Ejemplos de Operaciones de Archivo Web Python

# Web Python Text File Read/Write Examples
# Using Python file I/O for browser-based file operations (Pyodide)

# 1. Reading Text Files
def read_text_file(file_path):
    """
    Read a text file and return its content

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file

    Returns:
        str: Content of the file
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            content = file.read()
        return content
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found")
        return None
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error reading file: {e}")
        return None

def read_text_file_with_encoding(file_path, encoding='utf-8'):
    """
    Read a text file with specific encoding

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        encoding: Character encoding (default: utf-8)

    Returns:
        str: Content of the file
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'r', encoding=encoding) as file:
            content = file.read()
        return content
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        print(f"Error: Cannot decode file with {encoding} encoding")
        return None

def read_text_file_line_by_line(file_path):
    """
    Read a text file line by line

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file

    Returns:
        list: List of lines
    """
    lines = []
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            for line in file:
                lines.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
        return lines
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found")
        return None

def read_text_file_in_chunks(file_path, chunk_size=1024):
    """
    Read a text file in chunks (useful for large files)

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        chunk_size: Size of each chunk in bytes

    Yields:
        str: Chunks of text
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            while True:
                chunk = file.read(chunk_size)
                if not chunk:
                    break
                yield chunk
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found")
        return

# 2. Writing Text Files
def write_text_file(file_path, content):
    """
    Write text content to a file

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        content: Text content to write

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            file.write(content)
        return True
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error writing file: {e}")
        return False

def write_text_lines(file_path, lines):
    """
    Write a list of lines to a text file

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        lines: List of strings to write

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            for line in lines:
                file.write(line + '\n')
        return True
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error writing file: {e}")
        return False

def write_text_file_with_encoding(file_path, content, encoding='utf-8'):
    """
    Write text content to a file with specific encoding

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        content: Text content to write
        encoding: Character encoding

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'w', encoding=encoding) as file:
            file.write(content)
        return True
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error writing file: {e}")
        return False

def append_to_text_file(file_path, content):
    """
    Append text content to an existing file

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the text file
        content: Text content to append

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        with open(file_path, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            file.write(content)
        return True
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error appending to file: {e}")
        return False

# 3. File Info Helper
def get_file_size(file_path):
    """
    Get the size of a file in bytes

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file

    Returns:
        int: File size in bytes
    """
    import os
    try:
        return os.path.getsize(file_path)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found")
        return None

def get_file_extension(file_path):
    """
    Get the file extension

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file

    Returns:
        str: File extension
    """
    import os
    return os.path.splitext(file_path)[1]

def get_file_name_without_extension(file_path):
    """
    Get the file name without extension

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file

    Returns:
        str: File name without extension
    """
    import os
    return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(file_path))[0]

def format_file_size(bytes_size):
    """
    Format file size in human-readable format

    Args:
        bytes_size: Size in bytes

    Returns:
        str: Formatted size string
    """
    for unit in ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB']:
        if bytes_size < 1024.0:
            return f"{bytes_size:.2f} {unit}"
        bytes_size /= 1024.0
    return f"{bytes_size:.2f} TB"

def get_file_details(file_path):
    """
    Get detailed information about a file

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file

    Returns:
        dict: File details
    """
    import os
    from datetime import datetime

    try:
        stat_info = os.stat(file_path)
        return {
            'name': os.path.basename(file_path),
            'size': stat_info.st_size,
            'readable_size': format_file_size(stat_info.st_size),
            'extension': get_file_extension(file_path),
            'modified_time': datetime.fromtimestamp(stat_info.st_mtime),
            'created_time': datetime.fromtimestamp(stat_info.st_ctime),
            'is_file': os.path.isfile(file_path),
            'is_dir': os.path.isdir(file_path)
        }
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found")
        return None

