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Exemplos de Data e Hora Web Python
Exemplos de data e hora Web Python incluindo obter hora atual, formatação, análise e operações de fuso horário
Exemplos
Entradas desta coleção
CódigopythonSimples
Obter Hora Atual
Obter data e hora atual do sistema usando módulos datetime e time com vários níveis de precisão
Dificuldade
3/10
Tempo estimado
20 min
Etiquetas
python, web, datetime, time
Pré-requisitos
Basic Python, datetime module
python
# Web Python Get Current Time Examples
# Getting current system time and date with various precision
# 1. Basic Current Time
from datetime import datetime, date, time, timezone
from time import time as time_time, time_ns, ctime, localtime, gmtime, strftime
import time
def get_current_datetime() -> datetime:
"""
Get current date and time
Returns:
Current datetime object
"""
return datetime.now()
def get_current_date() -> date:
"""
Get current date only
Returns:
Current date object
"""
return date.today()
def get_current_time() -> time:
"""
Get current time only
Returns:
Current time object
"""
return datetime.now().time()
def get_current_timestamp() -> float:
"""
Get current Unix timestamp
Returns:
Timestamp as float
"""
return time.time()
def get_current_timestamp_ns() -> int:
"""
Get current Unix timestamp in nanoseconds
Returns:
Timestamp as integer (nanoseconds)
"""
return time.time_ns()
# 2. Time with Timezone
def get_utc_now() -> datetime:
"""
Get current UTC time
Returns:
Current UTC datetime
"""
return datetime.now(timezone.utc)
def get_current_timezone() -> datetime:
"""
Get current time with local timezone
Returns:
Current datetime with local timezone
"""
return datetime.now().astimezone()
def get_timezone_offset() -> int:
"""
Get local timezone offset in seconds
Returns:
Offset in seconds
"""
return time.timezone if time.daylight == 0 else time.altzone
def get_timezone_name() -> str:
"""
Get local timezone name
Returns:
Timezone name
"""
return time.tzname[time.daylight]
# 3. High Precision Time
def get_high_precision_time() -> float:
"""
Get time with high precision
Returns:
Time as float (seconds since epoch)
"""
return time_time()
def get_monotonic_time() -> float:
"""
Get monotonic time (cannot go backwards)
Returns:
Monotonic clock time
"""
return time.monotonic()
def get_perf_counter() -> float:
"""
Get performance counter time (highest resolution)
Returns:
Performance counter time
"""
return time.perf_counter()
def get_process_time() -> float:
"""
Get process CPU time
Returns:
Process CPU time
"""
return time.process_time()
def get_thread_time() -> float:
"""
Get thread CPU time
Returns:
Thread CPU time
"""
return time.thread_time()
# 4. Time Components
def get_current_year() -> int:
"""Get current year"""
return datetime.now().year
def get_current_month() -> int:
"""Get current month (1-12)"""
return datetime.now().month
def get_current_day() -> int:
"""Get current day of month (1-31)"""
return datetime.now().day
def get_current_hour() -> int:
"""Get current hour (0-23)"""
return datetime.now().hour
def get_current_minute() -> int:
"""Get current minute (0-59)"""
return datetime.now().minute
def get_current_second() -> int:
"""Get current second (0-59)"""
return datetime.now().second
def get_current_microsecond() -> int:
"""Get current microsecond (0-999999)"""
return datetime.now().microsecond
def get_time_components() -> dict:
"""
Get all time components as dictionary
Returns:
Dictionary with all components
"""
now = datetime.now()
return {
'year': now.year,
'month': now.month,
'day': now.day,
'hour': now.hour,
'minute': now.minute,
'second': now.second,
'microsecond': now.microsecond,
'weekday': now.weekday(),
'iso_weekday': now.isoweekday()
}
# 5. Week and Day Information
def get_current_weekday() -> int:
"""
Get current weekday (0=Monday, 6=Sunday)
Returns:
Weekday number
"""
return datetime.now().weekday()
def get_current_iso_weekday() -> int:
"""
Get current ISO weekday (1=Monday, 7=Sunday)
Returns:
ISO weekday number
"""
return datetime.now().isoweekday()
def get_week_of_year() -> int:
"""
Get current week of year
Returns:
Week number (1-53)
"""
return datetime.now().isocalendar()[1]
