Ejemplos de Spring Boot

// Spring Boot Hello World Examples

// 1. Maven Dependencies (pom.xml)
/*
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-boot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>hello-spring-boot</name>
    <description>Hello World Spring Boot Application</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
*/

// 2. Main Application Class
package com.example.hellospringboot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldApplication.class, args);

        // Display application information
        String[] beanNames = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        System.out.println("Application started with " + beanNames.length + " beans");

        // You can access beans here if needed
        // HelloWorldController controller = context.getBean(HelloWorldController.class);
    }
}

// 3. Basic REST Controller
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
class HelloWorldController {

    // Basic Hello World endpoint
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String helloWorld() {
        return "Hello, World!";
    }

    // Hello with path variable
    @GetMapping("/hello/{name}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> helloName(@PathVariable String name) {
        Map<String, String> response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("message", "Hello, " + name + "!");
        response.put("status", "success");

        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }

    // Hello with query parameters
    @GetMapping("/greet")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> greet(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "World") String name,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "en") String lang) {

        Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();

        String greeting;
        switch (lang.toLowerCase()) {
            case "es":
                greeting = "Hola";
                break;
            case "fr":
                greeting = "Bonjour";
                break;
            case "de":
                greeting = "Hallo";
                break;
            default:
                greeting = "Hello";
        }

        response.put("greeting", greeting + ", " + name + "!");
        response.put("language", lang);
        response.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());

        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }

    // POST endpoint example
    @PostMapping("/hello")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> postHello(@RequestBody Map<String, String> request) {
        Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
        String name = request.getOrDefault("name", "World");

        response.put("message", "Hello, " + name + "!");
        response.put("received", request);
        response.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());

        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    // PUT endpoint example
    @PutMapping("/hello/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> updateHello(
            @PathVariable String id,
            @RequestBody Map<String, String> request) {

        Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("id", id);
        response.put("updated", true);
        response.put("data", request);
        response.put("message", "Hello updated successfully!");

        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }

    // DELETE endpoint example
    @DeleteMapping("/hello/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> deleteHello(@PathVariable String id) {
        Map<String, String> response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("id", id);
        response.put("message", "Hello deleted successfully!");
        response.put("status", "deleted");

        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }
}

// 4. Service Layer Example
package com.example.hellospringboot.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

@Service
class HelloService {

    private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
    private final List<String> greetings = new ArrayList<>();

    public HelloService() {
        // Initialize with some default greetings
        greetings.add("Hello, World!");
        greetings.add("Bonjour le monde!");
        greetings.add("¡Hola mundo!");
    }

    public String getSimpleHello() {
        return "Hello from service! Counter: " + counter.incrementAndGet();
    }

    public String getPersonalizedHello(String name) {
        return "Hello, " + name + "! Service called at " + LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public List<String> getAllGreetings() {
        return new ArrayList<>(greetings);
    }

    public String addGreeting(String greeting) {
        greetings.add(greeting);
        return "Greeting added: " + greeting;
    }

    public String getGreetingStats() {
        return String.format("Total greetings: %d, Service calls: %d",
                           greetings.size(), counter.get());
    }
}

// 5. Controller with Service Injection
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import com.example.hellospringboot.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/service")
class HelloServiceController {

    private final HelloService helloService;

    // Constructor injection (recommended)
    @Autowired
    public HelloServiceController(HelloService helloService) {
        this.helloService = helloService;
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String getServiceHello() {
        return helloService.getSimpleHello();
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello/{name}")
    public String getPersonalizedServiceHello(@PathVariable String name) {
        return helloService.getPersonalizedHello(name);
    }

    @GetMapping("/greetings")
    public List<String> getAllGreetings() {
        return helloService.getAllGreetings();
    }

    @PostMapping("/greetings")
    public Map<String, String> addGreeting(@RequestBody Map<String, String> request) {
        String greeting = request.get("greeting");
        String result = helloService.addGreeting(greeting);

        return Map.of(
            "message", result,
            "status", "success"
        );
    }

