GraphQL-Abfragesprachen-Beispiele

# Basic GraphQL Query Examples
# =================================

# Simple field query
query GetUser {
  user(id: "1") {
    id
    name
    email
  }
}

# Query with arguments
query GetPosts {
  posts(limit: 10, offset: 0) {
    id
    title
    content
    publishedAt
  }
}

# Query with variables
query GetPostsByCategory($category: String!, $limit: Int = 5) {
  posts(category: $category, limit: $limit) {
    id
    title
    author {
      name
      avatar
    }
    createdAt
  }
}

# Variables for the above query
{
  "category": "technology",
  "limit": 10
}

# Nested query
query GetUserWithPosts {
  user(id: "1") {
    id
    name
    email
    posts {
      id
      title
      content
      comments {
        id
        text
        author {
          name
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

# Query with aliases
query GetUserData {
  firstUser: user(id: "1") {
    id
    name
    email
  }
  secondUser: user(id: "2") {
    id
    name
    email
  }
}

# Query with fragments
query GetUsersWithPosts {
  users {
    ...userDetails
    posts {
      ...postDetails
    }
  }
}

fragment userDetails on User {
  id
  name
  email
  avatar
}

fragment postDetails on Post {
  id
  title
  content
  publishedAt
  likes
}

# Query with directives
query GetPostsWithDirectives(
  $showContent: Boolean!,
  $hideDates: Boolean!,
  $showEmail: Boolean!
) {
  posts {
    id
    title
    content @include(if: $showContent)
    publishedAt @skip(if: $hideDates)
    author {
      name
      email @include(if: $showEmail)
    }
  }
}

# Variables for directives
{
  "showContent": true,
  "hideDates": false,
  "showEmail": false
}

# User Management System GraphQL Schema
# ========================================

# Schema definition
schema {
  query: Query
  mutation: Mutation
  subscription: Subscription
}

# Base scalar types
scalar DateTime
scalar Email
scalar URL
scalar JSON

# User type
type User {
  id: ID!
  email: Email!
  username: String!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  avatar: URL
  bio: String
  role: UserRole!
  status: UserStatus!
  profile: UserProfile
  preferences: UserPreferences
  permissions: [Permission!]!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  lastLoginAt: DateTime
}

# User profile with additional details
type UserProfile {
  userId: ID!
  phone: String
  dateOfBirth: DateTime
  address: Address
  socialLinks: [SocialLink!]
  settings: UserSettings
}

# Address type
type Address {
  street: String!
  city: String!
  state: String!
  country: String!
  postalCode: String!
  coordinates: Coordinates
}

type Coordinates {
  latitude: Float!
  longitude: Float!
}

# Social media links
type SocialLink {
  platform: SocialPlatform!
  url: URL!
  username: String
}

# User preferences
type UserPreferences {
  theme: Theme!
  language: String!
  timezone: String!
  notifications: NotificationPreferences!
  privacy: PrivacySettings!
}

# Notification preferences
type NotificationPreferences {
  email: Boolean!
  push: Boolean!
  sms: Boolean!
  marketing: Boolean!
}

# Privacy settings
type PrivacySettings {
  profileVisibility: VisibilityLevel!
  showEmail: Boolean!
  showPhone: Boolean!
  allowSearch: Boolean!
}

# User settings
type UserSettings {
  twoFactorEnabled: Boolean!
  emailVerified: Boolean!
  phoneVerified: Boolean!
  sessionTimeout: Int!
}

# User roles and permissions
enum UserRole {
  ADMIN
  MODERATOR
  USER
  GUEST
}

enum UserStatus {
  ACTIVE
  INACTIVE
  SUSPENDED
  PENDING_VERIFICATION
}

enum SocialPlatform {
  TWITTER
  FACEBOOK
  LINKEDIN
  INSTAGRAM
  GITHUB
}

enum Theme {
  LIGHT
  DARK
  AUTO
}

enum VisibilityLevel {
  PUBLIC
  FRIENDS
  PRIVATE
}

type Permission {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  description: String
  module: String!
}

# Input types
input CreateUserInput {
  email: Email!
  username: String!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  password: String!
  role: UserRole = USER
}

input UpdateUserInput {
  firstName: String
  lastName: String
  bio: String
  avatar: URL
  phone: String
  dateOfBirth: DateTime
}

input UserFilterInput {
  role: UserRole
  status: UserStatus
  search: String
  createdAfter: DateTime
  createdBefore: DateTime
}

input AddressInput {
  street: String!
  city: String!
  state: String!
  country: String!
  postalCode: String!
}

# Authentication types
type AuthPayload {
  token: String!
  refreshToken: String!
  user: User!
  expiresIn: Int!
}

type RefreshTokenPayload {
  token: String!
  expiresIn: Int!
}

input LoginInput {
  email: Email!
  password: String!
}

input RegisterInput {
  email: Email!
  username: String!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  password: String!
}

input ChangePasswordInput {
  currentPassword: String!
  newPassword: String!
}

input ResetPasswordInput {
  token: String!
  newPassword: String!
}

# Query root
type Query {
  # User queries
  me: User
  user(id: ID!): User
  users(filter: UserFilterInput, first: Int, after: String): UserConnection!
  searchUsers(query: String!, first: Int): [User!]!

  # Authentication queries
  verifyEmail(token: String!): Boolean!
  isUsernameAvailable(username: String!): Boolean!
  isEmailAvailable(email: Email!): Boolean!
}

# Mutation root
type Mutation {
  # Authentication mutations
  register(input: RegisterInput!): AuthPayload!
  login(input: LoginInput!): AuthPayload!
  logout: Boolean!
  refreshToken: RefreshTokenPayload!
  changePassword(input: ChangePasswordInput!): Boolean!
  forgotPassword(email: Email!): Boolean!
  resetPassword(input: ResetPasswordInput!): Boolean!
  verifyEmailToken(token: String!): Boolean!

