Exemplos Swift

// Swift Hello World Examples

import Foundation

// 1. Basic Hello World
print("Hello, World!")

// 2. Hello World with variable
let message = "Hello, World!"
print(message)

// 3. Hello World with function
func sayHello() -> String {
    return "Hello, World!"
}

print(sayHello())

// 4. Hello World with parameters
func greet(_ name: String) -> String {
    return "Hello, \(name)!"
}

print(greet("World"))
print(greet("Swift"))

// 5. Hello World with class
class Greeter {
    private let message: String

    init(message: String = "Hello, World!") {
        self.message = message
    }

    func greet() {
        print(message)
    }
}

let greeter = Greeter()
greeter.greet()

// 6. Hello World with user input
func greetUser() {
    print("Enter your name:")
    if let name = readLine() {
        print("Hello, \(name)!")
    }
}

// greetUser()

// 7. Hello World multiple times
for i in 1...5 {
    print("Hello, World! \(i)")
}

// 8. Hello World with array
let greetings = ["Hello", "Bonjour", "Hola", "Ciao", "こんにちは"]
for greeting in greetings {
    print("\(greeting), World!")
}

// 9. Hello World with dictionary
let greetings: [String: String] = [
    "en": "Hello",
    "es": "Hola",
    "fr": "Bonjour",
    "de": "Hallo",
    "ja": "こんにちは"
]

for (lang, greeting) in greetings {
    print("\(greeting), World! (\(lang))")
}

// 10. Hello World with JSON structure
struct HelloResponse: Codable {
    let message: String
    let timestamp: Date
    let success: Bool
}

let response = HelloResponse(
    message: "Hello, World!",
    timestamp: Date(),
    success: true
)

let encoder = JSONEncoder()
encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .iso8601

if let data = try? encoder.encode(response),
   let jsonString = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) {
    print(jsonString)
}

// Basic data types examples
// Swift is type-safe with type inference

let integer: Int = 42
let float: Double = 3.14
let string: String = "Hello, Swift!"
let boolean: Bool = true
let array: [Int] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
let dictionary: [String: Any] = [
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 30,
    "email": "[email protected]"
]
let optional: String? = nil

print("Integer: \(integer), Type: \(type(of: integer))")
print("Float: \(float), Type: \(type(of: float))")
print("String: \(string), Type: \(type(of: string))")
print("Boolean: \(boolean), Type: \(type(of: boolean))")
print("Array: \(array), Type: \(type(of: array))")
print("Dictionary: \(dictionary), Type: \(type(of: dictionary))")
print("Optional: \(optional ?? "nil"), Type: \(type(of: optional))")

// Control flow examples
let age = 18
if age >= 18 {
    print("You are an adult")
} else {
    print("You are a minor")
}

// Switch statement
let grade = "A"
switch grade {
case "A":
    print("Excellent!")
case "B":
    print("Good job!")
case "C":
    print("Fair enough")
default:
    print("Need improvement")
}

// Loop examples
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits {
    print("I like \(fruit)")
}

// Range operations
for i in 1...10 {
    print("Number: \(i)")
}

// Array methods examples
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
let evenNumbers = numbers.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
let squaredNumbers = numbers.map { $0 * $0 }
let sum = numbers.reduce(0, +)

print("Even numbers: \(evenNumbers)")
print("Squared numbers: \(squaredNumbers)")
print("Sum: \(sum)")

// String methods examples
let text = "Hello, Swift Programming!"
print("Uppercase: \(text.uppercased())")
print("Lowercase: \(text.lowercased())")
print("Capitalized: \(text.capitalized)")
print("Count: \(text.count)")
print("Reversed: \(String(text.reversed()))")

// Method chaining with functional programming
let result = numbers
    .filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
    .map { $0 * $0 }
    .reduce(0, +)

print("Result of chained operations: \(result)")