    @GetMapping("/stats")
    public Map<String, String> getStats() {
        return Map.of(
            "statistics", helloService.getGreetingStats(),
            "status", "success"
        );
    }
}

// 6. Application Configuration
package com.example.hellospringboot.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Configuration
class AppConfig {

    // CORS configuration
    @Bean
    public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() {
        return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
            @Override
            public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
                registry.addMapping("/api/**")
                        .allowedOrigins("http://localhost:3000")
                        .allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
                        .allowedHeaders("*")
                        .allowCredentials(true);
            }
        };
    }
}

// 7. Custom Exception Handler
package com.example.hellospringboot.exception;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@ControllerAdvice
class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleIllegalArgumentException(
            IllegalArgumentException ex, WebRequest request) {

        Map<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        body.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now());
        body.put("status", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value());
        body.put("error", "Bad Request");
        body.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        body.put("path", request.getDescription(false));

        return new ResponseEntity<>(body, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleAllExceptions(Exception ex, WebRequest request) {

        Map<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        body.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now());
        body.put("status", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value());
        body.put("error", "Internal Server Error");
        body.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        body.put("path", request.getDescription(false));

        return new ResponseEntity<>(body, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
}

// 8. Health Check Controller
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/health")
class HealthController {

    @GetMapping
    public Map<String, Object> health() {
        Map<String, Object> health = new HashMap<>();
        health.put("status", "UP");
        health.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now());
        health.put("application", "Hello Spring Boot");
        health.put("version", "1.0.0");

        return health;
    }

    @GetMapping("/detailed")
    public Map<String, Object> detailedHealth() {
        Map<String, Object> health = new HashMap<>();
        health.put("status", "UP");
        health.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now());
        health.put("application", "Hello Spring Boot");
        health.put("version", "1.0.0");

        // Database check (simulated)
        health.put("database", Map.of(
            "status", "UP",
            "details", "Connection successful"
        ));

        // Memory check
        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        health.put("memory", Map.of(
            "total", runtime.totalMemory(),
            "free", runtime.freeMemory(),
            "used", runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory(),
            "max", runtime.maxMemory()
        ));

        return health;
    }
}

// 9. Model/DTO Classes
package com.example.hellospringboot.model;

class HelloRequest {
    private String name;
    private String language;
    private String message;

    // Constructors
    public HelloRequest() {}

    public HelloRequest(String name, String language, String message) {
        this.name = name;
        this.language = language;
        this.message = message;
    }

    // Getters and Setters
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getLanguage() {
        return language;
    }

    public void setLanguage(String language) {
        this.language = language;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

package com.example.hellospringboot.model;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

class HelloResponse {
    private String message;
    private String status;
    private LocalDateTime timestamp;
    private Object data;

    // Constructors
    public HelloResponse() {
        this.timestamp = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public HelloResponse(String message, String status) {
        this();
        this.message = message;
        this.status = status;
    }

    // Getters and Setters
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public LocalDateTime getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }

    public void setTimestamp(LocalDateTime timestamp) {
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
    }

    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(Object data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

// 10. Application Properties (src/main/resources/application.yml)
/*
spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-boot

server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: when-authorized

logging:
  level:
    com.example.hellospringboot: DEBUG
    org.springframework.web: INFO
  pattern:
    console: "%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - %msg%n"
    file: "%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"

info:
  app:
    name: Hello Spring Boot Application
    version: 1.0.0
    description: A simple Spring Boot Hello World application
*/

// Spring Boot JPA and Hibernate Examples

// 1. Maven Dependencies (pom.xml additions)
/*
<dependencies>
    <!-- Existing dependencies -->

    <!-- JPA and Database -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- H2 Database (for development) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- MySQL Database (for production) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Validation -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
*/

// 2. User Entity
package com.example.hellospringboot.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @NotBlank(message = "Name is required")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 100, message = "Name must be between 2 and 100 characters")
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String name;

    @NotBlank(message = "Email is required")
    @Email(message = "Email should be valid")
    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true)
    private String email;