  # User mutations
  updateProfile(input: UpdateUserInput!): User!
  updateAvatar(avatar: URL!): User!
  updatePreferences(preferences: UserPreferencesInput!): User!
  updateAddress(address: AddressInput!): User!
  addSocialLink(platform: SocialPlatform!, url: URL!): User!
  removeSocialLink(platform: SocialPlatform!): User!

  # Admin mutations
  updateUserRole(userId: ID!, role: UserRole!): User!
  updateUserStatus(userId: ID!, status: UserStatus!): User!
  deleteUser(userId: ID!): Boolean!
}

# Subscription root
type Subscription {
  # User subscriptions
  userUpdated(userId: ID!): User!
  userStatusChanged(userId: ID!): User!

  # Authentication subscriptions
  userLoggedIn(userId: ID!): User!
  userLoggedOut(userId: ID!): User!
}

# Relay pagination types
type UserConnection {
  edges: [UserEdge!]!
  pageInfo: PageInfo!
  totalCount: Int!
}

type UserEdge {
  node: User!
  cursor: String!
}

type PageInfo {
  hasNextPage: Boolean!
  hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
  startCursor: String
  endCursor: String
}

# Input for user preferences (nested object)
input UserPreferencesInput {
  theme: Theme
  language: String
  timezone: String
  notifications: NotificationPreferencesInput
  privacy: PrivacySettingsInput
}

input NotificationPreferencesInput {
  email: Boolean
  push: Boolean
  sms: Boolean
  marketing: Boolean
}

input PrivacySettingsInput {
  profileVisibility: VisibilityLevel
  showEmail: Boolean
  showPhone: Boolean
  allowSearch: Boolean
}

# E-commerce GraphQL API Schema
# ================================

schema {
  query: Query
  mutation: Mutation
  subscription: Subscription
}

# Custom scalars
scalar DateTime
scalar Decimal
scalar URL
scalar Email
scalar JSON

# Product types
type Product {
  id: ID!
  sku: String!
  name: String!
  description: String!
  shortDescription: String
  price: Decimal!
  comparePrice: Decimal
  costPrice: Decimal
  weight: Float
  dimensions: ProductDimensions
  images: [ProductImage!]!
  variants: [ProductVariant!]!
  category: Category!
  tags: [String!]!
  status: ProductStatus!
  featured: Boolean!
  seo: ProductSEO
  inventory: ProductInventory!
  pricing: ProductPricing
  reviews: ReviewConnection!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  publishedAt: DateTime
}

type ProductVariant {
  id: ID!
  sku: String!
  title: String!
  price: Decimal!
  comparePrice: Decimal
  weight: Float
  inventoryQuantity: Int!
  image: ProductImage
  option1: String
  option2: String
  option3: String
  selectedOptions: [SelectedOption!]!
}

type SelectedOption {
  name: String!
  value: String!
}

type ProductDimensions {
  length: Float!
  width: Float!
  height: Float!
  unit: DimensionUnit!
}

enum DimensionUnit {
  CM
  INCH
}

type ProductImage {
  id: ID!
  url: URL!
  altText: String
  position: Int!
  isPrimary: Boolean!
  width: Int
  height: Int
}

type ProductSEO {
  title: String
  description: String
  keywords: [String!]
  slug: String
}

type ProductInventory {
  quantity: Int!
  reserved: Int!
  available: Int!
  trackQuantity: Boolean!
  allowBackorder: Boolean!
  lowStockThreshold: Int!
  location: String
}

type ProductPricing {
  basePrice: Decimal!
  salePrice: Decimal
  taxAmount: Decimal
  taxIncluded: Boolean!
  currency: String!
}

enum ProductStatus {
  ACTIVE
  DRAFT
  ARCHIVED
  OUT_OF_STOCK
}

# Category type
type Category {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  slug: String!
  description: String
  image: URL
  parent: Category
  children: [Category!]!
  products(filter: ProductFilter, first: Int, after: String): ProductConnection!
  productCount: Int!
  seo: CategorySEO
}

type CategorySEO {
  title: String
  description: String
  keywords: [String!]
}

# Customer types
type Customer {
  id: ID!
  email: Email!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  phone: String
  avatar: URL
  birthday: DateTime
  gender: Gender
  addresses: [Address!]!
  defaultAddress: Address
  orders(filter: OrderFilter, first: Int, after: String): OrderConnection!
  wishlist: [Product!]!
  reviews: [Review!]!
  stats: CustomerStats!
  preferences: CustomerPreferences!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
}

enum Gender {
  MALE
  FEMALE
  OTHER
  PREFER_NOT_TO_SAY
}

type Address {
  id: ID!
  type: AddressType!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  company: String
  address1: String!
  address2: String
  city: String!
  province: String!
  country: String!
  postalCode: String!
  phone: String
  isDefault: Boolean!
}

enum AddressType {
  SHIPPING
  BILLING
}

type CustomerStats {
  totalOrders: Int!
  totalSpent: Decimal!
  averageOrderValue: Decimal!
  lastOrderDate: DateTime
  favoriteProducts: [Product!]!
  orderFrequency: Float!
}

type CustomerPreferences {
  language: String!
  currency: String!
  timezone: String!
  marketingEmails: Boolean!
  orderUpdates: Boolean!
  recommendations: Boolean!
}

