Exemplos de Desenvolvimento Raspberry Pi

# Raspberry Pi GPIO Basics with Python
# Required: sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio python3-gpiozero

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
from gpiozero import LED, Button, Buzzer, MotionSensor, LightSensor
import random

# GPIO Setup and Basic LED Control
def basic_led_control():
    """Basic LED control using RPi.GPIO"""

    # Set GPIO mode
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    # LED pin
    LED_PIN = 18

    # Setup LED pin as output
    GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)

    print("Basic LED Control Demo")
    print("LED will blink 5 times...")

    try:
        for i in range(5):
            print(f"Blink {i+1}")
            GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)  # LED ON
            time.sleep(0.5)
            GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.LOW)   # LED OFF
            time.sleep(0.5)
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

# Using gpiozero Library (Simpler)
def gpiozero_led_demo():
    """LED control using gpiozero library"""

    led = LED(18)

    print("GPIOzero LED Demo")
    print("LED patterns:")

    # Simple blink
    led.blink(on_time=0.5, off_time=0.5, n=3)

    # Fade in/out
    led.pulse(fade_in_time=1, fade_out_time=1, n=2)

    # Blinks with custom pattern
    for _ in range(3):
        led.on()
        time.sleep(0.2)
        led.off()
        time.sleep(0.8)

# Button Input Handling
def button_input_demo():
    """Button input handling with RPi.GPIO"""

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    LED_PIN = 18
    BUTTON_PIN = 24

    # Setup pins
    GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

    print("Button Input Demo")
    print("Press the button connected to GPIO 24")
    print("Press Ctrl+C to exit")

    led_state = False

    try:
        while True:
            button_state = GPIO.input(BUTTON_PIN)

            if button_state == GPIO.LOW:  # Button pressed (active low)
                if not led_state:
                    led_state = True
                    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
                    print("Button pressed - LED ON")
            else:
                if led_state:
                    led_state = False
                    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.LOW)
                    print("Button released - LED OFF")

            time.sleep(0.1)

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nExiting...")
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

# Button Interrupts
def button_interrupt_demo():
    """Button handling with interrupts"""

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    LED_PIN = 18
    BUTTON_PIN = 24

    GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

    print("Button Interrupt Demo")
    print("Press button to toggle LED")

    led_state = False

    def button_callback(channel):
        nonlocal led_state
        led_state = not led_state
        GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH if led_state else GPIO.LOW)
        print(f"Button pressed - LED {'ON' if led_state else 'OFF'}")

    # Add event detection with interrupt
    GPIO.add_event_detect(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.FALLING,
                         callback=button_callback, bouncetime=200)

    try:
        print("Press Ctrl+C to exit")
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nExiting...")
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

# PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
def pwm_led_dimming():
    """LED brightness control with PWM"""

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    LED_PIN = 18

    GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)

    # Create PWM instance with 1000 Hz frequency
    pwm = GPIO.PWM(LED_PIN, 1000)

    print("PWM LED Dimming Demo")
    print("LED brightness will fade in and out")

    try:
        pwm.start(0)  # Start with 0% duty cycle

        # Fade in
        for duty in range(0, 101, 5):
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
            print(f"Brightness: {duty}%")
            time.sleep(0.1)

        time.sleep(1)

        # Fade out
        for duty in range(100, -1, -5):
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
            print(f"Brightness: {duty}%")
            time.sleep(0.1)

        # Breathing effect
        print("\nBreathing effect...")
        for _ in range(3):
            for duty in range(0, 101, 2):
                pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
                time.sleep(0.02)
            for duty in range(100, -1, -2):
                pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
                time.sleep(0.02)

    finally:
        pwm.stop()
        GPIO.cleanup()

# Multiple LED Control
def rgb_led_control():
    """RGB LED color control"""

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    # RGB LED pins
    RED_PIN = 18
    GREEN_PIN = 19
    BLUE_PIN = 20

    # Setup pins
    GPIO.setup(RED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(GREEN_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(BLUE_PIN, GPIO.OUT)

    # Create PWM instances
    red_pwm = GPIO.PWM(RED_PIN, 1000)
    green_pwm = GPIO.PWM(GREEN_PIN, 1000)
    blue_pwm = GPIO.PWM(BLUE_PIN, 1000)

    def set_color(r, g, b):
        """Set RGB color (0-255 values)"""
        red_pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(r * 100 // 255)
        green_pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(g * 100 // 255)
        blue_pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(b * 100 // 255)

    print("RGB LED Color Demo")

    red_pwm.start(0)
    green_pwm.start(0)
    blue_pwm.start(0)

    try:
        colors = [
            (255, 0, 0),    # Red
            (0, 255, 0),    # Green
            (0, 0, 255),    # Blue
            (255, 255, 0),  # Yellow
            (255, 0, 255),  # Magenta
            (0, 255, 255),  # Cyan
            (255, 255, 255), # White
        ]

        for r, g, b in colors:
            print(f"Color: RGB({r}, {g}, {b})")
            set_color(r, g, b)
            time.sleep(1)

        # Smooth color transition
        print("\nSmooth color transition...")
        for i in range(360):
            # Convert HSV to RGB
            h = i / 60
            r = int(255 * max(0, min(1, abs(h % 3 - 1.5) - 0.5)))
            g = int(255 * max(0, min(1, abs((h + 2) % 3 - 1.5) - 0.5)))
            b = int(255 * max(0, min(1, abs((h + 4) % 3 - 1.5) - 0.5)))

            set_color(r, g, b)
            time.sleep(0.05)

    finally:
        red_pwm.stop()
        green_pwm.stop()
        blue_pwm.stop()
        GPIO.cleanup()

# Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
def ultrasonic_sensor():
    """Distance measurement with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor"""

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)

    TRIG_PIN = 23
    ECHO_PIN = 24

    GPIO.setup(TRIG_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(ECHO_PIN, GPIO.IN)

    print("HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Demo")
    print("Measuring distance...")

    try:
        while True:
            # Send 10μs pulse to trigger
            GPIO.output(TRIG_PIN, GPIO.LOW)
            time.sleep(0.00001)

            GPIO.output(TRIG_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
            time.sleep(0.00001)
            GPIO.output(TRIG_PIN, GPIO.LOW)

            # Measure echo duration
            pulse_start = None
            pulse_end = None

            timeout = time.time()
            while GPIO.input(ECHO_PIN) == GPIO.LOW:
                pulse_start = time.time()
                if time.time() - timeout > 0.1:  # Timeout
                    break

            if pulse_start is None:
                continue

            timeout = time.time()
            while GPIO.input(ECHO_PIN) == GPIO.HIGH:
                pulse_end = time.time()
                if time.time() - timeout > 0.1:  # Timeout
                    break

            if pulse_end is None:
                continue

            pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start
            distance = pulse_duration * 17150  # Speed of sound = 34300 cm/s
            distance = round(distance, 2)

            print(f"Distance: {distance} cm")

            if distance < 10:
                print("Object detected! Very close!")
            elif distance < 30:
                print("Object nearby")

            time.sleep(0.5)

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nStopping...")
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

# DHT11/DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
def dht_sensor():
    """DHT11/DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor reading"""

    # You'll need to install the library:
    # pip install Adafruit-DHT

    try:
        import Adafruit_DHT
    except ImportError:
        print("Please install Adafruit_DHT library:")
        print("pip install Adafruit-DHT")
        return

    DHT_SENSOR = Adafruit_DHT.DHT22  # Change to DHT11 if using DHT11
    DHT_PIN = 4

    print("DHT22 Temperature & Humidity Sensor Demo")
    print("Reading sensor data...")

    try:
        while True:
            humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(DHT_SENSOR, DHT_PIN)

            if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
                print(f"Temperature: {temperature:.1f}°C")
                print(f"Humidity: {humidity:.1f}%")

                # Weather conditions
                if temperature > 30:
                    print("It's hot!")
                elif temperature < 10:
                    print("It's cold!")

                if humidity > 70:
                    print("High humidity - might rain soon!")
                elif humidity < 30:
                    print("Low humidity - dry air")

                print("-" * 20)
            else:
                print("Failed to retrieve data from sensor")

            time.sleep(2)

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nStopping...")

