Docker und Kubernetes Beispiele

# Multi-stage Dockerfile for Node.js Application
# Stage 1: Build stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./

# Install dependencies
RUN npm ci --only=production && npm cache clean --force

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs
RUN adduser -S nodejs -u 1001

# Change ownership of the app directory
RUN chown -R nodejs:nodejs /app
USER nodejs

# Expose port
EXPOSE 3000

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3   CMD node healthcheck.js

# Start the application
CMD ["node", "server.js"]

# Stage 2: Production stage (if needed for smaller image)
# FROM node:18-alpine AS production
# WORKDIR /app
# COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
# COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app ./
# USER nodejs
# EXPOSE 3000
# CMD ["node", "server.js"]

version: '3.8'

services:
  # Web Application
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: myapp
    restart: unless-stopped
    env_file:
      - .env
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DB_HOST=database
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
      - DB_PORT=5432
      - REDIS_PORT=6379
    depends_on:
      database:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - app-network
    volumes:
      - app-logs:/app/logs
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "node", "-e", "fetch('http://localhost:3000/health').then(r => process.exit(r.ok ? 0 : 1)).catch(() => process.exit(1))"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 40s

  # PostgreSQL Database
  database:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    container_name: myapp-db
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_NAME:-myapp}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USER:-postgres}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./database/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${DB_USER:-postgres} -d ${DB_NAME:-myapp}"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  # Redis Cache
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: myapp-redis
    restart: unless-stopped
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "redis-cli -a "${REDIS_PASSWORD}" ping | grep -q PONG"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  # Nginx Reverse Proxy
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: myapp-nginx
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
      - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl:ro
      - nginx_logs:/var/log/nginx
    depends_on:
      - app
    networks:
      - app-network
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "wget", "--quiet", "--tries=1", "--spider", "http://localhost/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

volumes:
  postgres_data:
    driver: local
  redis_data:
    driver: local
  app-logs:
    driver: local
  nginx_logs:
    driver: local

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.20.0.0/16

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp-deployment
  namespace: production
  labels:
    app: myapp
    version: v1
    environment: production
spec:
  replicas: 3
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 0
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
        version: v1
        environment: production
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: myregistry/myapp:1.0.0
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: DB_HOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: myapp-config
              key: database_host
        - name: DB_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: myapp-secrets
              key: db_password
        - name: REDIS_HOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: myapp-config
              key: redis_host
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3000
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 3
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 3000
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 3
          failureThreshold: 3
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /app/config
          readOnly: true
        - name: logs-volume
          mountPath: /app/logs
      volumes:
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: myapp-config
      - name: logs-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: registry-secret
      nodeSelector:
        node-type: application
      tolerations:
      - key: "workload"
        operator: "Equal"
        value: "application"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                - key: app
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - myapp
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-service
  namespace: production
  labels:
    app: myapp
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
    protocol: TCP
    name: http
  selector:
    app: myapp

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: myapp-config
  namespace: production
data:
  database_host: "database-service.production.svc.cluster.local"
  redis_host: "redis-service.production.svc.cluster.local"
  app_config.json: |
    {
      "port": 3000,
      "logLevel": "info",
      "features": {
        "enableCache": true,
        "enableMetrics": true
      }
    }

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myapp-ingress
  namespace: production
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rate-limit: "100"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rate-limit-window: "1m"
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - myapp.example.com
    secretName: myapp-tls
  rules:
  - host: myapp.example.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: myapp-service
            port:
              number: 80

---
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: myapp-hpa
  namespace: production
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: myapp-deployment
  minReplicas: 3
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 70
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: postgres-statefulset
  namespace: database
  labels:
    app: postgres
    tier: database
spec:
  serviceName: postgres-service
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: postgres
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: postgres
        tier: database
    spec:
      securityContext:
        runAsUser: 999
        runAsGroup: 999
        fsGroup: 999
      containers:
      - name: postgres
        image: postgres:15-alpine
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: postgres
          containerPort: 5432
          protocol: TCP
        env:
        - name: POSTGRES_DB
          value: "myapp"
        - name: POSTGRES_USER
          value: "postgres"
        - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: postgres-secret
              key: password
        - name: PGDATA
          value: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: REPLICATION_MODE
          value: "master"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: postgres-storage
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
        - name: postgres-config
          mountPath: /etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf
          subPath: postgresql.conf
          readOnly: true
        - name: postgres-init
          mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
          readOnly: true
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "2Gi"
            cpu: "1000m"
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 3
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 3
          failureThreshold: 3
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "pg_ctl stop -m fast"]
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: postgres-storage
      labels:
        app: postgres
    spec:
      accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
      storageClassName: fast-ssd
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 20Gi
  volumes:
  - name: postgres-config
    configMap:
      name: postgres-config
  - name: postgres-init
    configMap:
      name: postgres-init