# 4. File Validation
def file_exists(file_path):
    """
    Check if a file exists

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file

    Returns:
        bool: True if file exists
    """
    import os
    return os.path.exists(file_path)

def is_file(file_path):
    """
    Check if path is a file

    Args:
        file_path: Path to check

    Returns:
        bool: True if it's a file
    """
    import os
    return os.path.isfile(file_path)

def is_directory(dir_path):
    """
    Check if path is a directory

    Args:
        dir_path: Path to check

    Returns:
        bool: True if it's a directory
    """
    import os
    return os.path.isdir(dir_path)

def validate_file(file_path, max_size_mb=None):
    """
    Validate file properties

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file
        max_size_mb: Maximum file size in MB

    Returns:
        dict: Validation result
    """
    import os
    result = {'valid': True, 'errors': []}

    if not os.path.exists(file_path):
        result['valid'] = False
        result['errors'].append('File does not exist')
        return result

    if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
        result['valid'] = False
        result['errors'].append('Path is not a file')
        return result

    if max_size_mb:
        size_mb = os.path.getsize(file_path) / (1024 * 1024)
        if size_mb > max_size_mb:
            result['valid'] = False
            result['errors'].append(f'File size ({size_mb:.2f}MB) exceeds limit ({max_size_mb}MB)')

    return result

# 5. Batch File Operations
def read_multiple_files(file_paths):
    """
    Read multiple text files

    Args:
        file_paths: List of file paths

    Returns:
        dict: Map of file paths to their contents
    """
    results = {}
    for file_path in file_paths:
        content = read_text_file(file_path)
        if content is not None:
            results[file_path] = content
    return results

def batch_write_files(file_data_map):
    """
    Write to multiple files

    Args:
        file_data_map: Dictionary mapping file paths to content

    Returns:
        tuple: (successful_files, failed_files)
    """
    import os
    successful = []
    failed = []

    for file_path, content in file_data_map.items():
        if write_text_file(file_path, content):
            successful.append(file_path)
        else:
            failed.append(file_path)

    return successful, failed

def search_in_files(file_paths, search_text, case_sensitive=False):
    """
    Search for text in multiple files

    Args:
        file_paths: List of file paths
        search_text: Text to search for
        case_sensitive: Whether search is case sensitive

    Returns:
        dict: Files with their matching lines
    """
    results = {}

    for file_path in file_paths:
        lines = read_text_file_line_by_line(file_path)
        if lines:
            matching_lines = []
            for i, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
                search_line = line if case_sensitive else line.lower()
                search_term = search_text if case_sensitive else search_text.lower()

                if search_term in search_line:
                    matching_lines.append({'line_number': i, 'content': line})

            if matching_lines:
                results[file_path] = matching_lines

    return results

# 6. File Encoding Utilities
def detect_file_encoding(file_path, encodings=['utf-8', 'latin-1', 'cp1252']):
    """
    Detect file encoding by trying different encodings

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the file
        encodings: List of encodings to try

    Returns:
        str: Detected encoding or None
    """
    for encoding in encodings:
        try:
            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding=encoding) as file:
                file.read(1024)  # Try reading first 1KB
            return encoding
        except (UnicodeDecodeError, IOError):
            continue
    return None

def convert_file_encoding(input_path, output_path, from_encoding, to_encoding='utf-8'):
    """
    Convert file from one encoding to another

    Args:
        input_path: Input file path
        output_path: Output file path
        from_encoding: Source encoding
        to_encoding: Target encoding

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        with open(input_path, 'r', encoding=from_encoding) as input_file:
            content = input_file.read()

        with open(output_path, 'w', encoding=to_encoding) as output_file:
            output_file.write(content)

        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error converting file: {e}")
        return False

# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_text_file_operations():
    print("=== Web Python Text File Read/Write Examples ===\n")

    # 1. Read text file
    print("--- 1. Read Text File ---")
    content = read_text_file("example.txt")
    if content:
        print(f"Content length: {len(content)} characters")

    # 2. Read line by line
    print("\n--- 2. Read Line by Line ---")
    lines = read_text_file_line_by_line("example.txt")
    if lines:
        print(f"Number of lines: {len(lines)}")
        print("First 3 lines:", lines[:3])