# Main function to run all demos
def main():
    """Run all GPIO demos"""

    demos = [
        ("Basic LED Control", basic_led_control),
        ("GPIOzero LED Demo", gpiozero_led_demo),
        ("Button Input Demo", button_input_demo),
        ("Button Interrupt Demo", button_interrupt_demo),
        ("PWM LED Dimming", pwm_led_dimming),
        ("RGB LED Control", rgb_led_control),
        ("Ultrasonic Sensor", ultrasonic_sensor),
        ("DHT Sensor", dht_sensor),
    ]

    print("Raspberry Pi GPIO Demo Suite")
    print("=" * 40)

    for i, (name, func) in enumerate(demos, 1):
        print(f"{i}. {name}")

    print(f"{len(demos) + 1}. Run all demos")
    print("0. Exit")

    while True:
        try:
            choice = input("\nEnter your choice: ")
            choice = int(choice)

            if choice == 0:
                break
            elif choice == len(demos) + 1:
                print("\nRunning all demos...")
                for name, func in demos:
                    print(f"\n=== {name} ===")
                    func()
                    print(f"\n{name} completed!")
                    time.sleep(1)
                break
            elif 1 <= choice <= len(demos):
                print(f"\n=== {demos[choice - 1][0]} ===")
                demos[choice - 1][1]()
                print(f"\n{demos[choice - 1][0]} completed!")
            else:
                print("Invalid choice")

        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a valid number")
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print("\nExiting...")
            break

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

// Advanced Raspberry Pi GPIO Control with C++
// Compile with: g++ -o gpio_control gpio_control.cpp -lpigpio -lrt -lpthread
// Install pigpio: sudo apt-get install pigpio

#include <iostream>
#include <pigpio.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <cmath>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// Pin definitions
#define LED_PIN 18
#define BUTTON_PIN 24
#define SERVO_PIN 25
#define TRIG_PIN 23
#define ECHO_PIN 24
#define DHT_PIN 4

// Global flag for graceful shutdown
volatile bool running = true;

// Signal handler for Ctrl+C
void signalHandler(int signum) {
    std::cout << "\nInterrupt signal (" << signum << ") received. Shutting down..." << std::endl;
    running = false;
}

class GPIOController {
private:
    bool initialized;

public:
    GPIOController() : initialized(false) {}

    bool initialize() {
        if (gpioInitialise() < 0) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GPIO" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        initialized = true;
        std::cout << "GPIO initialized successfully" << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    ~GPIOController() {
        if (initialized) {
            gpioTerminate();
            std::cout << "GPIO terminated" << std::endl;
        }
    }
};

class LEDController {
private:
    int pin;
    bool isOn;

public:
    LEDController(int ledPin) : pin(ledPin), isOn(false) {
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_OUTPUT);
        gpioWrite(pin, 0);
    }

    void turnOn() {
        gpioWrite(pin, 1);
        isOn = true;
    }

    void turnOff() {
        gpioWrite(pin, 0);
        isOn = false;
    }

    void toggle() {
        isOn ? turnOff() : turnOn();
    }

    void blink(int times, int onDuration, int offDuration) {
        for (int i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
            turnOn();
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(onDuration));
            turnOff();
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(offDuration));
        }
    }

    void setPWM(unsigned int dutyCycle) {
        gpioPWM(pin, dutyCycle);
    }

    bool getState() const { return isOn; }
    int getPin() const { return pin; }
};

class ServoController {
private:
    int pin;
    int minPulseWidth;
    int maxPulseWidth;
    int currentPulseWidth;

public:
    ServoController(int servoPin) : pin(servoPin), minPulseWidth(500), maxPulseWidth(2500), currentPulseWidth(1500) {
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_OUTPUT);
        gpioSetPWMfrequency(pin, 50); // 50Hz for servos
        gpioSetPWMrange(pin, 20000);  // 20ms range (20000us)
    }

    void setPosition(int angle) {
        // Convert angle (0-180) to pulse width
        int pulseWidth = minPulseWidth + (angle * (maxPulseWidth - minPulseWidth)) / 180;
        currentPulseWidth = pulseWidth;
        gpioServo(pin, pulseWidth);
    }

    void setMicroseconds(int microseconds) {
        if (microseconds >= minPulseWidth && microseconds <= maxPulseWidth) {
            currentPulseWidth = microseconds;
            gpioServo(pin, microseconds);
        }
    }

    void sweep(int startAngle, int endAngle, int steps, int delayMs) {
        int stepSize = (endAngle - startAngle) / steps;

        for (int angle = startAngle; (stepSize > 0 ? angle <= endAngle : angle >= endAngle); angle += stepSize) {
            setPosition(angle);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delayMs));
        }
    }

    int getCurrentPulseWidth() const { return currentPulseWidth; }
};

class ButtonHandler {
private:
    int pin;
    std::function<void()> callback;
    bool lastState;
    int debounceMs;

public:
    ButtonHandler(int buttonPin, std::function<void()> cb, int debounce = 50)
        : pin(buttonPin), callback(cb), lastState(false), debounceMs(debounce) {
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_INPUT);
        gpioSetPullUpDown(pin, PI_PUD_UP);
    }

    void check() {
        bool currentState = (gpioRead(pin) == 0); // Active low

        if (currentState && !lastState) {
            // Button pressed
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(debounceMs));

            if (gpioRead(pin) == 0) { // Still pressed
                callback();
            }
        }

        lastState = currentState;
    }
};

class UltrasonicSensor {
private:
    int triggerPin;
    int echoPin;

public:
    UltrasonicSensor(int trigPin, int echoPin) : triggerPin(trigPin), echoPin(echoPin) {
        gpioSetMode(triggerPin, PI_OUTPUT);
        gpioSetMode(echoPin, PI_INPUT);
        gpioWrite(triggerPin, 0);
    }

    double getDistance() {
        // Send trigger pulse
        gpioWrite(triggerPin, 1);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(10));
        gpioWrite(triggerPin, 0);

        // Wait for echo start
        auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        while (gpioRead(echoPin) == 0) {
            auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
            auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(now - start);
            if (elapsed.count() > 30000) { // 30ms timeout
                return -1;
            }
        }

        // Measure echo duration
        auto echoStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        while (gpioRead(echoPin) == 1) {
            auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
            auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(now - echoStart);
            if (elapsed.count() > 30000) { // 30ms timeout
                return -1;
            }
        }
        auto echoEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

        auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(echoEnd - echoStart);

        // Calculate distance (speed of sound = 343 m/s)
        double distance = (duration.count() * 0.0343) / 2; // in cm

        return distance;
    }

    bool isObjectNear(double threshold = 30.0) {
        double distance = getDistance();
        return (distance > 0 && distance < threshold);
    }
};

// DHT22 Reader (simplified implementation)
class DHT22Reader {
private:
    int pin;
    std::vector<int> bitTimings;

public:
    DHT22Reader(int dhtPin) : pin(dhtPin) {
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_INPUT);
        gpioSetPullUpDown(pin, PI_PUD_UP);
    }

    struct DHT22Data {
        float temperature;
        float humidity;
        bool valid;

        DHT22Data() : temperature(0), humidity(0), valid(false) {}
    };

    DHT22Data readData() {
        DHT22Data data;

        // Send start signal
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_OUTPUT);
        gpioWrite(pin, 0);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
        gpioWrite(pin, 1);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(30));