// Tuples
func calculateStats(_ numbers: [Int]) -> (min: Int, max: Int, average: Double) {
    guard !numbers.isEmpty else { return (0, 0, 0.0) }

    let min = numbers.min()!
    let max = numbers.max()!
    let average = Double(numbers.reduce(0, +)) / Double(numbers.count)

    return (min, max, average)
}

let stats = calculateStats(numbers)
print("Min: \(stats.min), Max: \(stats.max), Average: \(stats.average)")

// Enums with associated values
enum NetworkResult {
    case success(data: Data)
    case failure(error: Error)
    case loading
}

func fetchNetworkData() -> NetworkResult {
    // Simulate network operation
    return .success(data: "Sample data".data(using: .utf8)!)
}

let networkResult = fetchNetworkData()
switch networkResult {
case .success(let data):
    print("Success: data size \(data.count) bytes")
case .failure(let error):
    print("Failure: \(error.localizedDescription)")
case .loading:
    print("Loading...")
}

// Protocols
protocol Drawable {
    func draw()
}

struct Circle: Drawable {
    var radius: Double

    func draw() {
        print("Drawing a circle with radius \(radius)")
    }
}

struct Square: Drawable {
    var side: Double

    func draw() {
        print("Drawing a square with side \(side)")
    }
}

let shapes: [Drawable] = [Circle(radius: 5.0), Square(side: 3.0)]
for shape in shapes {
    shape.draw()
}

// Extensions
extension Int {
    func isEven() -> Bool {
        return self % 2 == 0
    }

    func squared() -> Int {
        return self * self
    }
}

let number = 8
print("\(number) is even: \(number.isEven())")
print("\(number) squared: \(number.squared())")

// Error handling
enum CustomError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case networkError(String)
    case unknownError
}

func processData(_ input: String?) throws -> String {
    guard let input = input else {
        throw CustomError.invalidInput
    }

    if input.isEmpty {
        throw CustomError.invalidInput
    }

    return input.uppercased()
}

do {
    let result = try processData("hello")
    print("Processed result: \(result)")
} catch CustomError.invalidInput {
    print("Invalid input provided")
} catch {
    print("Unknown error: \(error)")
}

// Closures
let numbersAgain = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// Using closures with filter and map
let filteredSquared = numbersAgain.filter { $0 > 2 }.map { $0 * $0 }
print("Filtered and squared: \(filteredSquared)")

// Closure as parameter
func applyOperation(_ numbers: [Int], operation: (Int) -> Int) -> [Int] {
    return numbers.map(operation)
}

let doubled = applyOperation(numbersAgain) { $0 * 2 }
print("Doubled: \(doubled)")

// Property wrappers
@propertyWrapper
struct Capitalized {
    private var value = ""

    var wrappedValue: String {
        get { value }
        set { value = newValue.capitalized }
    }
}

struct UserProfile {
    @Capitalized var firstName: String
    @Capitalized var lastName: String
}

var profile = UserProfile(firstName: "john", lastName: "doe")
print("Name: \(profile.firstName) \(profile.lastName)")

// Generics
struct Stack<Element> {
    private var items: [Element] = []

    mutating func push(_ item: Element) {
        items.append(item)
    }

    mutating func pop() -> Element? {
        return items.popLast()
    }

    var isEmpty: Bool {
        return items.isEmpty
    }

    var count: Int {
        return items.count
    }
}

var stringStack = Stack<String>()
stringStack.push("Hello")
stringStack.push("World")
print("Stack count: \(stringStack.count)")

if let popped = stringStack.pop() {
    print("Popped: \(popped)")
}

// Result type
func divide(_ a: Double, by b: Double) -> Result<Double, Error> {
    guard b != 0 else {
        return .failure(CustomError.invalidInput)
    }
    return .success(a / b)
}

let divisionResult = divide(10, by: 2)
switch divisionResult {
case .success(let result):
    print("Division result: \(result)")
case .failure(let error):
    print("Division error: \(error)")
}

