Which concentration units can I use?

Any concentration unit can be used, including ng/µL, µg/mL, or nM, as long as the stock and target units match.

What does C1V1 = C2V2 calculate?

It calculates the stock volume as V1 = C2 × V2 ÷ C1, then gives the diluent volume needed to reach the final volume.

What does a 1:X dilution mean?

A 1:X dilution uses one part stock in X total parts, producing a final concentration of C1 ÷ X.

What if the calculated stock volume is very small?

A volume below 0.5 µL suggests using a two-step serial dilution; a volume below 2 µL suggests using a low-retention tip.

Can the calculator increase concentration?

No. A target concentration higher than the stock concentration is rejected because dilution cannot increase concentration.

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Nucleic Acid Dilution Calculator (C1V1 = C2V2)

DNA/RNA working-solution prep: C1V1 = C2V2 mode solves the stock volume V1 = C2V2/C1 plus diluent; 1:X mode gives final concentration C1/X and volumes. Unit-free algebra, pipetting safety advice (<0.5 µL suggests serial dilution), and impossible targets rejected. Sambrook & Russell / Thermo Fisher derived. Educational use only.

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2 examples

500 → 100 ng/µL in 50 µL: 10 µL stock + 40 µL buffer

A miniprep eluted at 500 ng/µL must become 100 ng/µL for a qPCR master mix. C1V1 = C2V2 gives V1 = 100 × 50 / 500 = 10 µL of stock plus 40 µL of buffer/nuclease-free water — a 5-fold dilution that is comfortably within accurate pipetting range.

{"result":"Mix 10 µL stock + 40 µL diluent → 50 µL at 100 ng/µL (5-fold).","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"c1v1","stockConc":500,"targetConc":100,"finalVolumeUl":50},"result":{"stockVolumeUl":10,"diluentVolumeUl":40,"finalConcentration":100,"dilutionFactor":5}}}

1:100 dilution of a 1000 ng/µL stock → 10 ng/µL at 1 + 99 µL

A high-concentration gBlocks stock (1000 ng/µL) is diluted 1:100 to 10 ng/µL in a 100 µL final volume: sample = 100/100 = 1 µL plus 99 µL buffer. The tool flags that 1 µL is small but pipettable and recommends a low-retention tip, pre-loading the diluent first.

{"result":"Mix 1 µL stock + 99 µL diluent → 100 µL at 10 ng/µL (100-fold).","metadata":{"input":{"mode":"dilutionFactor","stockConc":1000,"dilutionFactor":100,"finalVolumeUl":100},"result":{"stockVolumeUl":1,"diluentVolumeUl":99,"finalConcentration":10,"dilutionFactor":100}}}

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6 options

SettingsAdjust formats, ranges, numbers, and modes.6

Calculation ModeselectRequiredSolve for the stock volume from a target concentration, or dilute by a fixed 1:X factor.Stock Concentration (ng/µL)numberRequiredQuantified concentration of the stock (any unit — keep it identical to the target unit).Target Concentration (ng/µL)numberRequiredDesired working concentration (C1V1 = C2V2 mode; must not exceed the stock).Dilution Factor XnumberRequiredTotal-to-stock ratio of a 1:X dilution (dilution-factor mode; must be greater than 1).Final Volume (µL)numberRequiredTotal volume of the finished working solution.Decimal PlacesnumberOptional

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Nucleic Acid Dilution Calculator (C1V1 = C2V2)

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Examples

1. Prepare 50 µL at 100 ng/µL from a 500 ng/µL stock

2. Make a 1:100 dilution from a 1000 ng/µL stock

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