# Order types
type Order {
  id: ID!
  orderNumber: String!
  customer: Customer!
  status: OrderStatus!
  financialStatus: FinancialStatus!
  fulfillmentStatus: FulfillmentStatus!
  currency: String!
  subtotal: Decimal!
  taxAmount: Decimal!
  shippingAmount: Decimal!
  discountAmount: Decimal!
  totalAmount: Decimal!
  items: [OrderItem!]!
  shippingAddress: Address
  billingAddress: Address
  transactions: [Transaction!]!
  fulfillments: [Fulfillment!]!
  events: [OrderEvent!]!
  notes: String
  customerNotes: String
  tags: [String!]!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  processedAt: DateTime
  cancelledAt: DateTime
  fulfilledAt: DateTime
}

type OrderItem {
  id: ID!
  product: Product!
  variant: ProductVariant
  quantity: Int!
  unitPrice: Decimal!
  totalPrice: Decimal!
  discountAmount: Decimal
  taxAmount: Decimal
  customizations: [OrderItemCustomization!]!
}

type OrderItemCustomization {
  name: String!
  value: String!
  price: Decimal!
}

enum OrderStatus {
  PENDING
  CONFIRMED
  PROCESSING
  SHIPPED
  DELIVERED
  CANCELLED
  REFUNDED
}

enum FinancialStatus {
  PENDING
  AUTHORIZED
  CAPTURED
  PARTIALLY_REFUNDED
  REFUNDED
  VOIDED
}

enum FulfillmentStatus {
  UNFULFILLED
  PARTIAL
  FULFILLED
}

type Transaction {
  id: ID!
  gateway: String!
  gatewayTransactionId: String!
  amount: Decimal!
  currency: String!
  status: TransactionStatus!
  kind: TransactionKind!
  errorCode: String
  errorMessage: String
  createdAt: DateTime!
  processedAt: DateTime
}

enum TransactionStatus {
  PENDING
  SUCCESS
  FAILURE
  CANCELLED
}

enum TransactionKind {
  AUTHORIZATION
  CAPTURE
  SALE
  REFUND
  VOID

type Fulfillment {
  id: ID!
  orderId: ID!
  status: FulfillmentStatus!
  trackingInfo: TrackingInfo
  items: [FulfillmentItem!]!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  shippedAt: DateTime
  deliveredAt: DateTime
}

type TrackingInfo {
  company: String!
  number: String!
  url: URL
}

type FulfillmentItem {
  id: ID!
  orderItemId: ID!
  quantity: Int!
}

type OrderEvent {
  id: ID!
  type: OrderEventType!
  message: String!
  metadata: JSON
  createdAt: DateTime!
}

enum OrderEventType {
  CREATED
  UPDATED
  CANCELLED
  PAYMENT_RECEIVED
  PAYMENT_FAILED
  FULFILLMENT_CREATED
  SHIPPED
  DELIVERED
}

# Cart types
type Cart {
  id: ID!
  customer: Customer
  items: [CartItem!]!
  subtotal: Decimal!
  taxAmount: Decimal!
  shippingAmount: Decimal!
  discountAmount: Decimal!
  totalAmount: Decimal!
  currency: String!
  appliedDiscounts: [AppliedDiscount!]!
  shippingAddress: Address
  billingAddress: Address
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  expiresAt: DateTime!
}

type CartItem {
  id: ID!
  product: Product!
  variant: ProductVariant
  quantity: Int!
  unitPrice: Decimal!
  totalPrice: Decimal!
  customizations: [OrderItemCustomization!]!
}

type AppliedDiscount {
  id: ID!
  code: String!
  amount: Decimal!
  type: DiscountType!
  description: String!
}

enum DiscountType {
  PERCENTAGE
  FIXED_AMOUNT
  FREE_SHIPPING
}

# Review types
type Review {
  id: ID!
  product: Product!
  customer: Customer!
  rating: Int!
  title: String
  content: String!
  images: [URL!]!
  verified: Boolean!
  helpful: Int!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
}

type ReviewConnection {
  edges: [ReviewEdge!]!
  pageInfo: PageInfo!
  totalCount: Int!
  averageRating: Float!
}

type ReviewEdge {
  node: Review!
  cursor: String!
}

# Input types
input ProductFilter {
  category: ID
  status: ProductStatus
  featured: Boolean
  priceMin: Decimal
  priceMax: Decimal
  search: String
  tags: [String!]
  inStock: Boolean
}

input CreateProductInput {
  sku: String!
  name: String!
  description: String!
  price: Decimal!
  categoryId: ID!
  images: [ProductImageInput!]!
  variants: [ProductVariantInput!]
  tags: [String!]
}

input ProductVariantInput {
  sku: String!
  title: String!
  price: Decimal!
  option1: String
  option2: String
  option3: String
  inventoryQuantity: Int!
}

input ProductImageInput {
  url: URL!
  altText: String
  position: Int
  isPrimary: Boolean
}

input AddToCartInput {
  productId: ID!
  variantId: ID
  quantity: Int!
  customizations: [OrderItemCustomizationInput!]
}

input OrderItemCustomizationInput {
  name: String!
  value: String!
}

input CreateOrderInput {
  cartId: ID!
  shippingAddress: AddressInput!
  billingAddress: AddressInput!
  paymentMethod: PaymentMethodInput!
}

input AddressInput {
  type: AddressType!
  firstName: String!
  lastName: String!
  company: String
  address1: String!
  address2: String
  city: String!
  province: String!
  country: String!
  postalCode: String!
  phone: String
}

input PaymentMethodInput {
  gateway: String!
  token: String!
  savePaymentMethod: Boolean = false
}

# Query root
type Query {
  # Product queries
  product(id: ID!, slug: String): Product
  products(filter: ProductFilter, first: Int, after: String, sort: ProductSort): ProductConnection!
  featuredProducts(first: Int): [Product!]!
  relatedProducts(productId: ID!, first: Int): [Product!]!

  # Category queries
  category(id: ID!, slug: String): Category
  categories(parentId: ID): [Category!]!

  # Customer queries
  me: Customer
  customer(id: ID!): Customer

  # Order queries
  order(id: ID!, orderNumber: String): Order
  orders(filter: OrderFilter, first: Int, after: String): OrderConnection!

  # Cart queries
  cart(id: ID): Cart
  activeCart: Cart

  # Search
  searchProducts(query: String!, first: Int, filter: ProductFilter): ProductConnection!
  suggestions(query: String!, limit: Int): [String!]!
}

# Mutation root
type Mutation {
  # Cart mutations
  addToCart(input: AddToCartInput!): Cart!
  updateCartItem(itemId: ID!, quantity: Int!): Cart!
  removeFromCart(itemId: ID!): Cart!
  clearCart: Cart!
  applyDiscountCode(code: String!): Cart!
  removeDiscountCode: Cart!