    # 3. Write text file
    print("\n--- 3. Write Text File ---")
    if write_text_file("output.txt", "Hello, World!\nThis is a new file."):
        print("File written successfully")

    # 4. Write lines
    print("\n--- 4. Write Lines ---")
    lines_to_write = ["Line 1", "Line 2", "Line 3"]
    if write_text_lines("lines.txt", lines_to_write):
        print("Lines file written successfully")

    # 5. Get file details
    print("\n--- 5. File Details ---")
    details = get_file_details("example.txt")
    if details:
        print(f"Name: {details['name']}")
        print(f"Size: {details['readable_size']}")
        print(f"Extension: {details['extension']}")

    # 6. File validation
    print("\n--- 6. File Validation ---")
    validation = validate_file("example.txt", max_size_mb=1)
    print(f"Valid: {validation['valid']}")

    print("\n=== All Text File Operations Completed ===")

# Export functions
# export { read_text_file, read_text_file_with_encoding, read_text_file_line_by_line, read_text_file_in_chunks }
# export { write_text_file, write_text_lines, write_text_file_with_encoding, append_to_text_file }
# export { get_file_size, get_file_extension, get_file_name_without_extension, format_file_size, get_file_details }
# export { file_exists, is_file, is_directory, validate_file }
# export { read_multiple_files, batch_write_files, search_in_files }
# export { detect_file_encoding, convert_file_encoding }
# export { demonstrate_text_file_operations }

# Web Python File Copy/Move Examples
# Browser-based file operations using Python

# 1. File Copy Operations
import shutil
import os

def copy_file(source_path, destination_path):
    """
    Copy a file from source to destination

    Args:
        source_path: Path to source file
        destination_path: Path to destination

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        shutil.copy2(source_path, destination_path)
        return True
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: Source file '{source_path}' not found")
        return False
    except PermissionError:
        print(f"Error: Permission denied")
        return False
    except IOError as e:
        print(f"Error copying file: {e}")
        return False

def copy_file_with_metadata(source_path, destination_path):
    """
    Copy file preserving metadata

    Args:
        source_path: Path to source file
        destination_path: Path to destination

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        shutil.copy2(source_path, destination_path)

        # Preserve timestamps
        stat_info = os.stat(source_path)
        os.utime(destination_path, (stat_info.st_atime, stat_info.st_mtime))

        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error copying file with metadata: {e}")
        return False

def copy_directory(source_dir, destination_dir):
    """
    Copy entire directory recursively

    Args:
        source_dir: Source directory path
        destination_dir: Destination directory path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        shutil.copytree(source_dir, destination_dir)
        return True
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: Source directory '{source_dir}' not found")
        return False
    except FileExistsError:
        print(f"Error: Destination directory '{destination_dir}' already exists")
        return False
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error copying directory: {e}")
        return False

def copy_directory_with_progress(source_dir, destination_dir, callback=None):
    """
    Copy directory with progress callback

    Args:
        source_dir: Source directory path
        destination_dir: Destination directory path
        callback: Progress callback function

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        # Count total files first
        total_files = sum(len(files) for _, _, files in os.walk(source_dir))
        copied_files = 0

        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source_dir):
            # Create corresponding directory structure
            rel_path = os.path.relpath(root, source_dir)
            dest_dir = os.path.join(destination_dir, rel_path)

            os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)

            # Copy files
            for file in files:
                source_file = os.path.join(root, file)
                dest_file = os.path.join(dest_dir, file)

                shutil.copy2(source_file, dest_file)
                copied_files += 1

                if callback:
                    callback(copied_files, total_files, file)

        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error copying directory with progress: {e}")
        return False

# 2. File Move Operations
def move_file(source_path, destination_path):
    """
    Move a file from source to destination

    Args:
        source_path: Path to source file
        destination_path: Path to destination