    @Column(name = "phone_number")
    private String phoneNumber;

    private Integer age;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private UserRole role = UserRole.USER;

    @Column(name = "is_active")
    private Boolean active = true;

    @Column(name = "created_at")
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;

    @Column(name = "updated_at")
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;

    // One-to-Many relationship
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private Set<Post> posts = new HashSet<>();

    // Constructors
    public User() {
        this.createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();
        this.updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public User(String name, String email) {
        this();
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
    }

    // Getters and Setters
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPhoneNumber() {
        return phoneNumber;
    }

    public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public UserRole getRole() {
        return role;
    }

    public void setRole(UserRole role) {
        this.role = role;
    }

    public Boolean getActive() {
        return active;
    }

    public void setActive(Boolean active) {
        this.active = active;
    }

    public LocalDateTime getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }

    public void setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }

    public LocalDateTime getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }

    public void setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }

    public Set<Post> getPosts() {
        return posts;
    }

    public void setPosts(Set<Post> posts) {
        this.posts = posts;
    }

    @PreUpdate
    protected void onUpdate() {
        this.updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
               "id=" + id +
               ", name='" + name + ''' +
               ", email='" + email + ''' +
               ", role=" + role +
               ", active=" + active +
               '}';
    }
}

// 3. User Role Enum
package com.example.hellospringboot.entity;

public enum UserRole {
    USER,
    ADMIN,
    MODERATOR
}

// 4. Post Entity
package com.example.hellospringboot.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Entity
@Table(name = "posts")
class Post {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @NotBlank(message = "Title is required")
    @Size(max = 200, message = "Title must not exceed 200 characters")
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String title;

    @NotBlank(message = "Content is required")
    @Column(columnDefinition = "TEXT")
    private String content;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private PostStatus status = PostStatus.DRAFT;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false)
    private User user;

    @Column(name = "created_at")
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;

    @Column(name = "updated_at")
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;

    // Constructors
    public Post() {
        this.createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();
        this.updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public Post(String title, String content, User user) {
        this();
        this.title = title;
        this.content = content;
        this.user = user;
    }

    // Getters and Setters
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public PostStatus getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(PostStatus status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public LocalDateTime getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }

    public void setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }

    public LocalDateTime getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }

    public void setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }

    @PreUpdate
    protected void onUpdate() {
        this.updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }
}

// 5. Post Status Enum
package com.example.hellospringboot.entity;

public enum PostStatus {
    DRAFT,
    PUBLISHED,
    ARCHIVED
}

// 6. User Repository
package com.example.hellospringboot.repository;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.UserRole;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

    // Find by email
    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);

    // Find by name (case insensitive)
    List<User> findByNameIgnoreCase(String name);

    // Find by role and active status
    List<User> findByRoleAndActive(UserRole role, Boolean active);

    // Find by age range
    List<User> findByAgeBetween(Integer minAge, Integer maxAge);

    // Custom query with pagination
    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE " +
           "(:name IS NULL OR LOWER(u.name) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :name, '%'))) AND " +
           "(:email IS NULL OR LOWER(u.email) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :email, '%'))) AND " +
           "(:role IS NULL OR u.role = :role)")
    Page<User> findUsersWithFilters(@Param("name") String name,
                                   @Param("email") String email,
                                   @Param("role") UserRole role,
                                   Pageable pageable);

    // Count users by role
    long countByRole(UserRole role);

    // Check if email exists
    boolean existsByEmail(String email);

    // Native SQL query
    @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE created_at >= :startDate", nativeQuery = true)
    List<User> findUsersCreatedAfter(@Param("startDate") String startDate);

    // Find users with most posts
    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u LEFT JOIN u.posts p GROUP BY u ORDER BY COUNT(p) DESC")
    List<User> findUsersWithMostPosts(Pageable pageable);
}

// 7. Post Repository
package com.example.hellospringboot.repository;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.Post;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.PostStatus;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.List;

@Repository
public interface PostRepository extends JpaRepository<Post, Long> {

    // Find by user
    List<Post> findByUserId(Long userId);