def get_day_of_year() -> int:
"""
Get current day of year
Returns:
Day of year (1-366)
"""
return datetime.now().timetuple().tm_yday
def get_weekday_name() -> str:
"""
Get current weekday name
Returns:
Weekday name (e.g., 'Monday')
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%A')
def get_month_name() -> str:
"""
Get current month name
Returns:
Month name (e.g., 'January')
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%B')
def get_weekday_name_abbreviated() -> str:
"""
Get abbreviated weekday name
Returns:
Abbreviated weekday name (e.g., 'Mon')
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%a')
def get_month_name_abbreviated() -> str:
"""
Get abbreviated month name
Returns:
Abbreviated month name (e.g., 'Jan')
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%b')
# 6. Time Strings
def get_time_string() -> str:
"""
Get current time as string
Returns:
Time string (HH:MM:SS)
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')
def get_date_string() -> str:
"""
Get current date as string
Returns:
Date string (YYYY-MM-DD)
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
def get_datetime_string() -> str:
"""
Get current datetime as string
Returns:
DateTime string (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)
"""
return datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
def get_iso_datetime() -> str:
"""
Get ISO 8601 formatted datetime
Returns:
ISO formatted string
"""
return datetime.now().isoformat()
def get_ctime_string() -> str:
"""
Get ctime formatted string
Returns:
Ctime string
"""
return ctime()
def get_custom_format(format_string: str) -> str:
"""
Get time with custom format
Args:
format_string: Format string
Returns:
Formatted time string
"""
return datetime.now().strftime(format_string)
# 7. Relative Time
def get_time_since_epoch() -> float:
"""
Get seconds since Unix epoch
Returns:
Seconds since epoch
"""
return time.time()
def get_time_until_midnight() -> float:
"""
Get seconds until midnight
Returns:
Seconds until midnight
"""
now = datetime.now()
midnight = datetime.now().replace(hour=23, minute=59, second=59)
return (midnight - now).total_seconds()
def get_time_since_midnight() -> float:
"""
Get seconds since midnight
Returns:
Seconds since midnight
"""
now = datetime.now()
midnight = now.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
return (now - midnight).total_seconds()
def get_days_in_month() -> int:
"""
Get number of days in current month
Returns:
Days in month
"""
from calendar import monthrange
now = datetime.now()
return monthrange(now.year, now.month)[1]
def is_leap_year() -> bool:
"""
Check if current year is leap year
Returns:
True if leap year
"""
from calendar import isleap
return isleap(datetime.now().year)
# 8. Multiple Time Representations
def get_all_time_formats() -> dict:
"""
Get time in all common formats
Returns:
Dictionary with various formats
"""
now = datetime.now()
return {
'iso': now.isoformat(),
'timestamp': time.time(),
'ctime': ctime(),
'date': get_date_string(),
'time': get_time_string(),
'datetime': get_datetime_string(),
'year': now.year,
'month': now.month,
'day': now.day,
'hour': now.hour,
'minute': now.minute,
'second': now.second
}
# 9. Time Measurements
def measure_time_start() -> float:
"""
Start time measurement
Returns:
Start time
"""
return time.perf_counter()
def measure_time_end(start_time: float) -> float:
"""
End time measurement
Args:
start_time: Start time from measure_time_start
Returns:
Elapsed time in seconds
"""
return time.perf_counter() - start_time
# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_get_current_time():
print("=== Web Python Get Current Time Examples ===\n")
# 1. Basic time
print("--- 1. Basic Current Time ---")
print(f"Current datetime: {get_current_datetime()}")
print(f"Current date: {get_current_date()}")
print(f"Current time: {get_current_time()}")
print(f"Unix timestamp: {get_current_timestamp()}")
print(f"Timestamp (ns): {get_current_timestamp_ns()}")
# 2. Timezone
print("\n--- 2. Timezone Information ---")
print(f"UTC now: {get_utc_now()}")
print(f"Local timezone: {get_current_timezone()}")
print(f"Timezone offset: {get_timezone_offset()} seconds")