        // Switch to input and read response
        gpioSetMode(pin, PI_INPUT);

        // Wait for DHT response
        int timeout = 1000;
        while (gpioRead(pin) == 1 && timeout-- > 0) {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(1));
        }

        if (timeout <= 0) {
            return data; // No response
        }

        // Wait for start signal
        timeout = 1000;
        while (gpioRead(pin) == 0 && timeout-- > 0) {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(1));
        }

        timeout = 1000;
        while (gpioRead(pin) == 1 && timeout-- > 0) {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(1));
        }

        // Read 40 bits
        std::vector<int> bits;
        for (int i = 0; i < 40; ++i) {
            // Wait for bit start
            timeout = 1000;
            while (gpioRead(pin) == 0 && timeout-- > 0) {
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(1));
            }

            // Measure high duration
            int highCount = 0;
            while (gpioRead(pin) == 1 && highCount < 100) {
                highCount++;
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(1));
            }

            bits.push_back(highCount > 40 ? 1 : 0);
        }

        // Convert bits to bytes
        if (bits.size() == 40) {
            int humidity = 0, temp = 0;
            int checksum = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                humidity = (humidity << 1) | bits[i];
            }

            for (int i = 16; i < 32; ++i) {
                temp = (temp << 1) | bits[i];
            }

            for (int i = 32; i < 40; ++i) {
                checksum = (checksum << 1) | bits[i];
            }

            // Verify checksum
            int calcChecksum = ((humidity >> 8) + (humidity & 0xFF) +
                              (temp >> 8) + (temp & 0xFF)) & 0xFF;

            if (calcChecksum == checksum) {
                data.humidity = humidity / 10.0;
                // Handle negative temperature
                if (temp & 0x8000) {
                    temp = -(temp & 0x7FFF);
                }
                data.temperature = temp / 10.0;
                data.valid = true;
            }
        }

        return data;
    }
};

// Advanced LED Effects Class
class LEDEffects {
private:
    LEDController redLed;
    LEDController greenLed;
    LEDController blueLed;

public:
    LEDEffects() : redLed(17), greenLed(27), blueLed(22) {}

    void colorCycle(int cycles, int delayMs) {
        for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cycles; ++cycle) {
            // Red to Green
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
                redLed.setPWM(100 - i);
                greenLed.setPWM(i);
                blueLed.setPWM(0);
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delayMs));
            }

            // Green to Blue
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
                redLed.setPWM(0);
                greenLed.setPWM(100 - i);
                blueLed.setPWM(i);
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delayMs));
            }

            // Blue to Red
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
                redLed.setPWM(i);
                greenLed.setPWM(0);
                blueLed.setPWM(100 - i);
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delayMs));
            }
        }
    }

    void policeLight(int duration) {
        auto endTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(duration);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < endTime && running) {
            redLed.setPWM(100);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
            redLed.setPWM(0);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));

            blueLed.setPWM(100);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
            blueLed.setPWM(0);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(300));
        }
    }

    void breathingEffect(int cycles, int speed) {
        for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cycles; ++cycle) {
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
                int brightness = static_cast<int>(100 * (1 + std::sin(i * 3.14159 / 50)) / 2);
                redLed.setPWM(brightness);
                greenLed.setPWM(brightness);
                blueLed.setPWM(brightness);
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(speed));
            }
        }
    }

    void turnOffAll() {
        redLed.setPWM(0);
        greenLed.setPWM(0);
        blueLed.setPWM(0);
    }
};

// Main application class
class PiGPIOApp {
private:
    GPIOController gpio;
    LEDController statusLed;
    ServoController servo;
    UltrasonicSensor ultrasonic;
    DHT22Reader dht22;
    LEDEffects effects;
    ButtonHandler button;

    // Button callback
    void onButtonPress() {
        std::cout << "Button pressed! Toggling LED..." << std::endl;
        statusLed.toggle();
    }

public:
    PiGPIOApp()
        : statusLed(LED_PIN), servo(SERVO_PIN), ultrasonic(TRIG_PIN, ECHO_PIN),
          dht22(DHT_PIN), button(BUTTON_PIN, [this]() { this->onButtonPress(); }) {}

    bool initialize() {
        if (!gpio.initialize()) {
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "GPIO Application initialized successfully" << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    void runDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n=== Raspberry Pi GPIO Advanced Demo ===" << std::endl;

        while (running) {
            std::cout << "\nAvailable demos:" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "1. LED Blink Patterns" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "2. Servo Control" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "3. Ultrasonic Distance Measurement" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "4. DHT22 Temperature/Humidity" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "5. RGB LED Effects" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "6. Button Interactive Demo" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "7. Distance-based Servo Control" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "0. Exit" << std::endl;

            int choice;
            std::cout << "Enter your choice: ";
            std::cin >> choice;

            switch (choice) {
                case 1:
                    ledDemo();
                    break;
                case 2:
                    servoDemo();
                    break;
                case 3:
                    ultrasonicDemo();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    dht22Demo();
                    break;
                case 5:
                    rgbEffectsDemo();
                    break;
                case 6:
                    buttonDemo();
                    break;
                case 7:
                    distanceServoDemo();
                    break;
                case 0:
                    running = false;
                    break;
                default:
                    std::cout << "Invalid choice!" << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

private:
    void ledDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- LED Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Blinking LED 5 times..." << std::endl;
        statusLed.blink(5, 500, 500);

        std::cout << "PWM fade effect..." << std::endl;
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) {
            statusLed.setPWM(i);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
        }
        for (int i = 100; i >= 0; i -= 10) {
            statusLed.setPWM(i);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
        }
        statusLed.turnOff();
    }

    void servoDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- Servo Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Sweeping servo from 0 to 180 degrees..." << std::endl;

        servo.sweep(0, 180, 18, 50);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));

        std::cout << "Sweeping back from 180 to 0 degrees..." << std::endl;
        servo.sweep(180, 0, 18, 50);

        std::cout << "Setting servo to 90 degrees..." << std::endl;
        servo.setPosition(90);
    }

    void ultrasonicDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- Ultrasonic Sensor Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Measuring distance for 10 seconds..." << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press Ctrl+C to stop" << std::endl;

        auto endTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(10);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < endTime && running) {
            double distance = ultrasonic.getDistance();

            if (distance > 0) {
                std::cout << "Distance: " << distance << " cm" << std::endl;

                if (distance < 10) {
                    statusLed.turnOn();
                } else {
                    statusLed.turnOff();
                }
            } else {
                std::cout << "Reading failed" << std::endl;
            }

            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
        }

        statusLed.turnOff();
    }

    void dht22Demo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- DHT22 Sensor Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Reading temperature and humidity..." << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press Ctrl+C to stop" << std::endl;

        auto endTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(30);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < endTime && running) {
            auto data = dht22.readData();

            if (data.valid) {
                std::cout << "Temperature: " << data.temperature << "°C, ";
                std::cout << "Humidity: " << data.humidity << "%" << std::endl;
            } else {
                std::cout << "Failed to read DHT22 data" << std::endl;
            }

            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000));
        }
    }

    void rgbEffectsDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- RGB LED Effects Demo ---" << std::endl;

        std::cout << "Color cycling..." << std::endl;
        effects.colorCycle(2, 10);

        std::cout << "Police lights..." << std::endl;
        effects.policeLight(3);

        std::cout << "Breathing effect..." << std::endl;
        effects.breathingEffect(3, 20);

        effects.turnOffAll();
    }

    void buttonDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- Button Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press the button to toggle the LED..." << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press Ctrl+C to stop" << std::endl;

        auto endTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(30);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < endTime && running) {
            button.check();
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        }

        statusLed.turnOff();
    }

    void distanceServoDemo() {
        std::cout << "\n--- Distance-based Servo Control Demo ---" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Servo will move based on distance measurement" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press Ctrl+C to stop" << std::endl;

        auto endTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(30);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < endTime && running) {
            double distance = ultrasonic.getDistance();

            if (distance > 0 && distance <= 50) {
                // Map distance (0-50cm) to servo angle (0-180 degrees)
                int angle = static_cast<int>((distance / 50.0) * 180.0);
                servo.setPosition(angle);

                std::cout << "Distance: " << distance << " cm -> Servo: " << angle << "°" << std::endl;
            }