  # Order mutations
  createOrder(input: CreateOrderInput!): Order!
  updateOrderAddress(orderId: ID!, shippingAddress: AddressInput, billingAddress: AddressInput): Order!
  cancelOrder(orderId: ID!, reason: String): Order!

  # Customer mutations
  updateCustomer(input: UpdateCustomerInput!): Customer!
  addAddress(input: AddressInput!): Customer!
  updateAddress(id: ID!, input: AddressInput!): Customer!
  removeAddress(id: ID!): Customer!
  setDefaultAddress(id: ID!): Customer!

  # Review mutations
  createReview(productId: ID!, input: CreateReviewInput!): Review!
  updateReview(id: ID!, input: UpdateReviewInput!): Review!
  deleteReview(id: ID!): Boolean!
  helpfulReview(reviewId: ID!): Boolean!
}

input CreateReviewInput {
  rating: Int!
  title: String
  content: String!
  images: [URL!]
}

input UpdateReviewInput {
  rating: Int
  title: String
  content: String!
  images: [URL!]
}

input UpdateCustomerInput {
  firstName: String
  lastName: String
  phone: String
  birthday: DateTime
  gender: Gender
}

# Subscription root
type Subscription {
  # Cart subscriptions
  cartUpdated(cartId: ID!): Cart!

  # Order subscriptions
  orderUpdated(orderId: ID!): Order!
  orderCreated(customerId: ID): Order!

  # Product subscriptions
  productUpdated(productId: ID!): Product!
  lowStockAlert(productId: ID!): Product!
}

# Relay pagination types
type ProductConnection {
  edges: [ProductEdge!]!
  pageInfo: PageInfo!
  totalCount: Int!
}

type ProductEdge {
  node: Product!
  cursor: String!
}

type OrderConnection {
  edges: [OrderEdge!]!
  pageInfo: PageInfo!
  totalCount: Int!
}

type OrderEdge {
  node: Order!
  cursor: String!
}

# Sort enum
enum ProductSort {
  CREATED_AT_ASC
  CREATED_AT_DESC
  NAME_ASC
  NAME_DESC
  PRICE_ASC
  PRICE_DESC
  RATING_DESC
  BEST_SELLING
}

# Filter inputs
input OrderFilter {
  status: OrderStatus
  financialStatus: FinancialStatus
  fulfillmentStatus: FulfillmentStatus
  createdAfter: DateTime
  createdBefore: DateTime
  customerId: ID
}

type PageInfo {
  hasNextPage: Boolean!
  hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
  startCursor: String
  endCursor: String
}

# GraphQL Mutations Examples
# =============================

# User registration mutation
mutation RegisterUser($input: RegisterInput!) {
  register(input: $input) {
    token
    refreshToken
    user {
      id
      email
      username
      firstName
      lastName
      role
      createdAt
    }
    expiresIn
  }
}

# Variables for registration
{
  "input": {
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "username": "johndoe",
    "firstName": "John",
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "password": "SecurePassword123!"
  }
}

# User login mutation
mutation Login($input: LoginInput!) {
  login(input: $input) {
    token
    refreshToken
    user {
      id
      email
      username
      firstName
      lastName
      lastLoginAt
    }
    expiresIn
  }
}

# Variables for login
{
  "input": {
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "SecurePassword123!"
  }
}

# Create product mutation
mutation CreateProduct($input: CreateProductInput!) {
  createProduct(input: $input) {
    id
    sku
    name
    description
    price
    status
    category {
      id
      name
    }
    images {
      id
      url
      isPrimary
    }
    variants {
      id
      sku
      title
      price
      inventoryQuantity
    }
    createdAt
  }
}

# Variables for creating product
{
  "input": {
    "sku": "TSHIRT-001",
    "name": "Premium Cotton T-Shirt",
    "description": "High quality 100% organic cotton t-shirt",
    "price": "29.99",
    "categoryId": "1",
    "images": [
      {
        "url": "https://example.com/tshirt-front.jpg",
        "altText": "Front view of premium t-shirt",
        "position": 1,
        "isPrimary": true
      },
      {
        "url": "https://example.com/tshirt-back.jpg",
        "altText": "Back view of premium t-shirt",
        "position": 2,
        "isPrimary": false
      }
    ],
    "variants": [
      {
        "sku": "TSHIRT-001-S-BLK",
        "title": "Small Black",
        "price": "29.99",
        "option1": "Small",
        "option2": "Black",
        "inventoryQuantity": 50
      },
      {
        "sku": "TSHIRT-001-M-BLK",
        "title": "Medium Black",
        "price": "29.99",
        "option1": "Medium",
        "option2": "Black",
        "inventoryQuantity": 75
      }
    ],
    "tags": ["clothing", "cotton", "eco-friendly", "premium"]
  }
}

# Update product mutation
mutation UpdateProduct($productId: ID!, $input: UpdateProductInput!) {
  updateProduct(id: $productId, input: $input) {
    id
    name
    description
    price
    status
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for updating product
{
  "productId": "1",
  "input": {
    "name": "Premium Organic Cotton T-Shirt",
    "price": "34.99",
    "description": "High quality 100% GOTS certified organic cotton t-shirt with reinforced stitching"
  }
}

# Add to cart mutation
mutation AddToCart($input: AddToCartInput!) {
  addToCart(input: $input) {
    id
    items {
      id
      product {
        id
        name
        price
      }
      variant {
        id
        title
        sku
      }
      quantity
      unitPrice
      totalPrice
    }
    subtotal
    totalAmount
    currency
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for adding to cart
{
  "input": {
    "productId": "1",
    "variantId": "2",
    "quantity": 2,
    "customizations": [
      {
        "name": "Size",
        "value": "Large"
      },
      {
        "name": "Color",
        "value": "Navy Blue"
      }
    ]
  }
}