print(f"Timezone name: {get_timezone_name()}")
# 3. High precision
print("\n--- 3. High Precision Time ---")
print(f"High precision: {get_high_precision_time()}")
print(f"Monotonic: {get_monotonic_time()}")
print(f"Perf counter: {get_perf_counter()}")
print(f"Process time: {get_process_time()}")
# 4. Components
print("\n--- 4. Time Components ---")
print(f"Time components: {get_time_components()}")
# 5. Week/Day info
print("\n--- 5. Week and Day Information ---")
print(f"Weekday (0=Mon): {get_current_weekday()}")
print(f"ISO weekday (1=Mon): {get_current_iso_weekday()}")
print(f"Week of year: {get_week_of_year()}")
print(f"Day of year: {get_day_of_year()}")
print(f"Weekday name: {get_weekday_name()}")
print(f"Month name: {get_month_name()}")
# 6. String formats
print("\n--- 6. String Formats ---")
print(f"Time string: {get_time_string()}")
print(f"Date string: {get_date_string()}")
print(f"DateTime string: {get_datetime_string()}")
print(f"ISO format: {get_iso_datetime()}")
print(f"Custom format: {get_custom_format('%d/%m/%Y %H:%M')}")
# 7. Relative time
print("\n--- 7. Relative Time ---")
print(f"Until midnight: {get_time_until_midnight():.0f} seconds")
print(f"Since midnight: {get_time_since_midnight():.0f} seconds")
print(f"Days in month: {get_days_in_month()}")
print(f"Is leap year: {is_leap_year()}")
# 8. All formats
print("\n--- 8. All Formats ---")
all_formats = get_all_time_formats()
for key, value in all_formats.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
# 9. Time measurement
print("\n--- 9. Time Measurement ---")
start = measure_time_start()
time.sleep(0.1) # Simulate work
elapsed = measure_time_end(start)
print(f"Elapsed time: {elapsed:.3f} seconds")
print("\n=== All Get Current Time Examples Completed ===")
# Export functions
# export { get_current_datetime, get_current_date, get_current_time }
# export { get_current_timestamp, get_current_timestamp_ns }
# export { get_utc_now, get_current_timezone, get_timezone_offset, get_timezone_name }
# export { get_high_precision_time, get_monotonic_time, get_perf_counter }
# export { get_process_time, get_thread_time }
# export { get_current_year, get_current_month, get_current_day }
# export { get_current_hour, get_current_minute, get_current_second, get_current_microsecond }
# export { get_time_components }
# export { get_current_weekday, get_current_iso_weekday, get_week_of_year, get_day_of_year }
# export { get_weekday_name, get_month_name, get_weekday_name_abbreviated, get_month_name_abbreviated }
# export { get_time_string, get_date_string, get_datetime_string, get_iso_datetime }
# export { get_ctime_string, get_custom_format }
# export { get_time_since_epoch, get_time_until_midnight, get_time_since_midnight }
# export { get_days_in_month, is_leap_year }
# export { get_all_time_formats }
# export { measure_time_start, measure_time_end }
# export { demonstrate_get_current_time }
CódigopythonIntermediário
Formatação de Hora
Formatar objetos datetime em strings usando vários códigos de formato e padrões personalizados
Dificuldade
5/10
Tempo estimado
25 min
Etiquetas
python, web, datetime, formatting
Pré-requisitos
Intermediate Python, datetime module, strftime
python
# Web Python Time Formatting Examples
# Converting datetime objects to formatted strings
# 1. Standard Format Codes
from datetime import datetime, date, time
from typing import Optional
def format_year(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""Format year (YYYY or YY)"""
return {
'full': dt.strftime('%Y'),
'short': dt.strftime('%y'),
'iso': dt.isoformat()
}
def format_month(dt: datetime) -> dict:
"""
Format month in various ways
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Dictionary with various formats
"""
return {
'numeric': dt.strftime('%m'),
'numeric_zero': dt.strftime('%-m'),
'name': dt.strftime('%B'),
'name_abbrev': dt.strftime('%b')
}
def format_day(dt: datetime) -> dict:
"""
Format day in various ways
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Dictionary with various formats
"""
return {
'numeric': dt.strftime('%d'),
'numeric_space': dt.strftime('%e'),
'with_ordinal': str(dt.day) + ('th' if 11 <= dt.day <= 13 else {1:'st', 2:'nd', 3:'rd'}.get(dt.day % 10, 'th')),