// Async/await (Swift 5.5+)
func fetchUserData() async -> String {
    // Simulate async network call
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
    return "User data fetched"
}

Task {
    let userData = await fetchUserData()
    print(userData)
}

// Main function execution
print("\nSwift Hello World examples completed!")

import SwiftUI

// SwiftUI Basic Examples

// 1. Simple Text View
struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        Text("Hello, SwiftUI!")
            .font(.largeTitle)
            .fontWeight(.bold)
            .foregroundColor(.blue)
            .padding()
    }
}

// 2. Basic Layout with Stack
struct BasicLayoutView: View {
    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 20) {
            Text("Welcome to SwiftUI")
                .font(.title)
                .fontWeight(.bold)

            Text("Declarative UI Framework")
                .font(.subheadline)
                .foregroundColor(.gray)

            HStack(spacing: 10) {
                Button("Cancel") {
                    print("Cancel tapped")
                }
                .padding()
                .background(Color.gray)
                .foregroundColor(.white)
                .cornerRadius(8)

                Button("Confirm") {
                    print("Confirm tapped")
                }
                .padding()
                .background(Color.blue)
                .foregroundColor(.white)
                .cornerRadius(8)
            }
        }
        .padding()
    }
}

// 3. List View
struct BasicListView: View {
    let fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Grape", "Strawberry"]

    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            List(fruits, id: \.self) { fruit in
                Text(fruit)
                    .font(.headline)
                    .padding(.vertical, 4)
            }
            .navigationTitle("Fruits")
        }
    }
}

// 4. State Management with @State
struct CounterView: View {
    @State private var count = 0

    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 20) {
            Text("Counter: \(count)")
                .font(.largeTitle)
                .fontWeight(.bold)

            HStack(spacing: 20) {
                Button("-") {
                    count -= 1
                }
                .font(.title)
                .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
                .background(Color.red)
                .foregroundColor(.white)
                .cornerRadius(25)

                Button("+") {
                    count += 1
                }
                .font(.title)
                .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
                .background(Color.green)
                .foregroundColor(.white)
                .cornerRadius(25)
            }

            Button("Reset") {
                count = 0
            }
            .padding()
            .background(Color.orange)
            .foregroundColor(.white)
            .cornerRadius(8)
        }
        .padding()
    }
}

// 5. Custom View with Properties
struct UserCardView: View {
    let name: String
    let email: String
    let avatar: String
    @State private var isLiked = false

    var body: some View {
        HStack(spacing: 15) {
            Image(systemName: avatar)
                .font(.largeTitle)
                .foregroundColor(.blue)
                .frame(width: 60, height: 60)
                .background(Color.gray.opacity(0.1))
                .cornerRadius(30)

            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 5) {
                Text(name)
                    .font(.headline)
                    .fontWeight(.semibold)

                Text(email)
                    .font(.caption)
                    .foregroundColor(.gray)
            }

            Spacer()

            Button(action: {
                isLiked.toggle()
            }) {
                Image(systemName: isLiked ? "heart.fill" : "heart")
                    .font(.title2)
                    .foregroundColor(isLiked ? .red : .gray)
            }
        }
        .padding()
        .background(Color.white)
        .cornerRadius(12)
        .shadow(color: .gray.opacity(0.3), radius: 5, x: 0, y: 2)
    }
}

// 6. Form with Input Fields
struct RegistrationForm: View {
    @State private var username = ""
    @State private var email = ""
    @State private var password = ""
    @State private var confirmPassword = ""
    @State private var agreeToTerms = false
    @State private var showingAlert = false

    private var isFormValid: Bool {
        !username.isEmpty &&
        !email.isEmpty &&
        email.contains("@") &&
        password.count >= 8 &&
        password == confirmPassword &&
        agreeToTerms
    }