    // Find by status
    List<Post> findByStatus(PostStatus status);

    // Find by user and status
    List<Post> findByUserIdAndStatus(Long userId, PostStatus status);

    // Search posts by title or content
    @Query("SELECT p FROM Post p WHERE " +
           "LOWER(p.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :keyword, '%')) OR " +
           "LOWER(p.content) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :keyword, '%'))")
    Page<Post> searchPosts(@Param("keyword") String keyword, Pageable pageable);

    // Find posts created within date range
    @Query("SELECT p FROM Post p WHERE p.createdAt BETWEEN :startDate AND :endDate")
    List<Post> findPostsByDateRange(@Param("startDate") LocalDateTime startDate,
                                   @Param("endDate") LocalDateTime endDate);

    // Count posts by user
    long countByUserId(Long userId);

    // Find recently published posts
    @Query("SELECT p FROM Post p WHERE p.status = :status ORDER BY p.createdAt DESC")
    List<Post> findRecentPosts(@Param("status") PostStatus status, Pageable pageable);
}

// 8. User Service
package com.example.hellospringboot.service;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.UserRole;
import com.example.hellospringboot.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

@Service
@Transactional
class UserService {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    @Autowired
    public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }

    public User createUser(User user) {
        if (userRepository.existsByEmail(user.getEmail())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Email already exists: " + user.getEmail());
        }
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    public User updateUser(Long id, User userDetails) {
        User user = getUserById(id);

        user.setName(userDetails.getName());
        user.setEmail(userDetails.getEmail());
        user.setPhoneNumber(userDetails.getPhoneNumber());
        user.setAge(userDetails.getAge());
        user.setRole(userDetails.getRole());
        user.setActive(userDetails.getActive());

        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    public void deleteUser(Long id) {
        User user = getUserById(id);
        userRepository.delete(user);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        return userRepository.findById(id)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("User not found with id: " + id));
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Optional<User> getUserByEmail(String email) {
        return userRepository.findByEmail(email);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Page<User> getAllUsers(Pageable pageable) {
        return userRepository.findAll(pageable);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Page<User> searchUsers(String name, String email, UserRole role, Pageable pageable) {
        return userRepository.findUsersWithFilters(name, email, role, pageable);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<User> getUsersByRole(UserRole role) {
        return userRepository.findByRoleAndActive(role, true);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<User> getUsersByAgeRange(Integer minAge, Integer maxAge) {
        return userRepository.findByAgeBetween(minAge, maxAge);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public long getUserCount() {
        return userRepository.count();
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public long getUserCountByRole(UserRole role) {
        return userRepository.countByRole(role);
    }
}

// 9. User Controller
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.UserRole;
import com.example.hellospringboot.service.UserService;
import jakarta.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
class UserController {

    private final UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    public UserController(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<User> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody User user) {
        User createdUser = userService.createUser(user);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(createdUser, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        User user = userService.getUserById(id);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Page<User>> getAllUsers(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "id") String sortBy,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "asc") String sortDir) {

        Sort sort = sortDir.equalsIgnoreCase("desc") ?
                   Sort.by(sortBy).descending() : Sort.by(sortBy).ascending();

        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, sort);
        Page<User> users = userService.getAllUsers(pageable);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(users);
    }

    @GetMapping("/search")
    public ResponseEntity<Page<User>> searchUsers(
            @RequestParam(required = false) String name,
            @RequestParam(required = false) String email,
            @RequestParam(required = false) UserRole role,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size) {

        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);
        Page<User> users = userService.searchUsers(name, email, role, pageable);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(users);
    }

    @GetMapping("/email/{email}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> getUserByEmail(@PathVariable String email) {
        Optional<User> user = userService.getUserByEmail(email);
        return user.map(ResponseEntity::ok)
                  .orElse(ResponseEntity.notFound().build());
    }

    @GetMapping("/role/{role}")
    public ResponseEntity<List<User>> getUsersByRole(@PathVariable UserRole role) {
        List<User> users = userService.getUsersByRole(role);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(users);
    }