'name': dt.strftime('%A'),
'name_abbrev': dt.strftime('%a')
}
def format_time(dt: datetime) -> dict:
"""
Format time in various ways
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Dictionary with various formats
"""
return {
'24h': dt.strftime('%H:%M:%S'),
'12h': dt.strftime('%I:%M:%S %p'),
'24h_short': dt.strftime('%H:%M'),
'12h_short': dt.strftime('%I:%M %p'),
'hour_24': dt.strftime('%H'),
'hour_12': dt.strftime('%I'),
'minute': dt.strftime('%M'),
'second': dt.strftime('%S'),
'period': dt.strftime('%p')
}
# 2. Common Date Formats
def format_iso8601(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as ISO 8601
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
ISO 8601 string
"""
return dt.isoformat()
def format_rfc2822(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as RFC 2822 (email format)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
RFC 2822 string
"""
return dt.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z')
def format_rfc3339(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as RFC 3339
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
RFC 3339 string
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z')
def format_http_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as HTTP date
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
HTTP date string
"""
return dt.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
# 3. Regional Formats
def format_us_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as US date (MM/DD/YYYY)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
US format date
"""
return dt.strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
def format_eu_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as European date (DD/MM/YYYY)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
European format date
"""
return dt.strftime('%d/%m/%Y')
def format_iso_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
ISO format date
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
def format_chinese_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as Chinese date (YYYY年MM月DD日)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Chinese format date
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y年%m月%d日')
def format_japanese_date(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as Japanese date (YYYY年MM月DD日)
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Japanese format date
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y年%m月%d日')
# 4. Custom Formats
def format_readable(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format in human-readable form
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Readable string
"""
return dt.strftime('%A, %B %d, %Y at %I:%M %p')
def format_compact(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format in compact form
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Compact string
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
def format_with_timezone(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format with timezone info
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
String with timezone
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z')
def format_friendly(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format in friendly form
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Friendly string
"""
now = datetime.now()
diff = (now - dt).total_seconds()
if diff < 60:
return 'just now'
elif diff < 3600:
minutes = int(diff / 60)
return f'{minutes} minute{"s" if minutes > 1 else ""} ago'
elif diff < 86400:
hours = int(diff / 3600)
return f'{hours} hour{"s" if hours > 1 else ""} ago'
elif diff < 604800:
days = int(diff / 86400)
return f'{days} day{"s" if days > 1 else ""} ago'
else:
return dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
# 5. Time Formatting
def format_duration(seconds: float) -> str:
"""
Format duration in human-readable form
Args:
seconds: Duration in seconds
Returns:
Formatted duration
"""
hours = int(seconds // 3600)
minutes = int((seconds % 3600) // 60)
secs = int(seconds % 60)
if hours > 0:
return f'{hours}h {minutes}m {secs}s'
elif minutes > 0:
return f'{minutes}m {secs}s'
else:
return f'{secs}s'
def format_duration_precise(seconds: float) -> str:
"""
Format duration with milliseconds
Args:
seconds: Duration in seconds
Returns:
Formatted duration with ms
"""
hours = int(seconds // 3600)
minutes = int((seconds % 3600) // 60)
secs = int(seconds % 60)
millis = int((seconds % 1) * 1000)
if hours > 0:
return f'{hours}h {minutes}m {secs}s {millis}ms'
elif minutes > 0:
return f'{minutes}m {secs}s {millis}ms'
else:
return f'{secs}s {millis}ms'
# 6. Relative Formatting
def format_relative_to_now(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format datetime relative to now
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Relative time string
"""
now = datetime.now()
diff = dt - now if dt > now else now - dt
seconds = diff.total_seconds()
future = dt > now
if seconds < 60:
amount = int(seconds)
unit = 'second'
elif seconds < 3600:
amount = int(seconds / 60)
unit = 'minute'
elif seconds < 86400:
amount = int(seconds / 3600)
unit = 'hour'
elif seconds < 2592000:
amount = int(seconds / 86400)
unit = 'day'
elif seconds < 31536000:
amount = int(seconds / 2592000)
unit = 'month'
else:
amount = int(seconds / 31536000)
unit = 'year'
plural = 's' if amount > 1 else ''
direction = 'in' if future else 'ago'
return f'{amount} {unit}{plural} {direction}'
# 7. Business Date Formats
def format_quarter(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format as quarter
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Quarter string
"""
quarter = (dt.month - 1) // 3 + 1
return f'Q{quarter} {dt.year}'
def format_week_number(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format with week number
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Week string
"""
return dt.strftime('%Y-W%W')
def format_day_of_year(dt: datetime) -> str:
"""
Format with day of year
Args:
dt: Datetime object
Returns:
Day of year string
"""
return dt.strftime(f'%Y-{dt.timetuple().tm_yday:03d}')
# 8. Locale-Aware Formatting
def format_with_locale(dt: datetime, locale: str = 'en_US') -> str:
"""
Format using locale settings
Args:
dt: Datetime object
locale: Locale string
Returns:
Localized format
"""
import locale
try:
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, locale)
formatted = dt.strftime('%c')
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, '') # Reset
return formatted
except:
return dt.strftime('%c')
# 9. Format Validation
def validate_format(format_string: str) -> bool:
"""
Validate format string
Args:
format_string: Format string to validate
Returns:
True if valid
"""
try:
datetime.now().strftime(format_string)
return True
except:
return False
def get_all_format_codes() -> dict:
"""
Get all format codes with examples
Returns:
Dictionary of format codes
"""
now = datetime(2025, 12, 31, 14, 30, 45)
return {
'Year': {
'%Y': now.strftime('%Y'), # 2025
'%y': now.strftime('%y') # 25
},
'Month': {
'%m': now.strftime('%m'), # 12
'%B': now.strftime('%B'), # December
'%b': now.strftime('%b'), # Dec
},
'Day': {
'%d': now.strftime('%d'), # 31
'%A': now.strftime('%A'), # Wednesday
'%a': now.strftime('%a'), # Wed
},
'Time': {
'%H': now.strftime('%H'), # 14
'%I': now.strftime('%I'), # 02
'%M': now.strftime('%M'), # 30
'%S': now.strftime('%S'), # 45
'%p': now.strftime('%p'), # PM
}
}
# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_time_formatting():
print("=== Web Python Time Formatting Examples ===\n")
now = datetime.now()
# 1. Standard formats
print("--- 1. Standard Format Codes ---")
print(f"Month formats: {format_month(now)}")
print(f"Day formats: {format_day(now)}")
print(f"Time formats: {format_time(now)}")
# 2. Common formats
print("\n--- 2. Common Date Formats ---")
print(f"ISO 8601: {format_iso8601(now)}")
print(f"RFC 2822: {format_rfc2822(now)}")
print(f"RFC 3339: {format_rfc3339(now)}")
print(f"HTTP date: {format_http_date(now)}")
# 3. Regional formats
print("\n--- 3. Regional Formats ---")
print(f"US: {format_us_date(now)}")
print(f"EU: {format_eu_date(now)}")
print(f"ISO: {format_iso_date(now)}")
print(f"Chinese: {format_chinese_date(now)}")
print(f"Japanese: {format_japanese_date(now)}")
# 4. Custom formats
print("\n--- 4. Custom Formats ---")