# Create order from cart
mutation CreateOrder($input: CreateOrderInput!) {
  createOrder(input: $input) {
    id
    orderNumber
    status
    totalAmount
    currency
    items {
      id
      product {
        name
      }
      quantity
      unitPrice
      totalPrice
    }
    shippingAddress {
      firstName
      lastName
      address1
      city
      country
      postalCode
    }
    createdAt
  }
}

# Variables for creating order
{
  "input": {
    "cartId": "cart_123",
    "shippingAddress": {
      "type": "SHIPPING",
      "firstName": "John",
      "lastName": "Doe",
      "address1": "123 Main Street",
      "city": "New York",
      "province": "NY",
      "country": "United States",
      "postalCode": "10001",
      "phone": "+1-555-0123"
    },
    "billingAddress": {
      "type": "BILLING",
      "firstName": "John",
      "lastName": "Doe",
      "address1": "123 Main Street",
      "city": "New York",
      "province": "NY",
      "country": "United States",
      "postalCode": "10001",
      "phone": "+1-555-0123"
    },
    "paymentMethod": {
      "gateway": "stripe",
      "token": "tok_1A2b3C4d5e6f",
      "savePaymentMethod": true
    }
  }
}

# Update customer profile
mutation UpdateProfile($input: UpdateCustomerInput!) {
  updateProfile(input: $input) {
    id
    firstName
    lastName
    phone
    birthday
    gender
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for updating profile
{
  "input": {
    "firstName": "Johnathan",
    "lastName": "Doe-Smith",
    "phone": "+1-555-0123",
    "birthday": "1990-01-15T00:00:00Z",
    "gender": "MALE"
  }
}

# Add customer address
mutation AddAddress($input: AddressInput!) {
  addAddress(input: $input) {
    id
    addresses {
      id
      type
      firstName
      lastName
      address1
      city
      country
      postalCode
      isDefault
    }
  }
}

# Variables for adding address
{
  "input": {
    "type": "SHIPPING",
    "firstName": "John",
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "company": "Acme Corp",
    "address1": "456 Business Ave",
    "address2": "Suite 789",
    "city": "San Francisco",
    "province": "CA",
    "country": "United States",
    "postalCode": "94102",
    "phone": "+1-555-0456"
  }
}

# Create product review
mutation CreateReview($productId: ID!, $input: CreateReviewInput!) {
  createReview(productId: $productId, input: $input) {
    id
    product {
      name
    }
    customer {
      firstName
      lastName
    }
    rating
    title
    content
    images
    verified
    createdAt
  }
}

# Variables for creating review
{
  "productId": "1",
  "input": {
    "rating": 5,
    "title": "Amazing Quality!",
    "content": "This is exactly what I was looking for. The material is soft and comfortable, and the fit is perfect. Highly recommend!",
    "images": [
      "https://example.com/review-image1.jpg",
      "https://example.com/review-image2.jpg"
    ]
  }
}

# Change password
mutation ChangePassword($input: ChangePasswordInput!) {
  changePassword(input: $input)
}

# Variables for changing password
{
  "input": {
    "currentPassword": "OldPassword123!",
    "newPassword": "NewSecurePassword456!"
  }
}

# Apply discount code to cart
mutation ApplyDiscountCode($code: String!) {
  applyDiscountCode(code: $code) {
    id
    subtotal
    discountAmount
    totalAmount
    appliedDiscounts {
      code
      amount
      type
      description
    }
  }
}

# Variables for discount code
{
  "code": "SUMMER2024"
}

# Update cart item quantity
mutation UpdateCartItem($itemId: ID!, $quantity: Int!) {
  updateCartItem(itemId: $itemId, quantity: $quantity) {
    id
    items {
      id
      quantity
      totalPrice
    }
    subtotal
    totalAmount
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for updating cart item
{
  "itemId": "item_123",
  "quantity": 3
}

# Cancel order
mutation CancelOrder($orderId: ID!, $reason: String!) {
  cancelOrder(orderId: $orderId, reason: $reason) {
    id
    orderNumber
    status
    cancelledAt
  }
}

# Variables for canceling order
{
  "orderId": "order_456",
  "reason": "Customer requested cancellation"
}

# Multiple mutations in one request
mutation UpdateProfileAndAddAddress(
  $profileInput: UpdateCustomerInput!,
  $addressInput: AddressInput!
) {
  updateProfile(input: $profileInput) {
    id
    firstName
    lastName
    updatedAt
  }

  addAddress(input: $addressInput) {
    id
    addresses {
      id
      type
      address1
      city
      isDefault
    }
  }
}

# Variables for multiple mutations
{
  "profileInput": {
    "firstName": "John",
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "phone": "+1-555-0123"
  },
  "addressInput": {
    "type": "SHIPPING",
    "firstName": "John",
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "address1": "123 Main Street",
    "city": "New York",
    "country": "United States",
    "postalCode": "10001"
  }
}

# GraphQL Subscriptions Examples
# ================================

# Subscribe to user updates
subscription UserUpdated($userId: ID!) {
  userUpdated(userId: $userId) {
    id
    username
    email
    status
    lastLoginAt
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for user subscription
{
  "userId": "123"
}

# Subscribe to order status changes
subscription OrderUpdated($orderId: ID!) {
  orderUpdated(orderId: $orderId) {
    id
    orderNumber
    status
    fulfillmentStatus
    trackingInfo {
      number
      company
      url
    }
    updatedAt
    events {
      type
      message
      createdAt
    }
  }
}

# Variables for order subscription
{
  "orderId": "order_456"
}

# Subscribe to new orders for a customer
subscription NewOrderForCustomer($customerId: ID!) {
  orderCreated(customerId: $customerId) {
    id
    orderNumber
    totalAmount
    status
    items {
      product {
        name
        image {
          url
        }
      }
      quantity
      totalPrice
    }
    createdAt
  }
}

# Variables for customer order subscription
{
  "customerId": "customer_789"
}

# Subscribe to cart updates
subscription CartUpdated($cartId: ID!) {
  cartUpdated(cartId: $cartId) {
    id
    items {
      id
      product {
        id
        name
        price
      }
      variant {
        id
        title
      }
      quantity
      totalPrice
    }
    subtotal
    totalAmount
    appliedDiscounts {
      code
      amount
      description
    }
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for cart subscription
{
  "cartId": "cart_123"
}