    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            Form {
                Section(header: Text("Account Information")) {
                    TextField("Username", text: $username)
                        .autocapitalization(.none)
                        .disableAutocorrection(true)

                    TextField("Email", text: $email)
                        .keyboardType(.emailAddress)
                        .autocapitalization(.none)
                        .disableAutocorrection(true)

                    SecureField("Password", text: $password)

                    SecureField("Confirm Password", text: $confirmPassword)
                }

                Section(header: Text("Terms")) {
                    Toggle("I agree to the terms and conditions", isOn: $agreeToTerms)
                }

                Section {
                    Button(action: {
                        if isFormValid {
                            showingAlert = true
                        }
                    }) {
                        Text("Create Account")
                            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
                            .foregroundColor(.white)
                    }
                    .disabled(!isFormValid)
                    .listRowBackground(isFormValid ? Color.blue : Color.gray)
                }
            }
            .navigationTitle("Sign Up")
            .alert("Success", isPresented: $showingAlert) {
                Button("OK") { }
            } message: {
                Text("Account created successfully!")
            }
        }
    }
}

// 7. Tab View Structure
struct TabContainer: View {
    var body: some View {
        TabView {
            HomeView()
                .tabItem {
                    Image(systemName: "house.fill")
                    Text("Home")
                }

            SearchView()
                .tabItem {
                    Image(systemName: "magnifyingglass")
                    Text("Search")
                }

            ProfileView()
                .tabItem {
                    Image(systemName: "person.fill")
                    Text("Profile")
                }
        }
    }
}

struct HomeView: View {
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            VStack {
                Text("Home Screen")
                    .font(.largeTitle)
                Spacer()
            }
            .navigationTitle("Home")
        }
    }
}

struct SearchView: View {
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            VStack {
                Text("Search Screen")
                    .font(.largeTitle)
                Spacer()
            }
            .navigationTitle("Search")
        }
    }
}

struct ProfileView: View {
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            VStack {
                Text("Profile Screen")
                    .font(.largeTitle)
                Spacer()
            }
            .navigationTitle("Profile")
        }
    }
}

// 8. Modal Presentation
struct ModalExample: View {
    @State private var showingModal = false

    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 20) {
            Text("Modal Example")
                .font(.title)

            Button("Show Modal") {
                showingModal = true
            }
            .padding()
            .background(Color.blue)
            .foregroundColor(.white)
            .cornerRadius(10)
        }
        .sheet(isPresented: $showingModal) {
            ModalView(showingModal: $showingModal)
        }
    }
}

struct ModalView: View {
    @Binding var showingModal: Bool
    @State private var modalText = ""

    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            VStack(spacing: 20) {
                TextField("Enter text", text: $modalText)
                    .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
                    .padding()

                if !modalText.isEmpty {
                    Text("You entered: \(modalText)")
                        .font(.headline)
                        .foregroundColor(.blue)
                }

                Spacer()

                Button("Close") {
                    showingModal = false
                }
                .padding()
                .background(Color.red)
                .foregroundColor(.white)
                .cornerRadius(10)
            }
            .padding()
            .navigationTitle("Modal")
            .navigationBarItems(trailing: Button("Done") { showingModal = false })
        }
    }
}

// 9. Animation Example
struct AnimationExample: View {
    @State private var isAnimating = false
    @State private var rotation: Double = 0

    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 30) {
            // Scale animation
            Circle()
                .fill(Color.blue)
                .frame(width: 100, height: 100)
                .scaleEffect(isAnimating ? 1.5 : 1.0)
                .animation(.easeInOut(duration: 1.0), value: isAnimating)

            // Rotation animation
            Rectangle()
                .fill(Color.green)
                .frame(width: 100, height: 100)
                .rotationEffect(.degrees(rotation))
                .animation(.linear(duration: 2.0).repeatForever(autoreverses: false), value: rotation)