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        shutil.move(source_path, destination_path)
        return True
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: Source file '{source_path}' not found")
        return False
    except PermissionError:
        print(f"Error: Permission denied")
        return False
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error moving file: {e}")
        return False

def move_directory(source_dir, destination_dir):
    """
    Move directory from source to destination

    Args:
        source_dir: Source directory path
        destination_dir: Destination directory path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        shutil.move(source_dir, destination_dir)
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error moving directory: {e}")
        return False

def rename_file(old_path, new_path):
    """
    Rename a file

    Args:
        old_path: Current file path
        new_path: New file path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    return move_file(old_path, new_path)

def rename_directory(old_path, new_path):
    """
    Rename a directory

    Args:
        old_path: Current directory path
        new_path: New directory path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    return move_directory(old_path, new_path)

# 3. Batch File Operations
def batch_rename_files(directory, pattern, replacement):
    """
    Batch rename files in a directory

    Args:
        directory: Directory path
        pattern: Pattern to replace (supports regex)
        replacement: Replacement string

    Returns:
        tuple: (renamed_files, failed_files)
    """
    import re
    renamed = []
    failed = []

    try:
        files = os.listdir(directory)

        for file in files:
            old_path = os.path.join(directory, file)

            # Skip directories
            if os.path.isdir(old_path):
                continue

            # Apply regex replacement
            new_name = re.sub(pattern, replacement, file)
            new_path = os.path.join(directory, new_name)

            # Rename file
            try:
                os.rename(old_path, new_path)
                renamed.append((file, new_name))
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error renaming {file}: {e}")
                failed.append(file)

        return renamed, failed

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error in batch rename: {e}")
        return [], failed

def batch_convert_files(source_files, target_directory, conversion_func):
    """
    Batch convert files (read, process, write)

    Args:
        source_files: List of source file paths
        target_directory: Target directory path
        conversion_func: Function to convert content

    Returns:
        tuple: (converted_files, failed_files)
    """
    import os

    os.makedirs(target_directory, exist_ok=True)

    converted = []
    failed = []

    for source_file in source_files:
        try:
            # Read source file
            with open(source_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                content = f.read()

            # Apply conversion
            converted_content = conversion_func(content)

            # Write to target
            file_name = os.path.basename(source_file)
            target_file = os.path.join(target_directory, file_name)

            with open(target_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(converted_content)

            converted.append((source_file, target_file))

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error converting {source_file}: {e}")
            failed.append(source_file)

    return converted, failed

# 4. File Synchronization
def sync_directories(source_dir, target_dir):
    """
    Synchronize two directories (copy newer files from source to target)

    Args:
        source_dir: Source directory path
        target_dir: Target directory path

    Returns:
        dict: Sync statistics
    """
    stats = {
        'copied': 0,
        'skipped': 0,
        'failed': 0
    }

    try:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source_dir):
            rel_path = os.path.relpath(root, source_dir)
            dest_dir = os.path.join(target_dir, rel_path)

            os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)

            for file in files:
                source_file = os.path.join(root, file)
                dest_file = os.path.join(dest_dir, file)

                # Check if file exists in target
                if os.path.exists(dest_file):
                    source_mtime = os.path.getmtime(source_file)
                    dest_mtime = os.path.getmtime(dest_file)

                    if source_mtime <= dest_mtime:
                        stats['skipped'] += 1
                        continue

                # Copy newer file
                try:
                    shutil.copy2(source_file, dest_file)
                    stats['copied'] += 1
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error syncing {file}: {e}")
                    stats['failed'] += 1

        return stats

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error syncing directories: {e}")
        return stats

# 5. Backup and Restore
def create_backup(source_paths, backup_dir, timestamp=True):
    """
    Create backup of files/directories

    Args:
        source_paths: List of source paths to backup
        backup_dir: Backup directory path
        timestamp: Whether to add timestamp to backup name