# Subscribe to product inventory changes
subscription ProductInventoryUpdate($productId: ID!) {
  lowStockAlert(productId: $productId) {
    id
    name
    sku
    inventory {
      quantity
      available
      lowStockThreshold
      trackQuantity
    }
    status
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for product inventory subscription
{
  "productId": "product_456"
}

# Subscribe to product updates
subscription ProductUpdated($productId: ID!) {
  productUpdated(productId: $productId) {
    id
    name
    price
    status
    images {
      url
      isPrimary
    }
    inventory {
      quantity
      available
    }
    updatedAt
  }
}

# Variables for product update subscription
{
  "productId": "product_789"
}

# Subscribe to user login/logout events
subscription UserAuthEvents($userId: ID!) {
  userLoggedIn(userId: $userId) {
    id
    username
    email
    lastLoginAt
    loginInfo {
      ipAddress
      userAgent
      location {
        city
        country
      }
    }
  }

  userLoggedOut(userId: $userId) {
    id
    username
    logoutAt
    sessionInfo {
      sessionId
      duration
    }
  }
}

# Variables for auth events subscription
{
  "userId": "user_123"
}

# Subscribe to order fulfillment updates
subscription OrderFulfillment($orderId: ID!) {
  orderUpdated(orderId: $orderId) {
    id
    orderNumber
    fulfillmentStatus
    fulfillments {
      id
      status
      trackingInfo {
        company
        number
        url
      }
      items {
        product {
          name
        }
        quantity
      }
      shippedAt
      deliveredAt
    }
  }
}

# Variables for order fulfillment subscription
{
  "orderId": "order_456"
}

# Subscribe to real-time notifications
subscription UserNotifications($userId: ID!) {
  notificationAdded(userId: $userId) {
    id
    type
    title
    message
    data
    read
    createdAt
    actionUrl
  }
}

# Variables for notifications subscription
{
  "userId": "user_123"
}

# Subscribe to live chat messages
subscription ChatMessages($chatRoomId: ID!) {
  messageAdded(chatRoomId: $chatRoomId) {
    id
    sender {
      id
      username
      avatar
    }
    content
    timestamp
    type
    metadata
  }
}

# Variables for chat subscription
{
  "chatRoomId": "room_456"
}

# Subscribe to live auction bids
subscription AuctionBids($auctionId: ID!) {
  bidPlaced(auctionId: $auctionId) {
    id
    amount
    bidder {
      id
      username
      avatar
    }
    timestamp
    isWinning
    auctionStatus
  }
}

# Variables for auction subscription
{
  "auctionId": "auction_123"
}

# Subscribe to live stock prices
subscription StockPrices($symbols: [String!]!) {
  priceUpdate(symbols: $symbols) {
    symbol
    price
    change
    changePercent
    volume
    timestamp
    marketOpen
  }
}

# Variables for stock prices subscription
{
  "symbols": ["AAPL", "GOOGL", "MSFT", "TSLA"]
}

# Subscribe to system status updates
subscription SystemStatus {
  systemStatusChanged {
    status
    services {
      name
      status
      responseTime
      lastCheck
    }
    message
    severity
    timestamp
  }
}

# Subscribe to multi-user collaboration
subscription DocumentUpdates($documentId: ID!) {
  documentUpdated(documentId: $documentId) {
    id
    content
    operation
    position
    length
    author {
      id
      username
      color
    }
    timestamp
    version
  }
}

# Variables for document collaboration subscription
{
  "documentId": "doc_123"
}

# Client-side subscription examples using Apollo Client
# ===================================================

import { gql, useSubscription } from '@apollo/client';

// React component for real-time order updates
const OrderTracker = ({ orderId }) => {
  const { data, loading, error } = useSubscription(ORDER_UPDATED_SUBSCRIPTION, {
    variables: { orderId },
    onSubscriptionData: ({ subscriptionData }) => {
      console.log('Order updated:', subscriptionData.data);
      // Handle order update (show notification, update UI, etc.)
    }
  });

  if (loading) return <p>Loading order updates...</p>;
  if (error) return <p>Error: {error.message}</p>;

  return (
    <div>
      <h3>Order Status: {data?.orderUpdated?.status}</h3>
      {data?.orderUpdated?.trackingInfo && (
        <p>Tracking: {data.orderUpdated.trackingInfo.company} {data.orderUpdated.trackingInfo.number}</p>
      )}
    </div>
  );
};

const ORDER_UPDATED_SUBSCRIPTION = gql`
  subscription OrderUpdated($orderId: ID!) {
    orderUpdated(orderId: $orderId) {
      id
      orderNumber
      status
      fulfillmentStatus
      trackingInfo {
        number
        company
        url
      }
      updatedAt
      events {
        type
        message
        createdAt
      }
    }
  }
`;

// Real-time cart updates using subscription
const CartRealTime = ({ cartId }) => {
  const { data, loading, error } = useSubscription(CART_UPDATED_SUBSCRIPTION, {
    variables: { cartId }
  });

  const cart = data?.cartUpdated;

  if (loading) return <p>Loading cart...</p>;
  if (error) return <p>Error: {error.message}</p>;

  return (
    <div>
      <h3>Cart Total: ${cart?.totalAmount}</h3>
      {cart?.appliedDiscounts?.map(discount => (
        <div key={discount.code}>
          <span>Discount: {discount.description} -${discount.amount}</span>
        </div>
      ))}
    </div>
  );
};

const CART_UPDATED_SUBSCRIPTION = gql`
  subscription CartUpdated($cartId: ID!) {
    cartUpdated(cartId: $cartId) {
      id
      items {
        id
        product {
          id
          name
          price
        }
        quantity
        totalPrice
      }
      subtotal
      totalAmount
      appliedDiscounts {
        code
        amount
        description
      }
      updatedAt
    }
  }
`;

