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Burn Fluid Resuscitation (Parkland/Brooke)

· Last updated：2026-08-10

This tool is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical, financial, or legal advice; consult a qualified professional for advice.

Calculate the 24-hour crystalloid for moderate-to-severe burns using Parkland (4 mL/kg/%TBSA LR) or Brooke (2 mL/kg/%TBSA LR), accounting for elapsed time since burn. Titrate to urine output. Derived from Baxter 1974, ABA 2008, MDCalc, and ISBI 2016. Not medical advice.

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Tool usage guide

Learn when to use this tool, what it supports, and how real users apply it.

Key facts

Category
Health
Input types
select, number
Output type
json
Sample coverage
4
API ready
Yes

Overview

Burn Fluid Resuscitation (Parkland/Brooke) estimates 24-hour lactated Ringer’s crystalloid volume for moderate-to-severe burns using patient weight, burn size, formula selection, and hours since the burn. It splits the volume between the first 8 hours and the following 16 hours. This calculator is not medical advice.

When to use

  • Estimate initial crystalloid volume for burns using the Parkland or Brooke formula.
  • Calculate how much of the first-8-hour volume remains after time has elapsed since the burn.
  • Compare Parkland and Brooke estimates for a documented weight and TBSA percentage.

How it works

  1. 1Enter the patient’s weight in kilograms, the percentage of second- and third-degree TBSA burned, and hours since the burn occurred.
  2. 2Choose Parkland at 4 mL/kg/%TBSA or Brooke at 2 mL/kg/%TBSA.
  3. 3The calculator estimates the total lactated Ringer’s volume for 24 hours, with half assigned to the first 8 hours and half to the next 16 hours.
  4. 4It accounts for elapsed time and returns the remaining first-8-hour volume, hourly rates, and selected formula in JSON format.

Use cases

  • Emergency and burn-unit teams can estimate initial 24-hour crystalloid requirements from weight, TBSA, and burn time.
  • Medical students can compare the volume and hourly rates produced by the Parkland and Brooke formulas.
  • Clinicians can recalculate the remaining first-8-hour volume when a patient presents after the burn occurred.

Examples

1. Parkland estimate after delayed presentation

Burn-care clinician

Background

A 70 kg patient has burns covering 40% TBSA and presents 2 hours after the injury.

Problem

The team needs the total 24-hour lactated Ringer’s estimate and the remaining first-8-hour volume.

How to use

Select Parkland, enter 70 kg, 40% TBSA, and 2 hours since burn, then use 0 decimal places.

Formula: Parkland; Weight: 70 kg; TBSA burned: 40%; Hours since burn: 2; Decimal places: 0.

Outcome

The calculator estimates 11,200 mL over 24 hours. It reports 5,600 mL for the first 8 hours, with 5,600 mL remaining over the remaining 6 hours at approximately 933 mL/h, followed by 5,600 mL over 16 hours at 350 mL/h.

2. Brooke estimate from the time of injury

Emergency medicine trainee

Background

A 70 kg patient has 40% TBSA burns, and the calculation is performed at the time of injury.

Problem

The trainee wants to calculate the more conservative Brooke estimate and its two hourly rates.

How to use

Select Brooke, enter 70 kg, 40% TBSA, and 0 hours since burn, then submit the calculation.

FAQ

Which burns should be included in the TBSA percentage?

Include second- and third-degree burns. Do not include first-degree burns.

Does the timer start at admission?

No. Enter the hours since the burn occurred, not the hours since hospital admission.

What is the difference between Parkland and Brooke?

Parkland uses 4 mL/kg/%TBSA, while Brooke uses 2 mL/kg/%TBSA.

What fluid does the calculator use?

The estimates are for lactated Ringer’s crystalloid solution.

Can this calculator replace clinical judgment?

No. Fluid administration must be assessed and titrated by qualified clinicians, including monitoring urine output. This tool is not medical advice.

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Formula: Brooke; Weight: 70 kg; TBSA burned: 40%; Hours since burn: 0; Decimal places: 0.

Outcome

The calculator estimates 5,600 mL over 24 hours: 2,800 mL during the first 8 hours at 350 mL/h and 2,800 mL during the next 16 hours at 175 mL/h.