    Returns:
        str: Path to backup directory
    """
    from datetime import datetime

    try:
        # Create backup directory name
        if timestamp:
            backup_name = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
            backup_path = os.path.join(backup_dir, f'backup_{backup_name}')
        else:
            backup_path = os.path.join(backup_dir, 'backup')

        os.makedirs(backup_path, exist_ok=True)

        # Copy each source to backup
        for source in source_paths:
            dest = os.path.join(backup_path, os.path.basename(source))

            if os.path.isdir(source):
                shutil.copytree(source, dest, dirs_exist_ok=True)
            else:
                shutil.copy2(source, dest)

        return backup_path

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error creating backup: {e}")
        return None

def restore_from_backup(backup_dir, target_dir):
    """
    Restore files from backup directory

    Args:
        backup_dir: Backup directory path
        target_dir: Target directory to restore to

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    try:
        if os.path.isdir(backup_dir):
            shutil.copytree(backup_dir, target_dir, dirs_exist_ok=True)
        else:
            shutil.copy2(backup_dir, target_dir)

        return True

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error restoring from backup: {e}")
        return False

# 6. Safe File Operations
def safe_copy(source_path, destination_path):
    """
    Copy file with safety checks

    Args:
        source_path: Source file path
        destination_path: Destination file path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    # Validate source
    if not os.path.exists(source_path):
        print(f"Error: Source file '{source_path}' does not exist")
        return False

    if not os.path.isfile(source_path):
        print(f"Error: Source path is not a file")
        return False

    # Check if destination directory exists
    dest_dir = os.path.dirname(destination_path)
    if dest_dir and not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
        try:
            os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error creating destination directory: {e}")
            return False

    # Check if destination already exists
    if os.path.exists(destination_path):
        print(f"Warning: Destination file '{destination_path}' already exists")
        return False

    # Perform copy
    return copy_file(source_path, destination_path)

def safe_move(source_path, destination_path):
    """
    Move file with safety checks

    Args:
        source_path: Source file path
        destination_path: Destination file path

    Returns:
        bool: True if successful
    """
    # Validate source
    if not os.path.exists(source_path):
        print(f"Error: Source file '{source_path}' does not exist")
        return False

    if not os.path.isfile(source_path):
        print(f"Error: Source path is not a file")
        return False

    # Check if destination directory exists
    dest_dir = os.path.dirname(destination_path)
    if dest_dir and not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
        try:
            os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error creating destination directory: {e}")
            return False

    # Perform move
    return move_file(source_path, destination_path)

# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_file_copy_move():
    print("=== Web Python File Copy/Move Examples ===\n")

    # 1. Copy file
    print("--- 1. Copy File ---")
    if safe_copy("source.txt", "copy.txt"):
        print("File copied successfully")

    # 2. Copy directory
    print("\n--- 2. Copy Directory ---")
    if copy_directory_with_progress(
        "source_dir",
        "backup_dir",
        lambda current, total, file: print(f"Copying {file}: {current}/{total}")
    ):
        print("Directory copied successfully")

    # 3. Move file
    print("\n--- 3. Move File ---")
    if safe_move("old_name.txt", "new_name.txt"):
        print("File moved successfully")

    # 4. Batch rename
    print("\n--- 4. Batch Rename ---")
    renamed, failed = batch_rename_files(".", r"\.(txt)$", ".bak")
    print(f"Renamed {len(renamed)} files")
    print(f"Failed {len(failed)} files")

    # 5. Sync directories
    print("\n--- 5. Sync Directories ---")
    stats = sync_directories("source_dir", "target_dir")
    print(f"Copied: {stats['copied']}, Skipped: {stats['skipped']}, Failed: {stats['failed']}")

    # 6. Backup
    print("\n--- 6. Backup ---")
    backup_path = create_backup(["important_file.txt", "important_dir"], "backups")
    if backup_path:
        print(f"Backup created at: {backup_path}")

    print("\n=== All File Copy/Move Examples Completed ===")