// WebSocket subscription setup (Apollo Client 3)
import { WebSocketLink } from '@apollo/client/link/ws';
import { getMainDefinition } from '@apollo/client/utilities';
import { split, HttpLink } from '@apollo/client';

const wsLink = new WebSocketLink({
  uri: 'wss://your-graphql-endpoint/graphql/subscriptions',
  options: {
    reconnect: true,
    connectionParams: {
      authToken: 'your-jwt-token',
    },
  },
});

const httpLink = new HttpLink({
  uri: 'https://your-graphql-endpoint/graphql',
});

const splitLink = split(
  ({ query }) => {
    const definition = getMainDefinition(query);
    return (
      definition.kind === 'OperationDefinition' &&
      definition.operation === 'subscription'
    );
  },
  wsLink,
  httpLink
);

const client = new ApolloClient({
  link: splitLink,
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

# GraphQL Advanced Features and Best Practices
# ============================================

# Advanced query with directives, fragments, and aliases
query AdvancedProductSearch($filters: ProductFilter!, $userContext: UserContext) {
  searchProducts(filter: $filters) {
    products {
      ...productFields @include(if: $userContext.isLoggedIn)
      ...adminProductFields @include(if: $userContext.isAdmin)
      price @client
      inWishlist @client
      discountPrice: price @client @export(as: "productPrice")
    }
    totalCount
    facets {
      name
      values {
        value
        count
      }
    }
    pageInfo {
      hasNextPage
      endCursor
    }
  }

  wishlist @include(if: $userContext.isLoggedIn) {
    items {
      productId
      addedAt
    }
  }

  recommendations @skip(if: $userContext.hideRecommendations) {
    id
    name
    price
    rating
  }
}

fragment productFields on Product {
  id
  name
  description
  images {
    url
    altText
    isPrimary
  }
  category {
    name
    slug
  }
  variants {
    id
    title
    price
    inventoryQuantity
  }
}

fragment adminProductFields on Product {
  sku
  costPrice
  inventory {
    quantity
    reserved
    location
  }
  salesData {
    totalSold
    revenue
    lastSaleDate
  }
}

# Custom scalar types with validation
scalar DateTime @specifiedBy(url: "https://scalars.graphql.org/koizam/date-time")
scalar Decimal @specifiedBy(url: "https://scalars.graphql.org/koizam/decimal")
scalar Email @specifiedBy(url: "https://scalars.graphql.org/koizam/email")
scalar URL @specifiedBy(url: "https://scalars.graphql.org/koizam/url")
scalar JSON

# Union types for polymorphic responses
union SearchableItem = Product | Article | User | Category

type SearchResult {
  item: SearchableItem!
  relevanceScore: Float!
  highlights: [String!]!
}

query SearchEverything($query: String!, $types: [SearchableType!]) {
  search(query: $query, types: $types) {
    results {
      item {
        ... on Product {
          id
          name
          price
          images {
            url
          }
        }
        ... on Article {
          id
          title
          excerpt
          author {
            name
          }
        }
        ... on User {
          id
          username
          avatar
          bio
        }
        ... on Category {
          id
          name
          productCount
          image {
            url
          }
        }
      }
      relevanceScore
      highlights
    }
    totalCount
    searchTime
  }
}

# Interface types for shared fields
interface Node {
  id: ID!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
}

interface Commentable {
  id: ID!
  comments(first: Int, after: String): CommentConnection!
  totalComments: Int!
}

type Product implements Node & Commentable {
  id: ID!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  comments(first: Int, after: String): CommentConnection!
  totalComments: Int!
  name: String!
  price: Decimal!
}

type Article implements Node & Commentable {
  id: ID!
  createdAt: DateTime!
  updatedAt: DateTime!
  comments(first: Int, after: String): CommentConnection!
  totalComments: Int!
  title: String!
  content: String!
}

# Advanced input types with validation rules
input AdvancedProductFilter {
  category: ID @constraint(minLength: 1, maxLength: 50)
  priceRange: PriceRangeInput
  ratingRange: RatingRangeInput
  tags: [String!] @constraint(maxItems: 10)
  search: String @constraint(minLength: 2, maxLength: 100)
  inStock: Boolean
  featured: Boolean
  customAttributes: [CustomAttributeInput!]
}

input PriceRangeInput {
  min: Decimal @constraint(min: 0)
  max: Decimal @constraint(min: 0)
}

input RatingRangeInput {
  min: Float @constraint(min: 0, max: 5)
  max: Float @constraint(min: 0, max: 5)
}

input CustomAttributeInput {
  key: String! @constraint(minLength: 1, maxLength: 50)
  value: String! @constraint(minLength: 1, maxLength: 200)
  type: AttributeType!
}

enum AttributeType {
  TEXT
  NUMBER
  BOOLEAN
  DATE
}

# DataLoader integration for batch resolving
query BatchUserQueries($userIds: [ID!]!, $postIds: [ID!]!) {
  users: usersByIds(ids: $userIds) {
    id
    username
    email
    profile {
      avatar
      bio
    }
  }

  posts: postsByIds(ids: $postIds) {
    id
    title
    content
    author {
      id
      username
    }
    comments {
      id
      content
      author {
        id
        username
      }
    }
  }
}

# Caching directives
query CachedProductData($productId: ID!, $currency: String!) {
  product(id: $productId) {
    id
    name
    description @cache(ttl: 3600) # Cache for 1 hour
    price(currency: $currency) @cache(ttl: 300) # Cache for 5 minutes
    images @cache(ttl: 86400) # Cache for 24 hours
    inventory {
      quantity @cache(ttl: 60) # Cache for 1 minute
      available
    }
  }
}

# Error handling with extensions
mutation ComplexOrderOperation($input: CreateOrderInput!) {
  createOrder(input: $input) {
    success
    order {
      id
      orderNumber
      status
      totalAmount
    }
    errors {
      field
      message
      code
      extensions {
        severity
        retryable
        additionalInfo
      }
    }
    warnings {
      message
      code
    }
  }
}