print(f"Readable: {format_readable(now)}")
print(f"Compact: {format_compact(now)}")
print(f"With timezone: {format_with_timezone(now)}")
print(f"Friendly: {format_friendly(now)}")
# 5. Duration formatting
print("\n--- 5. Duration Formatting ---")
print(f"3661 seconds: {format_duration(3661)}")
print(f"123.456 seconds: {format_duration_precise(123.456)}")
# 6. Relative formatting
print("\n--- 6. Relative Formatting ---")
future = datetime(2025, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
print(f"Relative to future: {format_relative_to_now(future)}")
past = datetime(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
print(f"Relative to past: {format_relative_to_now(past)}")
# 7. Business formats
print("\n--- 7. Business Date Formats ---")
print(f"Quarter: {format_quarter(now)}")
print(f"Week number: {format_week_number(now)}")
print(f"Day of year: {format_day_of_year(now)}")
# 8. Format codes reference
print("\n--- 8. Format Codes Reference ---")
codes = get_all_format_codes()
for category, items in codes.items():
print(f"\n{category}:")
for code, example in items.items():
print(f" {code}: {example}")
print("\n=== All Time Formatting Examples Completed ===")
# Export functions
# export { format_year, format_month, format_day, format_time }
# export { format_iso8601, format_rfc2822, format_rfc3339, format_http_date }
# export { format_us_date, format_eu_date, format_iso_date, format_chinese_date, format_japanese_date }
# export { format_readable, format_compact, format_with_timezone, format_friendly }
# export { format_duration, format_duration_precise }
# export { format_relative_to_now }
# export { format_quarter, format_week_number, format_day_of_year }
# export { format_with_locale }
# export { validate_format, get_all_format_codes }
# export { demonstrate_time_formatting }
CódigopythonIntermediário
Análise de Hora
Analisar strings em objetos datetime usando vários formatos e lidar com erros de análise
Dificuldade
5/10
Tempo estimado
25 min
Etiquetas
python, web, datetime, parsing
Pré-requisitos
Intermediate Python, datetime module, strptime
python
# Web Python Time Parsing Examples
# Converting strings to datetime objects with various formats
# 1. Basic Parsing
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional, List
import re
def parse_iso8601(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse ISO 8601 format
Args:
date_string: ISO format string
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
try:
return datetime.fromisoformat(date_string)
except:
return None
def parse_rfc2822(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse RFC 2822 format
Args:
date_string: RFC 2822 format string
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
try:
from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
return parsedate_to_datetime(date_string)
except:
return None
def parse_custom_format(date_string: str, format_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse using custom format
Args:
date_string: Date string
format_string: Format string
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
try:
return datetime.strptime(date_string, format_string)
except:
return None
# 2. Common Format Parsing
def parse_us_date(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse US date (MM/DD/YYYY)
Args:
date_string: US format date
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
formats = [
'%m/%d/%Y',
'%m/%d/%y',
'%m-%d-%Y',
'%m-%d-%y'
]
for fmt in formats:
result = parse_custom_format(date_string, fmt)
if result:
return result
return None
def parse_eu_date(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse European date (DD/MM/YYYY)
Args:
date_string: EU format date
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
formats = [
'%d/%m/%Y',
'%d/%m/%y',
'%d-%m-%Y',
'%d-%m-%y'
]
for fmt in formats:
result = parse_custom_format(date_string, fmt)
if result:
return result
return None
def parse_iso_date(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD)
Args:
date_string: ISO format date
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
formats = [
'%Y-%m-%d',
'%Y%m%d',
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'