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: postgres-service
  namespace: database
  labels:
    app: postgres
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 5432
    targetPort: 5432
    name: postgres
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: postgres

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: postgres-config
  namespace: database
data:
  postgresql.conf: |
    # PostgreSQL configuration file

    # Connection settings
    listen_addresses = '*'
    port = 5432
    max_connections = 200

    # Memory settings
    shared_buffers = 256MB
    effective_cache_size = 1GB
    work_mem = 4MB
    maintenance_work_mem = 64MB

    # WAL settings
    wal_level = replica
    max_wal_size = 1GB
    min_wal_size = 80MB
    checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9

    # Replication settings
    max_wal_senders = 3
    wal_keep_size = 512MB
    hot_standby = on

    # Logging
    log_destination = 'stderr'
    logging_collector = on
    log_directory = 'pg_log'
    log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
    log_min_duration_statement = 1000
    log_checkpoints = on
    log_connections = on
    log_disconnections = on
    log_lock_waits = on

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: postgres-secret
  namespace: database
type: Opaque
data:
  password: c3VwZXJfc2VjcmV0X3Bhc3N3b3Jk  # base64 encoded
  replication-password: cmVwbGljYXRpb25fcGFzc3dvcmQ=  # base64 encoded

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: postgres-init
  namespace: database
data:
  01-init.sql: |
    -- Initialize database schema
    CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";
    CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "pg_stat_statements";

    -- Create application user
    CREATE USER app_user WITH PASSWORD 'app_password';
    GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE myapp TO app_user;

    -- Create tables
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
        id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4(),
        username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
        email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
        created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
    );

    -- Create indexes
    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_username ON users(username);
    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_email ON users(email);
    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_created_at ON users(created_at);

    -- Grant permissions
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON users TO app_user;

---
apiVersion: policy/v1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
  name: postgres-pdb
  namespace: database
spec:
  minAvailable: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: postgres

# Multi-stage Dockerfile for Go Application with security and optimization

# Stage 1: Base dependencies layer
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS base
WORKDIR /app
# Install build dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache git ca-certificates tzdata
# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup &&     adduser -u 1001 -S appuser -G appgroup

# Stage 2: Dependencies layer
FROM base AS deps
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build     go mod download &&     go mod verify

# Stage 3: Build stage
FROM base AS builder
ARG VERSION=dev
ARG COMMIT=unknown
ARG BUILD_TIME
COPY --from=deps /go/pkg/mod /go/pkg/mod
COPY . .
# Build the application
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build     CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build     -ldflags="-w -s -X main.version=${VERSION} -X main.commit=${COMMIT} -X main.buildTime=${BUILD_TIME}"     -a -installsuffix cgo     -o main ./cmd/server

# Stage 4: Test stage
FROM base AS tester
COPY --from=deps /go/pkg/mod /go/pkg/mod
COPY . .
# Run tests with coverage
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build     go test -v -race -coverprofile=coverage.out ./... &&     go tool cover -html=coverage.out -o coverage.html

# Stage 5: Security scanning stage
FROM base AS security
COPY --from=builder /app/main .
# Run security scan
RUN apk add --no-cache nmap &&     which gosec || (wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosec https://github.com/securecodewarrior/gosec/releases/download/v2.15.0/gosec_2.15.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz &&     tar xzf /usr/local/bin/gosec -C /usr/local/bin/ gosec &&     chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosec) &&     gosec ./...

# Stage 6: Production stage
FROM scratch AS production
# Import CA certificates from base stage
COPY --from=base /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/
# Import timezone data
COPY --from=base /usr/share/zoneinfo /usr/share/zoneinfo
# Import user and group from base stage
COPY --from=base /etc/passwd /etc/passwd
COPY --from=base /etc/group /etc/group
# Import the binary from builder stage
COPY --from=builder /app/main /app/main
# Use non-root user
USER appuser:appgroup
# Expose port
EXPOSE 8080
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3   CMD ["/app/main", "--health-check"]
# Set entrypoint
ENTRYPOINT ["/app/main"]
# Default command
CMD ["--config", "/config/config.yaml"]

# Stage 7: Development stage (with debugging)
FROM base AS development
RUN go install github.com/cosmtrek/air@latest
COPY --from=deps /go/pkg/mod /go/pkg/mod
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080 4000
CMD ["air", "-c", ".air.toml"]