            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    // Set up signal handler
    signal(SIGINT, signalHandler);

    try {
        PiGPIOApp app;

        if (!app.initialize()) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to initialize application" << std::endl;
            return 1;
        }

        app.runDemo();

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    std::cout << "Application exited gracefully" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

# Raspberry Pi IoT Weather Station
# Complete weather monitoring system with web dashboard and cloud integration

import time
import json
import sqlite3
import threading
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import requests
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import logging
from pathlib import Path

# GPIO and sensor libraries
try:
    import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
    import Adafruit_DHT
    import smbus2
    from w1thermsensor import W1ThermSensor
except ImportError as e:
    print(f"Missing library: {e}")
    print("Install with: pip install RPi.GPIO Adafruit-DHT smbus2 w1thermsensor paho-mqtt requests")
    exit(1)

# Configuration
CONFIG = {
    'sensors': {
        'dht_pin': 4,
        'bmp_i2c_address': 0x76,  # BMP280 or BME280
        'light_pin': 18,
        'rain_pin': 23,
        'wind_speed_pin': 24,
        'wind_direction_pin': 25,
        'one_wire_sensors': True,
    },
    'database': {
        'path': 'weather_station.db',
        'retention_days': 30,
    },
    'mqtt': {
        'broker': 'localhost',
        'port': 1883,
        'username': '',
        'password': '',
        'topic': 'weather/station',
        'enabled': True,
    },
    'web_server': {
        'host': '0.0.0.0',
        'port': 8080,
        'enabled': True,
    },
    'cloud_apis': {
        'weathercloud': {
            'url': 'https://api.weathercloud.com/v1/submit',
            'api_key': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
            'enabled': False,
        },
        'thingspeak': {
            'url': 'https://api.thingspeak.com/update',
            'api_key': 'YOUR_THINGSPEAK_KEY',
            'enabled': False,
        }
    },
    'readings': {
        'interval_seconds': 30,
        'averaging_window': 5,  # Take 5 readings and average
    }
}

# Logging setup
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    handlers=[
        logging.FileHandler('weather_station.log'),
        logging.StreamHandler()
    ]
)
logger = logging.getLogger('WeatherStation')

@dataclass
class WeatherData:
    timestamp: datetime
    temperature: float
    humidity: float
    pressure: float
    light_level: float
    rain_detected: bool
    wind_speed: float
    wind_direction: float
    uv_index: float = 0.0
    battery_voltage: float = 0.0

class DatabaseManager:
    def __init__(self, db_path: str):
        self.db_path = db_path
        self.init_database()

    def init_database(self):
        """Initialize SQLite database"""
        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
            conn.execute('''
                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS weather_readings (
                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                    timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
                    temperature REAL,
                    humidity REAL,
                    pressure REAL,
                    light_level REAL,
                    rain_detected BOOLEAN,
                    wind_speed REAL,
                    wind_direction REAL,
                    uv_index REAL,
                    battery_voltage REAL
                )
            ''')

            conn.execute('''
                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS daily_summary (
                    date DATE PRIMARY KEY,
                    avg_temperature REAL,
                    max_temperature REAL,
                    min_temperature REAL,
                    avg_humidity REAL,
                    avg_pressure REAL,
                    total_rain_minutes INTEGER,
                    max_wind_speed REAL,
                    readings_count INTEGER
                )
            ''')

            conn.commit()
            logger.info("Database initialized")

    def insert_reading(self, data: WeatherData):
        """Insert weather reading into database"""
        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
            conn.execute('''
                INSERT INTO weather_readings
                (timestamp, temperature, humidity, pressure, light_level,
                 rain_detected, wind_speed, wind_direction, uv_index, battery_voltage)
                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ''', (
                data.timestamp.isoformat(),
                data.temperature,
                data.humidity,
                data.pressure,
                data.light_level,
                data.rain_detected,
                data.wind_speed,
                data.wind_direction,
                data.uv_index,
                data.battery_voltage
            ))
            conn.commit()

    def get_recent_readings(self, hours: int = 24) -> List[Dict]:
        """Get recent weather readings"""
        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
            conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
            cursor = conn.execute('''
                SELECT * FROM weather_readings
                WHERE timestamp > datetime('now', '-{} hours')
                ORDER BY timestamp DESC
            '''.format(hours))

            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]

    def get_daily_summary(self, date: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
        """Get daily weather summary"""
        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
            conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
            cursor = conn.execute('''
                SELECT * FROM daily_summary WHERE date = ?
            ''', (date,))

            row = cursor.fetchone()
            return dict(row) if row else None

    def cleanup_old_data(self, retention_days: int):
        """Remove old data beyond retention period"""
        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
            conn.execute('''
                DELETE FROM weather_readings
                WHERE timestamp < datetime('now', '-{} days')
            '''.format(retention_days))
            conn.commit()
            logger.info(f"Cleaned up data older than {retention_days} days")

class MQTTPublisher:
    def __init__(self, config: Dict):
        self.config = config
        self.client = mqtt.Client()
        self.connected = False

        if config.get('username') and config.get('password'):
            self.client.username_pw_set(config['username'], config['password'])

        self.client.on_connect = self.on_connect
        self.client.on_disconnect = self.on_disconnect

    def on_connect(self, client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            self.connected = True
            logger.info("Connected to MQTT broker")
        else:
            logger.error(f"Failed to connect to MQTT broker: {rc}")

    def on_disconnect(self, client, userdata, rc):
        self.connected = False
        logger.warning(f"Disconnected from MQTT broker: {rc}")

    def connect(self):
        """Connect to MQTT broker"""
        try:
            self.client.connect(self.config['broker'], self.config['port'], 60)
            self.client.loop_start()
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"MQTT connection failed: {e}")
            return False

    def publish_data(self, data: WeatherData):
        """Publish weather data to MQTT topic"""
        if not self.connected:
            return False

        try:
            payload = json.dumps({
                'timestamp': data.timestamp.isoformat(),
                'temperature': data.temperature,
                'humidity': data.humidity,
                'pressure': data.pressure,
                'light': data.light_level,
                'rain': data.rain_detected,
                'wind_speed': data.wind_speed,
                'wind_direction': data.wind_direction
            })

            result = self.client.publish(
                self.config['topic'],
                payload,
                qos=1,
                retain=False
            )

            return result.rc == mqtt.MQTT_ERR_SUCCESS
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to publish MQTT data: {e}")
            return False

class CloudPublisher:
    def __init__(self, config: Dict):
        self.config = config
        self.session = requests.Session()
        self.session.headers.update({
            'User-Agent': 'RaspberryPi-WeatherStation/1.0'
        })

    def publish_to_weathercloud(self, data: WeatherData):
        """Publish data to WeatherCloud API"""
        if not self.config['weathercloud']['enabled']:
            return False

        try:
            payload = {
                'api_key': self.config['weathercloud']['api_key'],
                'timestamp': data.timestamp.isoformat(),
                'temperature_c': data.temperature,
                'humidity_percent': data.humidity,
                'pressure_hpa': data.pressure,
                'light_lux': data.light_level,
                'wind_speed_ms': data.wind_speed,
                'wind_direction_deg': data.wind_direction,
                'rain_detected': data.rain_detected,
                'uv_index': data.uv_index
            }

            response = self.session.post(
                self.config['weathercloud']['url'],
                json=payload,
                timeout=10
            )

            if response.status_code == 200:
                logger.info("Data published to WeatherCloud successfully")
                return True
            else:
                logger.error(f"WeatherCloud API error: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")
                return False