]
for fmt in formats:
result = parse_custom_format(date_string, fmt)
if result:
return result
return None
# 3. Flexible Parsing
def parse_auto(date_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Auto-detect and parse format
Args:
date_string: Date string
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
# Try ISO 8601 first
result = parse_iso8601(date_string)
if result:
return result
# Try RFC 2822
result = parse_rfc2822(date_string)
if result:
return result
# Try common formats
formats = [
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%d',
'%d/%m/%Y',
'%m/%d/%Y',
'%d.%m.%Y',
'%m.%d.%Y',
'%d %b %Y',
'%d %B %Y',
'%b %d, %Y',
'%B %d, %Y',
'%Y%m%d',
'%d/%m/%y',
'%m/%d/%y'
]
for fmt in formats:
try:
return datetime.strptime(date_string, fmt)
except:
continue
return None
def parse_auto_list(date_string: str) -> List[datetime]:
"""
Parse and return all possible interpretations
Args:
date_string: Date string
Returns:
List of possible datetimes
"""
results = []
formats = [
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%d',
'%d/%m/%Y',
'%m/%d/%Y',
'%d.%m.%Y',
'%m.%d.%Y'
]
for fmt in formats:
try:
results.append(datetime.strptime(date_string, fmt))
except:
continue
return results
# 4. Time Parsing
def parse_time(time_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse time string
Args:
time_string: Time string
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
formats = [
'%H:%M:%S',
'%H:%M',
'%I:%M:%S %p',
'%I:%M %p',
'%H:%M:%S.%f',
'%I:%M:%S.%f %p'
]
for fmt in formats:
try:
parsed = datetime.strptime(time_string, fmt)
return parsed
except:
continue
return None
def parse_timestamp(timestamp: float) -> datetime:
"""
Parse Unix timestamp
Args:
timestamp: Unix timestamp
Returns:
Datetime object
"""
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
def parse_timestamp_ms(timestamp: int) -> datetime:
"""
Parse millisecond timestamp
Args:
timestamp: Millisecond timestamp
Returns:
Datetime object
"""
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp / 1000)
# 5. Relative Time Parsing
def parse_relative(relative_string: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse relative time strings
Args:
relative_string: Relative time (e.g., "in 5 minutes", "2 hours ago")
Returns:
Datetime object or None
"""
from datetime import timedelta
import re
now = datetime.now()
# Match patterns like "5 minutes ago", "in 2 hours", etc.
patterns = [
(r'(\d+)\s+second[s]?\s+ago', lambda m: now - timedelta(seconds=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'(\d+)\s+minute[s]?\s+ago', lambda m: now - timedelta(minutes=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'(\d+)\s+hour[s]?\s+ago', lambda m: now - timedelta(hours=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'(\d+)\s+day[s]?\s+ago', lambda m: now - timedelta(days=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'\s+in\s+(\d+)\s+second[s]?', lambda m: now + timedelta(seconds=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'\s+in\s+(\d+)\s+minute[s]?', lambda m: now + timedelta(minutes=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'\s+in\s+(\d+)\s+hour[s]?', lambda m: now + timedelta(hours=int(m.group(1)))),
(r'\s+in\s+(\d+)\s+day[s]?', lambda m: now + timedelta(days=int(m.group(1)))),
]
for pattern, calculator in patterns:
match = re.search(pattern, relative_string, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
return calculator(match)
return None
# 6. Multi-Format Parsing
def try_multiple_formats(date_string: str, formats: List[str]) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Try multiple formats
Args:
date_string: Date string
formats: List of format strings
Returns:
First successful parse or None
"""
for fmt in formats:
try:
return datetime.strptime(date_string, fmt)
except:
continue
return None
# 7. Parser with Fallback
def parse_with_fallback(date_string: str, fallback: Optional[datetime] = None) -> Optional[datetime]:
"""
Parse with fallback on failure
Args:
date_string: Date string
fallback: Fallback datetime
Returns:
Parsed datetime or fallback
"""
result = parse_auto(date_string)
return result if result else fallback
# 8. Validation
def is_valid_date(date_string: str, format_string: str) -> bool:
"""
Validate date string against format
Args:
date_string: Date string
format_string: Format string
Returns:
True if valid
"""
try:
datetime.strptime(date_string, format_string)
return True
except:
return False
def get_detected_format(date_string: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""
Detect which format matches
Args:
date_string: Date string
Returns:
Format string or None
"""
formats = [
'%Y-%m-%d',
'%d/%m/%Y',
'%m/%d/%Y',
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
'%d %b %Y',
'%b %d, %Y'
]
for fmt in formats:
if is_valid_date(date_string, fmt):
return fmt
return None
# 9. Extract Date Parts
def extract_date_parts(date_string: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""
Extract date parts using regex
Args:
date_string: Date string
Returns:
Dictionary with parts or None
"""
# Try ISO format
match = re.match(r'(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})', date_string)
if match:
return {
'year': int(match.group(1)),
'month': int(match.group(2)),
'day': int(match.group(3))
}
# Try US format
match = re.match(r'(\d{2})/(\d{2})/(\d{4})', date_string)
if match:
return {
'month': int(match.group(1)),
'day': int(match.group(2)),
'year': int(match.group(3))
}
# Try EU format
match = re.match(r'(\d{2})/(\d{2})/(\d{4})', date_string)
if match:
return {
'day': int(match.group(1)),
'month': int(match.group(2)),
'year': int(match.group(3))
}
return None
# Usage Examples
def demonstrate_time_parsing():
print("=== Web Python Time Parsing Examples ===\n")
# 1. Basic parsing
print("--- 1. Basic Parsing ---")
iso = "2025-12-31T14:30:45"
print(f"ISO string: {iso}")
print(f"Parsed: {parse_iso8601(iso)}")
custom = "31/12/2025"
format = "%d/%m/%Y"
print(f"\nCustom: {custom} with format {format}")
print(f"Parsed: {parse_custom_format(custom, format)}")
# 2. Common formats
print("\n--- 2. Common Format Parsing ---")
us = "12/31/2025"
print(f"US date '{us}': {parse_us_date(us)}")
eu = "31/12/2025"
print(f"EU date '{eu}': {parse_eu_date(eu)}")
iso = "2025-12-31"
print(f"ISO date '{iso}': {parse_iso_date(iso)}")
# 3. Auto-detect
print("\n--- 3. Auto-Detection ---")
test_dates = ["2025-12-31", "31/12/2025", "12/31/2025", "Dec 31, 2025"]
for date in test_dates:
parsed = parse_auto(date)
print(f"'{date}' -> {parsed}")
# 4. Time parsing
print("\n--- 4. Time Parsing ---")
times = ["14:30:45", "2:30 PM", "14:30"]
for t in times:
parsed = parse_time(t)
print(f"'{t}' -> {parsed}")
# 5. Timestamp parsing
print("\n--- 5. Timestamp Parsing ---")
ts = 1735667445
print(f"Timestamp {ts}: {parse_timestamp(ts)}")
# 6. Relative time
print("\n--- 6. Relative Time Parsing ---")
relative = ["in 5 minutes", "2 hours ago", "3 days ago"]
for rel in relative:
parsed = parse_relative(rel)
print(f"'{rel}' -> {parsed}")
# 7. Multi-format
print("\n--- 7. Try Multiple Formats ---")
formats = ['%Y-%m-%d', '%d/%m/%Y', '%m/%d/%Y']
result = try_multiple_formats("2025-12-31", formats)
print(f"Result: {result}")
# 8. Validation
print("\n--- 8. Validation ---")
valid = is_valid_date("2025-12-31", "%Y-%m-%d")
print(f"Is '2025-12-31' valid for '%Y-%m-%d': {valid}")
invalid = is_valid_date("31-12-2025", "%Y-%m-%d")
print(f"Is '31-12-2025' valid for '%Y-%m-%d': {invalid}")
# 9. Format detection
print("\n--- 9. Format Detection ---")
test = "31/12/2025"
detected = get_detected_format(test)
print(f"Detected format for '{test}': {detected}")
# 10. Extract parts
print("\n--- 10. Extract Date Parts ---")
parts = extract_date_parts("2025-12-31")
print(f"Parts: {parts}")
print("\n=== All Time Parsing Examples Completed ===")
# Export functions
# export { parse_iso8601, parse_rfc2822, parse_custom_format }
# export { parse_us_date, parse_eu_date, parse_iso_date }
# export { parse_auto, parse_auto_list }
# export { parse_time, parse_timestamp, parse_timestamp_ms }
# export { parse_relative }
# export { try_multiple_formats }
# export { parse_with_fallback }
# export { is_valid_date, get_detected_format }
# export { extract_date_parts }
# export { demonstrate_time_parsing }
Ferramentas
Ferramentas frequentemente usadas com este exemplo
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