# Export functions
# export { copy_file, copy_file_with_metadata, copy_directory, copy_directory_with_progress }
# export { move_file, move_directory, rename_file, rename_directory }
# export { batch_rename_files, batch_convert_files }
# export { sync_directories }
# export { create_backup, restore_from_backup }
# export { safe_copy, safe_move }
# export { demonstrate_file_copy_move }

# Web Python Directory Traversal Examples
# Using os.walk, glob, and pathlib for directory operations

# 1. Directory Listing with os.walk
def list_directory_contents(directory, recursive=False):
    """
    List contents of a directory

    Args:
        directory: Directory path
        recursive: Whether to list recursively

    Returns:
        dict: Directory contents with files and subdirectories
    """
    import os

    if not os.path.exists(directory):
        print(f"Error: Directory '{directory}' does not exist")
        return None

    result = {
        'directory': directory,
        'files': [],
        'directories': []
    }

    if recursive:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
            for dir_name in dirs:
                full_path = os.path.join(root, dir_name)
                result['directories'].append(full_path)

            for file_name in files:
                full_path = os.path.join(root, file_name)
                result['files'].append(full_path)
    else:
        try:
            with os.scandir(directory) as entries:
                for entry in entries:
                    if entry.is_file():
                        result['files'].append(os.path.join(directory, entry.name))
                    elif entry.is_dir():
                        result['directories'].append(os.path.join(directory, entry.name))
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error listing directory: {e}")

    return result

def list_directory_tree(directory, max_depth=None):
    """
    List directory as a tree structure

    Args:
        directory: Root directory path
        max_depth: Maximum depth to traverse (None = unlimited)

    Returns:
        dict: Tree structure
    """
    import os

    def build_tree(path, depth=0):
        if max_depth is not None and depth > max_depth:
            return {'name': os.path.basename(path), 'children': []}

        node = {
            'name': os.path.basename(path),
            'path': path,
            'is_dir': os.path.isdir(path),
            'children': []
        }

        if os.path.isdir(path):
            try:
                entries = sorted(os.listdir(path))
                for entry in entries:
                    child_path = os.path.join(path, entry)
                    child_node = build_tree(child_path, depth + 1)
                    node['children'].append(child_node)
            except PermissionError:
                pass  # Skip directories we can't access

        return node

    return build_tree(directory)

def print_directory_tree(tree, indent=0):
    """
    Print directory tree structure

    Args:
        tree: Tree structure from list_directory_tree
        indent: Indentation level
    """
    prefix = '  ' * indent
    icon = '📁' if tree['is_dir'] else '📄'
    print(f"{prefix}{icon} {tree['name']}")

    for child in tree.get('children', []):
        print_directory_tree(child, indent + 1)

# 2. File Pattern Matching with glob
import glob

def find_files_by_pattern(directory, pattern):
    """
    Find files matching a pattern

    Args:
        directory: Directory to search
        pattern: Glob pattern (e.g., '*.txt', '**/*.py')

    Returns:
        list: List of matching file paths
    """
    search_pattern = os.path.join(directory, pattern)
    return glob.glob(search_pattern, recursive=True)

def find_files_by_extension(directory, extension):
    """
    Find files with specific extension

    Args:
        directory: Directory to search
        extension: File extension (e.g., 'txt', 'py')

    Returns:
        list: List of matching file paths
    """
    pattern = f"*.{extension}"
    return find_files_by_pattern(directory, pattern)

def find_files_by_name(directory, name_pattern):
    """
    Find files by name pattern

    Args:
        directory: Directory to search
        name_pattern: Name pattern (supports wildcards)

    Returns:
        list: List of matching file paths
    """
    import os

    matching_files = []