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"WeatherCloud publishing failed: {e}")
            return False

    def publish_to_thingspeak(self, data: WeatherData):
        """Publish data to ThingSpeak"""
        if not self.config['thingspeak']['enabled']:
            return False

        try:
            payload = {
                'api_key': self.config['thingspeak']['api_key'],
                'field1': data.temperature,
                'field2': data.humidity,
                'field3': data.pressure,
                'field4': data.light_level,
                'field5': data.wind_speed,
                'field6': data.wind_direction,
                'field7': 1 if data.rain_detected else 0,
                'field8': data.uv_index
            }

            response = self.session.post(
                self.config['thingspeak']['url'],
                data=payload,
                timeout=10
            )

            if response.status_code == 200:
                logger.info("Data published to ThingSpeak successfully")
                return True
            else:
                logger.error(f"ThingSpeak API error: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")
                return False

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"ThingSpeak publishing failed: {e}")
            return False

class SensorManager:
    def __init__(self, config: Dict):
        self.config = config['sensors']
        self.setup_gpio()
        self.setup_sensors()

    def setup_gpio(self):
        """Setup GPIO pins"""
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        GPIO.setwarnings(False)

        # Setup rain sensor (digital input)
        if 'rain_pin' in self.config:
            GPIO.setup(self.config['rain_pin'], GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

        # Setup light sensor (analog via MCP3008 would be better, but using digital for demo)
        if 'light_pin' in self.config:
            GPIO.setup(self.config['light_pin'], GPIO.IN)

        # Setup wind speed sensor
        if 'wind_speed_pin' in self.config:
            GPIO.setup(self.config['wind_speed_pin'], GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

        # Setup wind direction sensor
        if 'wind_direction_pin' in self.config:
            GPIO.setup(self.config['wind_direction_pin'], GPIO.IN)

    def setup_sensors(self):
        """Initialize sensor objects"""
        try:
            # DHT22 sensor
            if 'dht_pin' in self.config:
                self.dht_sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT22

            # BMP280/BME280 sensor (pressure)
            if 'bmp_i2c_address' in self.config:
                self.bmp_i2c = smbus2.SMBus(1)
                self.bmp_address = self.config['bmp_i2c_address']

            # DS18B20 temperature sensors
            if self.config.get('one_wire_sensors', False):
                self.temp_sensors = W1ThermSensor.get_available_sensors()
                logger.info(f"Found {len(self.temp_sensors)} temperature sensors")
            else:
                self.temp_sensors = []

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Sensor setup failed: {e}")
            self.dht_sensor = None
            self.bmp_i2c = None
            self.temp_sensors = []

    def read_dht22(self) -> Optional[tuple]:
        """Read DHT22 sensor"""
        if not self.dht_sensor:
            return None

        try:
            humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(
                self.dht_sensor,
                self.config['dht_pin'],
                retries=3,
                delay_seconds=2
            )

            if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
                return (temperature, humidity)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"DHT22 read error: {e}")

        return None

    def read_bmp280(self) -> Optional[float]:
        """Read BMP280/BME280 pressure sensor"""
        if not hasattr(self, 'bmp_i2c'):
            return None

        try:
            # This is a simplified example - real implementation would need proper BMP280 library
            # For demo, we'll simulate pressure readings
            import random
            pressure = 1013.25 + random.uniform(-10, 10)
            return pressure
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"BMP280 read error: {e}")
            return None

    def read_light_level(self) -> float:
        """Read light sensor level"""
        if 'light_pin' not in self.config:
            return 0.0

        try:
            # This would normally use an ADC for analog light sensor
            # For demo, we'll simulate with time-based value
            import random
            hour = datetime.now().hour
            base_light = max(0, 100 - abs(12 - hour) * 8)  # Peak at noon
            variation = random.uniform(-20, 20)
            return max(0, min(100, base_light + variation))
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Light sensor read error: {e}")
            return 0.0

    def read_rain_sensor(self) -> bool:
        """Read rain detection sensor"""
        if 'rain_pin' not in self.config:
            return False

        try:
            return GPIO.input(self.config['rain_pin']) == GPIO.LOW
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Rain sensor read error: {e}")
            return False

    def read_wind_speed(self) -> float:
        """Read wind speed sensor"""
        if 'wind_speed_pin' not in self.config:
            return 0.0

        try:
            # This would normally count pulses over time
            # For demo, we'll simulate wind speed
            import random
            return random.uniform(0, 20)  # 0-20 m/s
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Wind speed sensor read error: {e}")
            return 0.0

    def read_wind_direction(self) -> float:
        """Read wind direction sensor"""
        if 'wind_direction_pin' not in self.config:
            return 0.0

        try:
            # This would normally use an ADC or multiple digital inputs
            # For demo, we'll simulate direction
            import random
            return random.uniform(0, 360)  # 0-360 degrees
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Wind direction sensor read error: {e}")
            return 0.0

    def read_temperature_sensors(self) -> List[float]:
        """Read all temperature sensors"""
        temperatures = []

        for sensor in self.temp_sensors:
            try:
                temp = sensor.get_temperature()
                temperatures.append(temp)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Temperature sensor read error: {e}")

        return temperatures

    def read_all_sensors(self) -> Optional[WeatherData]:
        """Read all sensors and return consolidated data"""
        readings_count = 0
        temp_sum = 0.0
        humidity_sum = 0.0
        pressure_sum = 0.0
        light_sum = 0.0
        wind_speed_sum = 0.0
        wind_direction_sum = 0.0
        rain_count = 0

        # Take multiple readings for averaging
        for _ in range(CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window']):
            # DHT22 readings
            dht_data = self.read_dht22()
            if dht_data:
                temp_sum += dht_data[0]
                humidity_sum += dht_data[1]
                readings_count += 1

            # Pressure reading
            pressure = self.read_bmp280()
            if pressure:
                pressure_sum += pressure

            # Light level
            light_sum += self.read_light_level()

            # Wind readings
            wind_speed_sum += self.read_wind_speed()
            wind_direction_sum += self.read_wind_direction()

            # Rain detection
            if self.read_rain_sensor():
                rain_count += 1

            time.sleep(0.1)  # Small delay between readings

        if readings_count == 0:
            return None

        # Calculate averages
        temperature = temp_sum / readings_count
        humidity = humidity_sum / readings_count
        pressure = pressure_sum / CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window'] if pressure_sum > 0 else 1013.25
        light_level = light_sum / CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window']
        wind_speed = wind_speed_sum / CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window']
        wind_direction = wind_direction_sum / CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window']
        rain_detected = rain_count > CONFIG['readings']['averaging_window'] // 2

        # Add DS18B20 sensor readings if available
        ds18b20_temps = self.read_temperature_sensors()
        if ds18b20_temps:
            # Average with DHT reading if available
            temperature = (temperature + sum(ds18b20_temps) / len(ds18b20_temps)) / 2

        return WeatherData(
            timestamp=datetime.now(),
            temperature=round(temperature, 2),
            humidity=round(humidity, 2),
            pressure=round(pressure, 2),
            light_level=round(light_level, 2),
            rain_detected=rain_detected,
            wind_speed=round(wind_speed, 2),
            wind_direction=round(wind_direction, 2),
            uv_index=0.0,  # Would need UV sensor
            battery_voltage=0.0  # Would need battery monitoring
        )

class WeatherStation:
    def __init__(self):
        self.sensor_manager = SensorManager(CONFIG)
        self.database = DatabaseManager(CONFIG['database']['path'])
        self.mqtt_publisher = MQTTPublisher(CONFIG['mqtt']) if CONFIG['mqtt']['enabled'] else None
        self.cloud_publisher = CloudPublisher(CONFIG['cloud_apis'])

        self.running = False
        self.last_cleanup = datetime.now()

    def start(self):
        """Start the weather station"""
        logger.info("Starting Weather Station...")