    @GetMapping("/age-range")
    public ResponseEntity<List<User>> getUsersByAgeRange(
            @RequestParam Integer minAge,
            @RequestParam Integer maxAge) {

        List<User> users = userService.getUsersByAgeRange(minAge, maxAge);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(users);
    }

    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> updateUser(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody User userDetails) {
        User updatedUser = userService.updateUser(id, userDetails);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(updatedUser);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.deleteUser(id);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of(
            "message", "User deleted successfully",
            "status", "success"
        ));
    }

    @GetMapping("/stats")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getUserStats() {
        Map<String, Object> stats = Map.of(
            "totalUsers", userService.getUserCount(),
            "adminCount", userService.getUserCountByRole(UserRole.ADMIN),
            "userCount", userService.getUserCountByRole(UserRole.USER),
            "moderatorCount", userService.getUserCountByRole(UserRole.MODERATOR)
        );

        return ResponseEntity.ok(stats);
    }
}

// 10. Database Configuration (application.yml)
/*
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    username: sa
    password: password

  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: create-drop
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
    defer-datasource-initialization: true

  h2:
    console:
      enabled: true
      path: /h2-console

  sql:
    init:
      mode: always
      data-locations: classpath:data.sql
*/

// 11. Sample Data (src/main/resources/data.sql)
/*
INSERT INTO users (name, email, phone_number, age, role, is_active, created_at, updated_at) VALUES
('John Doe', '[email protected]', '123-456-7890', 30, 'USER', true, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Jane Smith', '[email protected]', '098-765-4321', 25, 'ADMIN', true, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Bob Johnson', '[email protected]', '555-123-4567', 35, 'USER', true, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Alice Brown', '[email protected]', '555-987-6543', 28, 'MODERATOR', true, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Charlie Wilson', '[email protected]', '555-246-8135', 42, 'USER', false, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);

INSERT INTO posts (title, content, status, user_id, created_at, updated_at) VALUES
('First Post', 'This is my first blog post content.', 'PUBLISHED', 1, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Draft Article', 'This is still a draft and needs more work.', 'DRAFT', 1, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Spring Boot Tutorial', 'Learn how to create Spring Boot applications.', 'PUBLISHED', 2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Java Programming', 'Advanced Java programming concepts and best practices.', 'PUBLISHED', 3, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
('Web Development', 'Modern web development with JavaScript frameworks.', 'ARCHIVED', 1, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
*/

// Spring Boot Security and JWT Examples

// 1. Maven Dependencies (pom.xml additions)
/*
<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Security -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JWT Support -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Existing dependencies -->
</dependencies>
*/

// 2. JWT Utility Class
package com.example.hellospringboot.security;

import io.jsonwebtoken.*;
import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class JwtTokenProvider {

    @Value("${app.jwt.secret:mySecretKey}")
    private String jwtSecret;

    @Value("${app.jwt.expiration:86400}")
    private int jwtExpirationInMs;

    private SecretKey getSigningKey() {
        return Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(jwtSecret.getBytes());
    }

    public String generateToken(Authentication authentication) {
        UserDetails userPrincipal = (UserDetails) authentication.getPrincipal();

        Date now = new Date();
        Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + jwtExpirationInMs * 1000);

        return Jwts.builder()
                .setSubject(userPrincipal.getUsername())
                .setIssuedAt(now)
                .setExpiration(expiryDate)
                .signWith(getSigningKey(), SignatureAlgorithm.HS512)
                .compact();
    }

    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parserBuilder()
                .setSigningKey(getSigningKey())
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        return claims.getSubject();
    }

    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parserBuilder()
                .setSigningKey(getSigningKey())
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        return claims.getExpiration();
    }

    public boolean validateToken(String token) {
        try {
            Jwts.parserBuilder()
                .setSigningKey(getSigningKey())
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJws(token);
            return true;
        } catch (JwtException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            // Log error
            return false;
        }
    }

    public String refreshToken(String token) {
        final Date createdDate = new Date();
        final Date expirationDate = calculateExpirationDate(createdDate);

        final Claims claims = getAllClaimsFromToken(token);
        claims.setIssuedAt(createdDate);
        claims.setExpiration(expirationDate);