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
        for file in files:
            if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, name_pattern):
                matching_files.append(os.path.join(root, file))

    return matching_files

# 3. Directory Statistics
def get_directory_statistics(directory):
    """
    Get statistics about a directory

    Args:
        directory: Directory path

    Returns:
        dict: Directory statistics
    """
    import os

    stats = {
        'total_files': 0,
        'total_directories': 0,
        'total_size': 0,
        'extension_counts': {},
        'largest_files': []
    }

    try:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
            stats['total_directories'] += len(dirs)

            for file in files:
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                stats['total_files'] += 1

                try:
                    file_size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
                    stats['total_size'] += file_size

                    # Track extensions
                    ext = os.path.splitext(file)[1].lower()
                    stats['extension_counts'][ext] = stats['extension_counts'].get(ext, 0) + 1

                    # Track largest files
                    stats['largest_files'].append((file_path, file_size))

                except OSError:
                    pass

        # Sort largest files
        stats['largest_files'] = sorted(
            stats['largest_files'],
            key=lambda x: x[1],
            reverse=True
        )[:10]

        # Format size
        stats['formatted_size'] = format_file_size(stats['total_size'])

        return stats

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error getting directory statistics: {e}")
        return None

def format_file_size(bytes_size):
    """Format file size in human-readable format"""
    for unit in ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB']:
        if bytes_size < 1024.0:
            return f"{bytes_size:.2f} {unit}"
        bytes_size /= 1024.0
    return f"{bytes_size:.2f} TB"

# 4. File Search in Directory
def search_in_directory(directory, search_text, file_pattern='*'):
    """
    Search for text in files within a directory

    Args:
        directory: Directory to search
        search_text: Text to search for
        file_pattern: Pattern to filter files

    Returns:
        dict: Files containing the search text
    """
    import os

    results = {}

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
        for file in files:
            if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, file_pattern):
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)

                try:
                    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                        content = f.read()

                    if search_text in content:
                        # Find line numbers
                        lines = content.split('\n')
                        matches = []
                        for i, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
                            if search_text in line:
                                matches.append(i)

                        results[file_path] = matches

                except (UnicodeDecodeError, IOError):
                    pass  # Skip files that can't be read as text

    return results

def search_in_directory_regex(directory, pattern, file_pattern='*'):
    """
    Search for regex pattern in files within a directory

    Args:
        directory: Directory to search
        pattern: Regular expression pattern
        file_pattern: Pattern to filter files

    Returns:
        dict: Files containing matches
    """
    import os
    import re

    results = {}
    compiled_pattern = re.compile(pattern)

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
        for file in files:
            if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, file_pattern):
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)

                try:
                    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                        content = f.read()

                    matches = []
                    for match in compiled_pattern.finditer(content):
                        matches.append({
                            'start': match.start(),
                            'end': match.end(),
                            'text': match.group()
                        })

                    if matches:
                        results[file_path] = matches

                except (UnicodeDecodeError, IOError):
                    pass

    return results

# 5. Directory Comparison
def compare_directories(dir1, dir2):
    """
    Compare two directories and find differences

    Args:
        dir1: First directory path
        dir2: Second directory path

    Returns:
        dict: Comparison results
    """
    import os
    import filecmp

    result = {
        'only_in_dir1': [],
        'only_in_dir2': [],
        'different': [],
        'same': []
    }

    # Get all files in both directories
    files1 = set()
    files2 = set()

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir1):
        for file in files:
            rel_path = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file), dir1)
            files1.add(rel_path)

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir2):
        for file in files:
            rel_path = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file), dir2)
            files2.add(rel_path)

    # Find files only in dir1
    result['only_in_dir1'] = list(files1 - files2)

    # Find files only in dir2
    result['only_in_dir2'] = list(files2 - files1)

    # Compare common files
    common_files = files1 & files2
    for rel_path in common_files:
        file1 = os.path.join(dir1, rel_path)
        file2 = os.path.join(dir2, rel_path)

        if os.path.isfile(file1) and os.path.isfile(file2):
            if filecmp.cmp(file1, file2, shallow=False):
                result['same'].append(rel_path)
            else:
                result['different'].append(rel_path)

    return result

# 6. Directory Cleanup
def cleanup_directory(directory, dry_run=True, patterns=None):
    """
    Clean up directory by removing files matching patterns