        # Connect to MQTT if enabled
        if self.mqtt_publisher and not self.mqtt_publisher.connect():
            logger.warning("MQTT connection failed, continuing without MQTT")

        self.running = True

        # Start main reading loop in thread
        self.reading_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.reading_loop)
        self.reading_thread.daemon = True
        self.reading_thread.start()

        # Start cleanup thread
        self.cleanup_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.cleanup_loop)
        self.cleanup_thread.daemon = True
        self.cleanup_thread.start()

        logger.info("Weather Station started successfully")

    def reading_loop(self):
        """Main sensor reading loop"""
        while self.running:
            try:
                # Read all sensors
                weather_data = self.sensor_manager.read_all_sensors()

                if weather_data:
                    # Store in database
                    self.database.insert_reading(weather_data)

                    # Publish to MQTT
                    if self.mqtt_publisher:
                        self.mqtt_publisher.publish_data(weather_data)

                    # Publish to cloud APIs
                    threading.Thread(
                        target=self.publish_to_cloud,
                        args=(weather_data,),
                        daemon=True
                    ).start()

                    logger.info(f"Weather reading: {weather_data.temperature}°C, "
                              f"{weather_data.humidity}% RH, {weather_data.pressure} hPa")

                # Wait for next reading
                time.sleep(CONFIG['readings']['interval_seconds'])

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error in reading loop: {e}")
                time.sleep(5)  # Wait before retrying

    def cleanup_loop(self):
        """Periodic cleanup of old data"""
        while self.running:
            try:
                # Cleanup old data daily
                if datetime.now() - self.last_cleanup > timedelta(days=1):
                    self.database.cleanup_old_data(CONFIG['database']['retention_days'])
                    self.last_cleanup = datetime.now()
                    logger.info("Database cleanup completed")

                # Sleep for 1 hour
                time.sleep(3600)

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error in cleanup loop: {e}")
                time.sleep(3600)

    def publish_to_cloud(self, data: WeatherData):
        """Publish data to cloud APIs"""
        try:
            # WeatherCloud
            if CONFIG['cloud_apis']['weathercloud']['enabled']:
                self.cloud_publisher.publish_to_weathercloud(data)

            # ThingSpeak
            if CONFIG['cloud_apis']['thingspeak']['enabled']:
                self.cloud_publisher.publish_to_thingspeak(data)

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Cloud publishing error: {e}")

    def stop(self):
        """Stop the weather station"""
        logger.info("Stopping Weather Station...")
        self.running = False

        if self.mqtt_publisher:
            self.mqtt_publisher.client.loop_stop()
            self.mqtt_publisher.client.disconnect()

        # Cleanup GPIO
        GPIO.cleanup()

        logger.info("Weather Station stopped")

class WebDashboard:
    """Simple web dashboard for weather station"""

    def __init__(self, weather_station: WeatherStation):
        self.weather_station = weather_station
        self.database = weather_station.database

    def generate_html_report(self) -> str:
        """Generate HTML report of current weather data"""
        recent_data = self.database.get_recent_readings(hours=24)

        if not recent_data:
            return "<html><body><h1>No data available</h1></body></html>"

        latest = recent_data[0]

        html = f"""
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html>
        <head>
            <title>Weather Station Dashboard</title>
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
            <style>
                body {{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; }}
                .header {{ text-align: center; color: #333; }}
                .current {{ background: #f0f8ff; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; margin: 20px 0; }}
                .current h2 {{ color: #2c3e50; }}
                .metric {{ display: inline-block; margin: 10px 20px; text-align: center; }}
                .metric-value {{ font-size: 2em; font-weight: bold; color: #3498db; }}
                .metric-label {{ font-size: 0.9em; color: #7f8c8d; }}
                .status {{ color: #27ae60; }}
                .warning {{ color: #f39c12; }}
                .danger {{ color: #e74c3c; }}
            </style>
            <script>
                function refreshData() {{ location.reload(); }}
                setInterval(refreshData, 60000); // Refresh every minute
            </script>
        </head>
        <body>
            <div class="header">
                <h1>🌤️ Weather Station Dashboard</h1>
                <p>Last updated: {latest['timestamp']}</p>
            </div>

            <div class="current">
                <h2>Current Conditions</h2>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['temperature']}°C</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Temperature</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['humidity']}%</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Humidity</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['pressure']} hPa</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Pressure</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['light_level']}</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Light Level</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['wind_speed']} m/s</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Wind Speed</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value">{latest['wind_direction']}°</div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Wind Direction</div>
                </div>
                <div class="metric">
                    <div class="metric-value {'rain' if latest['rain_detected'] else 'no-rain'}">
                        {'🌧️ Yes' if latest['rain_detected'] else '☀️ No'}
                    </div>
                    <div class="metric-label">Rain Detected</div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 20px;">
                <button onclick="refreshData()">Refresh Data</button>
            </div>
        </body>
        </html>
        """

        return html

def main():
    """Main application entry point"""
    print("🌤️ Raspberry Pi IoT Weather Station")
    print("=" * 50)

    try:
        # Initialize weather station
        weather_station = WeatherStation()

        # Start weather station
        weather_station.start()

        # Create web dashboard
        dashboard = WebDashboard(weather_station)

        # Generate HTML report
        html_report = dashboard.generate_html_report()

        # Save to file (could be served by a web server)
        with open('weather_dashboard.html', 'w') as f:
            f.write(html_report)

        print("Weather station started successfully!")
        print(f"Dashboard available at: weather_dashboard.html")
        print(f"Database: {CONFIG['database']['path']}")
        print(f"MQTT enabled: {CONFIG['mqtt']['enabled']}")
        print("Press Ctrl+C to stop...")

        # Keep running until interrupted
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nShutting down...")
        weather_station.stop()
        print("Weather station stopped gracefully")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

#!/bin/bash
# Raspberry Pi Cluster Setup and Management Script
# Complete automation for setting up a multi-node Raspberry Pi cluster

set -e

# Configuration
CLUSTER_NAME="pi-cluster"
MASTER_NODE="pi-master"
WORKER_NODES=("pi-worker1" "pi-worker2" "pi-worker3")
NETWORK_SUBNET="192.168.1.0/24"
MASTER_IP="192.168.1.100"
START_WORKER_IP=101
SSH_KEY_PATH="$HOME/.ssh/pi_cluster_key"
KUBERNETES_VERSION="v1.28.0"

# Colors for output
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

# Logging function
log() {
    echo -e "${GREEN}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1${NC}"
}

warn() {
    echo -e "${YELLOW}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] WARNING: $1${NC}"
}

error() {
    echo -e "${RED}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ERROR: $1${NC}"
    exit 1
}

# Check dependencies
check_dependencies() {
    log "Checking dependencies..."

    command -v ssh >/dev/null 2>&1 || error "SSH not installed"
    command -v scp >/dev/null 2>&1 || error "SCP not installed"
    command -v ping >/dev/null 2>&1 || error "Ping not installed"

    # Check if running on Raspberry Pi
    if ! grep -q "Raspberry Pi" /proc/cpuinfo; then
        warn "Not running on Raspberry Pi. Some features may not work."
    fi

    log "Dependencies check completed"
}

# Setup SSH keys for cluster communication
setup_ssh_keys() {
    log "Setting up SSH keys for cluster communication..."

    # Generate SSH key if doesn't exist
    if [[ ! -f "${SSH_KEY_PATH}" ]]; then
        log "Generating SSH key pair..."
        ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f "${SSH_KEY_PATH}" -N ""
        log "SSH key generated at ${SSH_KEY_PATH}"
    fi

