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RDB SSTable LevelDB RocksDB Memcached Binary KV-Store Encoding Lineage

· Last updated：2026-09-22

Decode binary key-value store artifacts byte by byte: Redis RDB snapshots, LevelDB/RocksDB WAL records and SSTable footers, Memcached binary packets, BoltDB and LMDB page headers — with keyspace hex-diff and TTL expiry matrix.

Details

What this tool helps you do

A forensic decoder for the binary encodings of the KV-store family.

Supported artifacts and what gets expanded:

· Redis RDB — "REDIS" magic + ASCII version, AUX fields (opcode 0xFA), SELECTDB (0xFE), RESIZEDB (0xFB), expiry opcodes FD/FC, every value type from plain strings (int8/16/32 and LZF-compressed) through list, set, zset (ASCII and binary-double scores), hash, zipmap, ziplist, intset, quicklist v1 and v2, listpack hash/zset/set (types 16/17/18/20), and the CRC-64 Jones trailer (verified).
· LevelDB / RocksDB write-ahead log — 32 KiB blocks, 7-byte record headers (masked CRC32C, u16 length, FULL/FIRST/MIDDLE/LAST types), zero trailers.
· LevelDB / RocksDB SSTable — 48-byte legacy footer (varint64 metaindex + index BlockHandles padded to 40 bytes + little-endian magic 0xdb4775248b80fb57 / 0x88e241b785f4cff7), data-block prefix compression with restart points.
· Memcached binary protocol — 24-byte header (magic 0x80/0x81, opcode, key/extras/value split, vbucket or status, opaque, CAS), per-opcode extras such as flags + expiry.
· BoltDB — 16-byte page header and meta page magic 0xed0cdaed. LMDB — MDB_page header flags (the format famously has no magic number).

Paste a second RDB snapshot to get a keyspace diff (added / removed / value-changed / TTL-drifted keys) and a TTL expiry matrix evaluated against your chosen reference time.

The RDB path is verified against real redis-server 7.2.4 dumps; module and stream value types (6/7/15/19/21) are reported but not expanded.

Execution

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Written by the Elysia Tools team

Tool usage guide

Learn when to use this tool, what it supports, and how real users apply it.

Key facts

Category
Converter
Input types
textarea, select, number
Output type
html
Sample coverage
4
API ready
Yes

Overview

The RDB SSTable LevelDB RocksDB Memcached Binary KV-Store Encoding Lineage decoder provides low-level forensic analysis for key-value store binary formats. It parses raw hexadecimal byte streams from Redis RDB snapshots, LevelDB and RocksDB write-ahead logs and SSTable footers, Memcached binary protocol packets, and BoltDB or LMDB page headers into structured structural reports with keyspace diffing and TTL expiry verification.

When to use

  • Analyzing corrupted or unreadable Redis RDB snapshot files and validating CRC-64 Jones checksums.
  • Debugging wire-level Memcached binary protocol packets, request/response flags, and extras structures.
  • Comparing two Redis RDB snapshots to track keyspace diffs, changed values, and drifting key TTLs.

How it works

  1. 1Paste the raw hexadecimal byte string representing your database snapshot, log chunk, or network packet into Binary Snapshot A.
  2. 2Select the specific storage engine format or leave it on Auto-detect to identify headers via magic bytes.
  3. 3Optionally paste a secondary snapshot hex string into Binary Snapshot B and configure a reference Unix timestamp to evaluate TTL expirations.
  4. 4Review the generated forensic report, which breaks down container encodings, opcode timelines, header fields, and keyspace diffs.

Use cases

  • Inspecting internal listpack, ziplist, or intset representations across Redis version upgrades.
  • Verifying Memcached binary protocol framing, CAS counters, status codes, and opaque values in network captures.
  • Auditing on-disk page allocation flags and meta headers for embedded BoltDB and LMDB databases.

Examples

1. Redis 7.2 RDB Keyspace Diff & Expiry Inspection

Database Administrator

Background

An engineer needs to verify state changes and TTL shifts between two consecutive Redis SAVE snapshots during a maintenance window.

Problem

Manual inspection of binary dump.rdb files cannot isolate modified keys or verify listpack containers without reloading into an instance.

How to use

Paste the first RDB dump hex into Snapshot A, the subsequent SAVE hex into Snapshot B, set referenceUnixSec, and select Redis RDB snapshot format.

format: redis-rdb, referenceUnixSec: 1790000000

Outcome

Receives an HTML report showing verified CRC-64 checksums, container breakdowns, and a keyspace diff table flagging added, removed, and TTL-drifted entries.

2. Memcached Binary Packet Troubleshooting

Backend Systems Engineer

Background

A service is experiencing cache synchronization anomalies over the Memcached binary protocol.

Problem

Hex dumps from packet captures must be dissected into individual request/response headers, extras, and status codes.

How to use

FAQ

Which Redis data types are decoded by this tool?

It unpacks strings (int8/16/32, LZF), lists, sets, sorted sets, hashes, zipmaps, ziplists, intsets, quicklist v1/v2, and listpack encodings. Module and stream types are flagged without deep expansion.

How does format auto-detection work?

It matches byte signatures against known headers, such as 'REDIS' for RDB snapshots, 0x80/0x81 for Memcached binary frames, SSTable footer magic values, or BoltDB meta magic.

What is the purpose of the Reference Time parameter?

It acts as the evaluation baseline to calculate whether millisecond and second TTLs in snapshots are active, expired, or drifted relative to that specific epoch timestamp.

Can this tool parse SSTable index structures?

Yes, it parses 48-byte legacy footers, metaindex/index BlockHandles, restart points, and block-level prefix compression for LevelDB and RocksDB.

Does it support differential analysis between two files?

Yes, pasting a second RDB dump into Snapshot B produces a keyspace comparison listing added, deleted, modified, and TTL-shifted keys.

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Paste concatenated packet hex bytes into Snapshot A and run the decoder under Auto-detect or Memcached binary protocol mode.

format: memcached-binary

Outcome

Inspects parsed 24-byte headers, extras flags, key/value offsets, CAS identifiers, and explicit error status values for every frame in the sequence.