    Args:
        directory: Directory path
        dry_run: If True, only print what would be deleted
        patterns: List of glob patterns to delete

    Returns:
        dict: Cleanup results
    """
    import os

    if patterns is None:
        patterns = ['*.tmp', '*.log', '*.bak', '*~']

    results = {
        'deleted': [],
        'failed': []
    }

    for pattern in patterns:
        search_pattern = os.path.join(directory, pattern)
        files = glob.glob(search_pattern, recursive=True)

        for file in files:
            try:
                if dry_run:
                    print(f"Would delete: {file}")
                    results['deleted'].append(file)
                else:
                    if os.path.isfile(file):
                        os.remove(file)
                    elif os.path.isdir(file):
                        os.rmdir(file)
                    results['deleted'].append(file)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error deleting {file}: {e}")
                results['failed'].append(file)

    return results

def remove_empty_directories(directory, recursive=False):
    """
    Remove empty directories

    Args:
        directory: Directory path
        recursive: Whether to recursively remove empty subdirectories

    Returns:
        int: Number of directories removed
    """
    import os

    removed_count = 0

    if recursive:
        # Process subdirectories first (bottom-up)
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory, topdown=False):
            for dir_name in dirs:
                dir_path = os.path.join(root, dir_name)
                try:
                    os.rmdir(dir_path)
                    removed_count += 1
                    print(f"Removed empty directory: {dir_path}")
                except OSError:
                    pass  # Directory not empty

    # Remove the root directory if it's empty
    try:
        if not os.listdir(directory):
            os.rmdir(directory)
            removed_count += 1
            print(f"Removed empty directory: {directory}")
    except OSError:
        pass

    return removed_count

# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_directory_traversal():
    print("=== Web Python Directory Traversal Examples ===\n")

    # 1. List directory contents
    print("--- 1. List Directory Contents ---")
    contents = list_directory_contents('.')
    if contents:
        print(f"Files: {len(contents['files'])}")
        print(f"Directories: {len(contents['directories'])}")

    # 2. Directory tree
    print("\n--- 2. Directory Tree ---")
    tree = list_directory_tree('.')
    print_directory_tree(tree)

    # 3. Find files by pattern
    print("\n--- 3. Find Files by Pattern ---")
    txt_files = find_files_by_extension('.', 'txt')
    print(f"Text files: {len(txt_files)}")

    # 4. Directory statistics
    print("\n--- 4. Directory Statistics ---")
    stats = get_directory_statistics('.')
    if stats:
        print(f"Total files: {stats['total_files']}")
        print(f"Total size: {stats['formatted_size']}")
        print(f"Extensions: {stats['extension_counts']}")

    # 5. Search in directory
    print("\n--- 5. Search in Directory ---")
    search_results = search_in_directory('.', 'TODO', '*.txt')
    print(f"Files containing 'TODO': {len(search_results)}")

    # 6. Compare directories
    print("\n--- 6. Compare Directories ---")
    comparison = compare_directories('dir1', 'dir2')
    print(f"Only in dir1: {len(comparison['only_in_dir1'])}")
    print(f"Only in dir2: {len(comparison['only_in_dir2'])}")
    print(f"Different: {len(comparison['different'])}")

    # 7. Cleanup
    print("\n--- 7. Cleanup ---")
    cleanup_results = cleanup_directory('.', dry_run=True)
    print(f"Would delete {len(cleanup_results['deleted'])} files")

    print("\n=== All Directory Traversal Examples Completed ===")

# Export functions
# export { list_directory_contents, list_directory_tree, print_directory_tree }
# export { find_files_by_pattern, find_files_by_extension, find_files_by_name }
# export { get_directory_statistics, format_file_size }
# export { search_in_directory, search_in_directory_regex }
# export { compare_directories }
# export { cleanup_directory, remove_empty_directories }
# export { demonstrate_directory_traversal }