    # Set correct permissions
    chmod 600 "${SSH_KEY_PATH}"
    chmod 644 "${SSH_KEY_PATH}.pub"

    # Copy to local authorized_keys
    mkdir -p "$HOME/.ssh"
    cat "${SSH_KEY_PATH}.pub" >> "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"
    chmod 600 "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"

    log "SSH keys setup completed"
}

# Configure network settings
configure_network() {
    log "Configuring network settings..."

    # Update /etc/hosts
    sudo tee -a /etc/hosts > /dev/null << EOF
# Raspberry Pi Cluster
${MASTER_IP}    ${MASTER_NODE}
EOF

    local worker_ip="${START_WORKER_IP}"
    for worker in "${WORKER_NODES[@]}"; do
        sudo tee -a /etc/hosts > /dev/null << EOF
${NETWORK_SUBNET%.*}.${worker_ip}    ${worker}
EOF
        ((worker_ip++))
    done

    log "Network configuration completed"
}

# Install cluster software dependencies
install_cluster_software() {
    log "Installing cluster software dependencies..."

    # Update system
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt upgrade -y

    # Install essential packages
    sudo apt install -y \
        docker.io \
        docker-compose \
        kubectl \
        kubeadm \
        kubelet \
        kubernetes-cni \
        avahi-daemon \
        nfs-common \
        curl \
        wget \
        git \
        htop \
        iotop \
        nethogs \
        python3 \
        python3-pip \
        python3-venv

    # Install Docker Compose (newer version)
    sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

    # Add user to docker group
    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

    # Enable and start services
    sudo systemctl enable docker
    sudo systemctl start docker

    # Enable container features for Kubernetes
    if grep -q "cgroup" /boot/cmdline.txt; then
        log "cgroup already configured"
    else
        log "Configuring cgroups for Kubernetes..."
        sudo tee -a /boot/cmdline.txt > /dev/null << EOF
cgroup_enable=cpuset cgroup_memory=1 cgroup_enable=memory
EOF
    fi

    log "Cluster software installation completed"
}

# Setup Kubernetes master node
setup_kubernetes_master() {
    log "Setting up Kubernetes master node..."

    # Initialize Kubernetes cluster
    sudo kubeadm init \
        --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
        --apiserver-advertise-address=${MASTER_IP} \
        --ignore-preflight-errors=all

    # Setup kubectl for user
    mkdir -p "$HOME/.kube"
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf "$HOME/.kube/config"
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) "$HOME/.kube/config"

    # Install Flannel CNI (network plugin)
    kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

    # Remove master taint to allow pods on master (for small clusters)
    kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

    # Generate join command for worker nodes
    JOIN_COMMAND=$(sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command)
    echo "${JOIN_COMMAND}" > /tmp/k8s-join-command.sh
    chmod +x /tmp/k8s-join-command.sh

    log "Kubernetes master setup completed"
    log "Worker join command saved to /tmp/k8s-join-command.sh"
}

# Setup Docker Swarm (alternative to Kubernetes)
setup_docker_swarm() {
    log "Setting up Docker Swarm..."

    # Initialize Docker Swarm
    sudo docker swarm init --advertise-addr ${MASTER_IP}

    # Get join token for workers
    JOIN_TOKEN=$(sudo docker swarm join-token worker | grep -v "This node")

    # Save join commands
    echo "${JOIN_TOKEN}" > /tmp/docker-swarm-join-worker.sh
    chmod +x /tmp/docker-swarm-join-worker.sh

    # Create overlay network for cluster communication
    sudo docker network create --driver overlay --attachable cluster-network

    log "Docker Swarm setup completed"
    log "Worker join command saved to /tmp/docker-swarm-join-worker.sh"
}

# Deploy monitoring stack (Prometheus + Grafana)
deploy_monitoring() {
    log "Deploying monitoring stack..."

    # Create monitoring namespace
    kubectl create namespace monitoring --dry-run=client -o yaml | kubectl apply -f -

    # Deploy Prometheus
    kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/main/bundle.yaml

    # Deploy Grafana
    cat > /tmp/grafana-deployment.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        env:
        - name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD
          value: "admin"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana-service
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  selector:
    app: grafana
  ports:
  - port: 3000
    targetPort: 3000
  type: NodePort
EOF

    kubectl apply -f /tmp/grafana-deployment.yaml

    log "Monitoring stack deployment completed"
}

# Create cluster management scripts
create_management_scripts() {
    log "Creating cluster management scripts..."

    # Cluster status script
    cat > /usr/local/bin/cluster-status << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
echo "=== Raspberry Pi Cluster Status ==="
echo ""
echo "System Information:"
echo "Hostname: $(hostname)"
echo "OS: $(lsb_release -d | cut -f2)"
echo "Kernel: $(uname -r)"
echo "Uptime: $(uptime -p)"
echo ""
echo "Resource Usage:"
echo "CPU Load: $(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}')"
echo "Memory Usage: $(free -h | awk 'NR==2{printf "%.1f%%", $3*100/$2}')"
echo "Disk Usage: $(df -h / | awk 'NR==2{print $5}')"
echo "Temperature: $(vcgencmd measure_temp | cut -d'=' -f2)"
echo ""
if command -v kubectl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Kubernetes Status:"
    kubectl get nodes 2>/dev/null || echo "Kubernetes not running"
fi
if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Docker Status:"
    docker info 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Nodes|Images|Containers" || echo "Docker not running"
fi
EOF

    # Cluster deployment script
    cat > /usr/local/bin/deploy-to-cluster << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
    echo "Usage: deploy-to-cluster <deployment-file.yaml>"
    exit 1
fi

DEPLOYMENT_FILE="$1"

echo "Deploying to cluster..."
kubectl apply -f "$DEPLOYMENT_FILE"

echo "Checking deployment status..."
kubectl rollout status deployment/$(basename "$DEPLOYMENT_FILE" .yaml) 2>/dev/null || true
kubectl get pods -l app=$(basename "$DEPLOYMENT_FILE" .yaml)
EOF

    # Scale cluster script
    cat > /usr/local/bin/scale-cluster << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $# -lt 2 ]]; then
    echo "Usage: scale-cluster <deployment-name> <replicas>"
    exit 1
fi

DEPLOYMENT="$1"
REPLICAS="$2"

echo "Scaling $DEPLOYMENT to $REPLICAS replicas..."
kubectl scale deployment "$DEPLOYMENT" --replicas="$REPLICAS"
kubectl rollout status deployment/"$DEPLOYMENT"
EOF

    # Make scripts executable
    sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cluster-status
    sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/deploy-to-cluster
    sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/scale-cluster

    log "Cluster management scripts created"
}

# Setup distributed file system (NFS)
setup_nfs_server() {
    log "Setting up NFS server..."

    # Install NFS server
    sudo apt install -y nfs-kernel-server

    # Create shared directory
    sudo mkdir -p /shared/cluster
    sudo chown nobody:nogroup /shared/cluster
    sudo chmod 777 /shared/cluster

    # Configure NFS exports
    sudo tee -a /etc/exports > /dev/null << EOF
/shared/cluster    ${NETWORK_SUBNET}(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
EOF

    # Export NFS directory
    sudo exportfs -a
    sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
    sudo systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server

    log "NFS server setup completed"
}

# Create sample distributed applications
create_sample_apps() {
    log "Creating sample distributed applications..."

    # Web server deployment
    cat > /tmp/web-cluster.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: web-cluster
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web-cluster
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: web-cluster
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: web-server
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "64Mi"
            cpu: "50m"
          limits:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "100m"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web-cluster-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: web-cluster
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  type: LoadBalancer
EOF

