kd, kp, kt)
Consecutive Reaction A → B → C - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of consecutive reaction kinetics - explore intermediate concentration peaks, rate-determining steps (k₁ << k₂ vs k₁ >> k₂), maximum intermediate concentration [B]max, and complete evolution of all species A, B, C with animated progression
Reversible Reaction A ⇌ B - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of reversible reaction kinetics - explore forward and reverse reaction rates, equilibrium constant K, concentration changes over time, dynamic equilibrium state, and rate curves with animated progression
Arrhenius Equation - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of the Arrhenius equation - explore temperature effect on reaction rate, activation energy, pre-exponential factor, k-T exponential curve, Arrhenius plot (ln k vs 1/T), and reaction energy diagram with adjustable parameters
Second-Order Reaction - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of second-order reaction kinetics - explore hyperbolic concentration decay, bimolecular collisions, inverse half-life relationship, and concentration comparison curves with adjustable parameters
First-Order Reaction - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of first-order reaction kinetics - explore exponential concentration decay, constant half-life, semi-log plots, and radioactive decay analogy with adjustable parameters
Zero-Order Reaction - Interactive Visualization
Interactive visualization of zero-order reaction kinetics - explore concentration vs time linear decay, constant reaction rate, and half-life behavior with adjustable parameters