        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .signWith(getSigningKey(), SignatureAlgorithm.HS512)
                .compact();
    }

    private Date calculateExpirationDate(Date createdDate) {
        return new Date(createdDate.getTime() + jwtExpirationInMs * 1000);
    }

    private Claims getAllClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        return Jwts.parserBuilder()
                .setSigningKey(getSigningKey())
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();
    }
}

// 3. JWT Authentication Filter
package com.example.hellospringboot.security;

import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenProvider tokenProvider;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
                                  HttpServletResponse response,
                                  FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            String jwt = getJwtFromRequest(request);

            if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt) && tokenProvider.validateToken(jwt)) {
                String username = tokenProvider.getUsernameFromToken(jwt);

                UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
                authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));

                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            logger.error("Could not set user authentication in security context", ex);
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private String getJwtFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String bearerToken = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            return bearerToken.substring(7);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

// 4. Custom User Details Service
package com.example.hellospringboot.security;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Collections;

@Service
class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Override
    @Transactional
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String usernameOrEmail) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        User user = userRepository.findByEmail(usernameOrEmail)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found with email: " + usernameOrEmail));

        if (!user.getActive()) {
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User account is disabled");
        }

        return UserPrincipal.create(user);
    }
}

// 5. User Principal Class
package com.example.hellospringboot.security;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

class UserPrincipal implements UserDetails {

    private Long id;
    private String email;
    private String password;
    private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;

    public UserPrincipal(Long id, String email, String password, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {
        this.id = id;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
        this.authorities = authorities;
    }

    public static UserPrincipal create(User user) {
        List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = Collections.singletonList(
            new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + user.getRole().name())
        );

        return new UserPrincipal(
            user.getId(),
            user.getEmail(),
            user.getPassword(),
            authorities
        );
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    @Override
    public String getUsername() {
        return email;
    }

    @Override
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
        return authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return true;
    }
}

// 6. Security Configuration
package com.example.hellospringboot.config;

import com.example.hellospringboot.security.JwtAuthenticationFilter;
import com.example.hellospringboot.security.CustomUserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.configuration.AuthenticationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
class SecurityConfig {

    @Autowired
    private CustomUserDetailsService customUserDetailsService;

    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider() {
        DaoAuthenticationProvider authProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
        authProvider.setUserDetailsService(customUserDetailsService);
        authProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
        return authProvider;
    }

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(AuthenticationConfiguration config) throws Exception {
        return config.getAuthenticationManager();
    }

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.cors().and().csrf().disable()
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
            .and()
            .authorizeHttpRequests(authz -> authz
                // Public endpoints
                .requestMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/api/public/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/h2-console/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/swagger-ui/**", "/v3/api-docs/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/products/**").permitAll()

                // Admin endpoints
                .requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .requestMatchers("/api/users/**").hasAnyRole("ADMIN", "MODERATOR")

                // Protected endpoints
                .requestMatchers("/api/profile/**").authenticated()
                .requestMatchers("/api/posts/**").authenticated()

                // Everything else requires authentication
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            )
            .authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider())
            .addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        // Allow H2 console frames
        http.headers().frameOptions().disable();

        return http.build();
    }
}

// 7. Authentication DTOs
package com.example.hellospringboot.dto;

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

class LoginRequest {

    @NotBlank
    @Email
    private String email;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(min = 6, max = 40)
    private String password;

    // Getters and Setters
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

package com.example.hellospringboot.dto;

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

class SignUpRequest {

    @NotBlank
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50)
    private String name;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 60)
    @Email
    private String email;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(min = 6, max = 40)
    private String password;

    // Getters and Setters
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

package com.example.hellospringboot.dto;

class JwtAuthenticationResponse {

    private String accessToken;
    private String tokenType = "Bearer";
    private Long expiresIn;

    public JwtAuthenticationResponse(String accessToken, Long expiresIn) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
        this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
    }