    # Distributed computation job
    cat > /tmp/computation-job.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: distributed-computation
spec:
  parallelism: 4
  completions: 4
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: compute
        image: python:3-alpine
        command: ["python3", "-c", "print('Computing on node:', __import__('socket').gethostname())"]
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "32Mi"
            cpu: "10m"
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
EOF

    # Save sample applications
    mv /tmp/web-cluster.yaml ./web-cluster.yaml
    mv /tmp/computation-job.yaml ./computation-job.yaml

    log "Sample applications created: web-cluster.yaml, computation-job.yaml"
}

# Performance testing
run_performance_tests() {
    log "Running cluster performance tests..."

    # CPU benchmark
    cat > /tmp/cpu-benchmark.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: cpu-benchmark
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: cpu-test
        image: alpine
        command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
        args:
        - |
          echo "Starting CPU benchmark..."
          result=$(dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 2>&1 | grep -o '[0-9.]* MB/s')
          echo "CPU Performance: $result"
          echo "Node: $(hostname)"
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
EOF

    # Network benchmark
    cat > /tmp/network-benchmark.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: network-benchmark
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: network-test
        image: alpine
        command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
        args:
        - |
          apk add --no-cache iperf3
          echo "Network benchmark results:"
          ping -c 4 8.8.8.8
          echo "---"
          iperf3 -c iperf.he.net -t 10 || echo "Network test completed"
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
EOF

    # Deploy benchmarks
    kubectl apply -f /tmp/cpu-benchmark.yaml
    kubectl apply -f /tmp/network-benchmark.yaml

    log "Performance tests deployed"
    log "Check results with: kubectl logs job/cpu-benchmark && kubectl logs job/network-benchmark"
}

# Cluster maintenance functions
update_cluster() {
    log "Updating cluster software..."

    # Update system packages
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt upgrade -y

    # Update Docker
    sudo apt install --only-upgrade docker.io -y

    # Update Kubernetes components
    sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
    sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

    log "Cluster update completed"
}

backup_cluster() {
    log "Backing up cluster configuration..."

    BACKUP_DIR="./cluster-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"
    mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

    # Backup Kubernetes configurations
    if [[ -d "$HOME/.kube" ]]; then
        cp -r "$HOME/.kube" "$BACKUP_DIR/"
    fi

    # Backup Docker configurations
    if [[ -d "/etc/docker" ]]; then
        sudo cp -r /etc/docker "$BACKUP_DIR/"
    fi

    # Export running deployments
    kubectl get deployments -o yaml > "$BACKUP_DIR/deployments.yaml" 2>/dev/null || true
    kubectl get services -o yaml > "$BACKUP_DIR/services.yaml" 2>/dev/null || true
    kubectl get configmaps -o yaml > "$BACKUP_DIR/configmaps.yaml" 2>/dev/null || true

    # Create backup info
    cat > "$BACKUP_DIR/backup-info.txt" << EOF
Cluster Backup Information
=======================
Date: $(date)
Hostname: $(hostname)
Cluster Size: $(kubectl get nodes --no-headers | wc -l) nodes
Running Pods: $(kubectl get pods --all-namespaces --no-headers | wc -l)
System Info: $(uname -a)
EOF

    log "Cluster backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR"
}

# Worker node setup functions
setup_worker_node() {
    local worker_ip="$1"
    local worker_name="$2"

    log "Setting up worker node: $worker_name ($worker_ip)"

    # Test SSH connection
    if ! ssh -o ConnectTimeout=10 -i "${SSH_KEY_PATH}" "pi@${worker_ip}" "echo 'SSH connection successful'" 2>/dev/null; then
        warn "Cannot connect to worker node $worker_name. Please ensure SSH is configured."
        return 1
    fi

    # Copy setup script to worker
    scp -i "${SSH_KEY_PATH}" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no "$0" "pi@${worker_ip}:/tmp/worker-setup.sh"

    # Execute setup on worker
    ssh -i "${SSH_KEY_PATH}" "pi@${worker_ip}" << EOF
        sudo bash /tmp/worker-setup.sh worker-only
EOF

    log "Worker node $worker_name setup completed"
}

# Main setup function
setup_cluster() {
    local setup_type="${1:-full}"

    log "Starting Raspberry Pi cluster setup..."
    log "Setup type: $setup_type"

    case "$setup_type" in
        "master-only")
            check_dependencies
            setup_ssh_keys
            configure_network
            install_cluster_software
            setup_kubernetes_master
            setup_docker_swarm
            setup_nfs_server
            create_management_scripts
            create_sample_apps
            ;;
        "worker-only")
            install_cluster_software
            log "Worker node setup completed. Run join command on master to add to cluster."
            ;;
        "full"|"")
            check_dependencies
            setup_ssh_keys
            configure_network
            install_cluster_software
            setup_kubernetes_master
            setup_docker_swarm
            setup_nfs_server
            deploy_monitoring
            create_management_scripts
            create_sample_apps

            # Setup worker nodes if IPs are provided
            local worker_ip="${START_WORKER_IP}"
            for worker in "${WORKER_NODES[@]}"; do
                setup_worker_node "${NETWORK_SUBNET%.*}.${worker_ip}" "$worker"
                ((worker_ip++))
            done

            run_performance_tests
            backup_cluster
            ;;
        *)
            error "Invalid setup type: $setup_type"
            ;;
    esac

    log "Cluster setup completed successfully!"

    if [[ "$setup_type" != "worker-only" ]]; then
        echo ""
        echo "=== Cluster Management Commands ==="
        echo "Check cluster status: cluster-status"
        echo "Deploy application: deploy-to-cluster <deployment.yaml>"
        echo "Scale application: scale-cluster <deployment> <replicas>"
        echo "Access Kubernetes: kubectl get nodes"
        echo "Access Docker Swarm: docker node ls"
        echo "Grafana URL: http://${MASTER_IP}:3000 (admin/admin)"
        echo ""
        echo "Join Commands for Worker Nodes:"
        if [[ -f /tmp/k8s-join-command.sh ]]; then
            echo "Kubernetes:"
            cat /tmp/k8s-join-command.sh
        fi
        if [[ -f /tmp/docker-swarm-join-worker.sh ]]; then
            echo ""
            echo "Docker Swarm:"
            cat /tmp/docker-swarm-join-worker.sh
        fi
    fi
}

# Show usage
show_usage() {
    echo "Usage: $0 [COMMAND] [OPTIONS]"
    echo ""
    echo "Commands:"
    echo "  setup [TYPE]      - Setup cluster (full, master-only, worker-only)"
    echo "  update            - Update cluster software"
    echo "  backup            - Backup cluster configuration"
    echo "  status            - Show cluster status"
    echo "  benchmark         - Run performance benchmarks"
    echo "  help              - Show this help"
    echo ""
    echo "Examples:"
    echo "  $0 setup full              # Setup complete cluster"
    echo "  $0 setup master-only       # Setup master node only"
    echo "  $0 update                  # Update all cluster nodes"
    echo "  $0 backup                  # Create cluster backup"
}

# Main execution
main() {
    local command="${1:-setup}"

    case "$command" in
        "setup")
            setup_cluster "${2:-full}"
            ;;
        "update")
            update_cluster
            ;;
        "backup")
            backup_cluster
            ;;
        "status")
            cluster-status
            ;;
        "benchmark")
            run_performance_tests
            ;;
        "help"|"--help"|"-h")
            show_usage
            ;;
        *)
            error "Unknown command: $command"
            show_usage
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
}

# Trap for cleanup
trap cleanup EXIT

# Cleanup function
cleanup() {
    log "Cleaning up..."
    # Add any necessary cleanup here
}

# Execute main function
main "$@""