# Rate limiting directives
query RateLimitedQueries($searchQuery: String!) {
  searchProducts(query: $searchQuery)
    @rateLimit(limit: 60, duration: "1m") # 60 requests per minute
  {
    products {
      id
      name
      price
    }
    totalCount
  }

  advancedAnalytics(userId: "current")
    @rateLimit(limit: 10, duration: "1m") # 10 requests per minute
  {
    purchaseHistory
    recommendations
  }
}

# Authentication and authorization directives
query SecureUserData($userId: ID!) {
  user(id: $userId) @auth(required: true) {
    id
    email
    profile {
      personalInfo @auth(role: "admin") # Only admins can see personal info
      financialData @auth(permission: "read_financial")
    }
  }

  sensitiveOperations @auth(role: "admin") {
    auditLogs
    systemMetrics
  }
}

# Complex mutations with validation
mutation ComplexProductCreation($input: ComplexProductInput!) {
  createProduct(input: $input) {
    product {
      id
      name
      price
      status
      validationErrors {
        field
        message
        severity
      }
    }
  }
}

input ComplexProductInput {
  # Basic info
  name: String! @constraint(minLength: 1, maxLength: 200)
  description: String @constraint(maxLength: 2000)

  # Pricing
  price: Decimal! @constraint(min: 0.01)
  comparePrice: Decimal @constraint(min: 0)

  # Inventory
  inventory: InventoryInput!

  # Media
  images: [ProductImageInput!] @constraint(minItems: 1, maxItems: 10)

  # Variants (optional)
  variants: [ProductVariantInput!] @constraint(maxItems: 100)

  # SEO
  seo: SEOInput

  # Advanced fields
  customFields: JSON
  webhooks: [WebhookInput!]
}

# Subscription filtering and permissions
subscription FilteredRealTimeUpdates(
  $filter: RealTimeFilter!
  $permissions: [String!]
) {
  realTimeUpdates(filter: $filter)
    @hasPermission(permissions: $permissions)
  {
    type
    entity {
      ...on Product {
        id
        name
        price
        inventory
      }
      ...on Order {
        id
        status
        totalAmount
      }
    }
    changes {
      field
      oldValue
      newValue
    }
    timestamp
    user {
      id
      username
    }
  }
}

# Federation for distributed schemas
# This would be in a product service
extend type Query {
  product(id: ID!): Product
    @requires(fields: "userId cartId")
  productsByCategory(categoryId: ID!): [Product!]!
}

extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID! @external
  preferences: UserPreferences @external
  recentProducts: [Product!]!
}

# This would be in a user service
extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID! @external
  preferences: UserPreferences @external
}

# Analytics tracking
query TrackedProductQueries($productId: ID!) {
  product(id: $productId) {
    id
    name
    price
    views @track(metric: "product_views")
    conversions @track(metric: "product_conversions")
  }

  relatedProducts(productId: $productId) {
    id
    name
    price
  }

  recommendations(userId: "current")
    @track(metric: "recommendations_shown")
  {
    id
    name
    score
    reason
  }
}

# Performance optimization with field selection
query OptimizedProductList($category: ID!, $fields: [String!]!) {
  products(category: $category) {
    id
    ... @include(if: $fields.contains("name")) {
      name
    }
    ... @include(if: $fields.contains("price")) {
      price
    }
    ... @include(if: $fields.contains("image")) {
      image {
        url
      }
    }
    ... @include(if: $fields.contains("description")) {
      description
    }
  }
}

# Multi-tenant architecture
query MultiTenantQuery($tenantId: String!) {
  tenantData(tenantId: $tenantId) {
    products {
      id
      name
      tenantPricing {
        price
        currency
        discount
      }
    }
    users {
      id
      email
      tenantRole
    }
    settings {
      theme
      features
      limits
    }
  }
}

# Schema stitching and delegation
extend type Query {
  externalService: ExternalServiceQuery
    @delegate(to: "external-service")

  legacyData: LegacyDataQuery
    @delegate(to: "legacy-system")
}

# GraphQL Playground introspection query
query IntrospectionQuery {
  __schema {
    types {
      name
      description
      kind
      fields {
        name
        type {
          name
          kind
        }
      }
    }
    queryType {
      name
      fields {
        name
        description
        type {
          name
        }
        args {
          name
          description
          type {
            name
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

# Advanced error handling and recovery
mutation ResilientOperation($input: ComplexInput!) {
  resilientOperation(input: $input)
    @retry(maxAttempts: 3, delay: 1000)
    @circuitBreaker(errorThreshold: 5, timeout: 30000)
    @timeout(milliseconds: 5000)
  {
    success
    data
    errors {
      type
      message
      retryable
      fallbackAvailable
    }
  }
}

# Custom directives definition (schema SDL)
directive @auth(required: Boolean = false, role: String, permission: String) on FIELD_DEFINITION | OBJECT
directive @cache(ttl: Int!) on FIELD
directive @rateLimit(limit: Int!, duration: String!) on FIELD
directive @constraint(minLength: Int, maxLength: Int, min: Float, max: Float, minItems: Int, maxItems: Int) on INPUT_FIELD_DEFINITION | ARGUMENT_DEFINITION
directive @hasPermission(permissions: [String!]!) on SUBSCRIPTION
directive @track(metric: String!) on FIELD
directive @include(if: Boolean!) on FIELD | FRAGMENT_SPREAD | INLINE_FRAGMENT
directive @skip(if: Boolean!) on FIELD | FRAGMENT_SPREAD | INLINE_FRAGMENT
directive @export(as: String!) on FIELD
directive @client on FIELD
directive @requires(fields: String!) on OBJECT | FIELD_DEFINITION
directive @external on OBJECT | FIELD_DEFINITION
directive @key(fields: String!) on OBJECT
directive @delegate(to: String!) on FIELD
directive @retry(maxAttempts: Int!, delay: Int!) on FIELD
directive @circuitBreaker(errorThreshold: Int!, timeout: Int!) on FIELD
directive @timeout(milliseconds: Int!) on FIELD