    // Getters and Setters
    public String getAccessToken() {
        return accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
    }

    public String getTokenType() {
        return tokenType;
    }

    public void setTokenType(String tokenType) {
        this.tokenType = tokenType;
    }

    public Long getExpiresIn() {
        return expiresIn;
    }

    public void setExpiresIn(Long expiresIn) {
        this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
    }
}

// 8. Authentication Service
package com.example.hellospringboot.service;

import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.JwtAuthenticationResponse;
import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.LoginRequest;
import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.SignUpRequest;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.UserRole;
import com.example.hellospringboot.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.hellospringboot.security.JwtTokenProvider;
import com.example.hellospringboot.security.UserPrincipal;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
class AuthService {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Autowired
    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenProvider tokenProvider;

    @Transactional
    public JwtAuthenticationResponse authenticateUser(LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(
            new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                loginRequest.getEmail(),
                loginRequest.getPassword()
            )
        );

        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);

        String jwt = tokenProvider.generateToken(authentication);

        return new JwtAuthenticationResponse(jwt, 86400L); // 24 hours
    }

    @Transactional
    public User registerUser(SignUpRequest signUpRequest) {
        if (userRepository.existsByEmail(signUpRequest.getEmail())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Email is already taken!");
        }

        User user = new User();
        user.setName(signUpRequest.getName());
        user.setEmail(signUpRequest.getEmail());
        user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(signUpRequest.getPassword()));
        user.setRole(UserRole.USER);
        user.setActive(true);

        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User getCurrentUser() {
        Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
        if (authentication != null && authentication.getPrincipal() instanceof UserPrincipal) {
            UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();
            return userRepository.findById(userPrincipal.getId())
                    .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("User not found"));
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("User not authenticated");
    }
}

// 9. Authentication Controller
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.JwtAuthenticationResponse;
import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.LoginRequest;
import com.example.hellospringboot.dto.SignUpRequest;
import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.service.AuthService;
import jakarta.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private AuthService authService;

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<JwtAuthenticationResponse> authenticateUser(@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        JwtAuthenticationResponse response = authService.authenticateUser(loginRequest);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }

    @PostMapping("/register")
    public ResponseEntity<User> registerUser(@Valid @RequestBody SignUpRequest signUpRequest) {
        User user = authService.registerUser(signUpRequest);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(user, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @GetMapping("/me")
    public ResponseEntity<User> getCurrentUser() {
        User user = authService.getCurrentUser();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
    }
}

// 10. Protected Resource Example
package com.example.hellospringboot.controller;

import com.example.hellospringboot.entity.User;
import com.example.hellospringboot.service.AuthService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/profile")
class ProfileController {

    @Autowired
    private AuthService authService;

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<User> getProfile() {
        User user = authService.getCurrentUser();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
    }

    @GetMapping("/info")
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getProfileInfo() {
        User user = authService.getCurrentUser();

        Map<String, Object> info = new HashMap<>();
        info.put("user", user);
        info.put("message", "This is your protected profile information");
        info.put("accessLevel", "Authenticated User");

        return ResponseEntity.ok(info);
    }

    @GetMapping("/admin")
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> getAdminInfo() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of(
            "message", "This is admin-only information",
            "accessLevel", "Administrator"
        ));
    }

    @GetMapping("/moderator")
    @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'MODERATOR')")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> getModeratorInfo() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of(
            "message", "This is moderator+ level information",
            "accessLevel", "Moderator or Administrator"
        ));
    }
}

// 11. Application Properties (application.yml)
/*
app:
  jwt:
    secret: mySecretKey123456789012345678901234567890
    expiration: 86400 # 24 hours in seconds

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    username: sa
    password: password

  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: create-drop
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
        default_schema: PUBLIC

  h2:
    console:
      enabled: true
      path: /h2-console
      settings:
        web-allow-others: true

# Logging
logging:
  level:
    com.example.hellospringboot: DEBUG
    org.springframework.security: DEBUG
    org.springframework.web: INFO
    io.jsonwebtoken: DEBUG
*/