            // Position animation
            Circle()
                .fill(Color.orange)
                .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
                .offset(x: isAnimating ? 100 : -100)
                .animation(.spring(response: 1.0, dampingFraction: 0.5), value: isAnimating)

            Button("Animate") {
                withAnimation {
                    isAnimating.toggle()
                }
                rotation += 360
            }
            .padding()
            .background(Color.purple)
            .foregroundColor(.white)
            .cornerRadius(10)
        }
        .onAppear {
            rotation = 360
        }
    }
}

// 10. Custom Modifier
struct CustomCard<Content: View>: View {
    let content: Content

    init(@ViewBuilder content: () -> Content) {
        self.content = content()
    }

    var body: some View {
        content
            .padding()
            .background(Color.white)
            .cornerRadius(12)
            .shadow(color: .black.opacity(0.1), radius: 5, x: 0, y: 2)
    }
}

// Custom View Extension
extension View {
    func customCard() -> some View {
        CustomCard {
            self
        }
    }
}

struct CustomModifierExample: View {
    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 20) {
            Text("Custom Card Modifier")
                .font(.title)
                .customCard()

            Text("Another custom card")
                .customCard()

            Text("Yet another one")
                .customCard()
        }
        .padding()
    }
}

// 11. Environment Object Example
class UserSettings: ObservableObject {
    @Published var username = "Guest"
    @Published var isDarkMode = false
    @Published var notificationsEnabled = true
}

struct SettingsView: View {
    @EnvironmentObject var settings: UserSettings

    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("Profile")) {
                TextField("Username", text: $settings.username)
            }

            Section(header: Text("Appearance")) {
                Toggle("Dark Mode", isOn: $settings.isDarkMode)
            }

            Section(header: Text("Notifications")) {
                Toggle("Enable Notifications", isOn: $settings.notificationsEnabled)
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle("Settings")
    }
}

struct MainApp: View {
    @StateObject private var settings = UserSettings()

    var body: some View {
        TabContainer()
            .environmentObject(settings)
    }
}

// Preview providers
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        Group {
            ContentView()
            BasicLayoutView()
            CounterView()
            UserCardView(name: "John Doe", email: "[email protected]", avatar: "person.circle")
            RegistrationForm()
        }
    }
}

// Swift Concurrency Examples (Swift 5.5+)

import Foundation

// 1. Basic async/await
func fetchUserData() async throws -> User {
    // Simulate network delay
    try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 2_000_000_000)

    return User(
        id: UUID(),
        name: "John Doe",
        email: "[email protected]",
        avatar: "person.circle"
    )
}

struct User: Codable, Identifiable {
    let id: UUID
    let name: String
    let email: String
    let avatar: String
}

// Usage
func loadUser() async {
    do {
        let user = try await fetchUserData()
        print("Loaded user: \(user.name)")
    } catch {
        print("Error loading user: \(error)")
    }
}

// 2. AsyncSequence
struct NumberGenerator: AsyncSequence {
    typealias Element = Int

    func makeAsyncIterator() -> AsyncIterator {
        AsyncIterator()
    }

    struct AsyncIterator: AsyncIteratorProtocol {
        private var current = 1

        mutating func next() async -> Int? {
            if current <= 10 {
                defer { current += 1 }
                return current
            }
            return nil
        }
    }
}

func processNumbers() async {
    let numbers = NumberGenerator()

    for await number in numbers {
        print("Processing number: \(number)")
        // Simulate async work
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 500_000_000)
    }
}

// 3. Task Groups
func fetchMultipleUsers(ids: [UUID]) async throws -> [User] {
    try await withThrowingTaskGroup(of: User.self) { group in
        var results: [User] = []

        for id in ids {
            group.addTask {
                return try await fetchUserById(id)
            }
        }

        for try await user in group {
            results.append(user)
        }

        return results
    }
}

func fetchUserById(_ id: UUID) async throws -> User {
    // Simulate different user data
    try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
    return User(
        id: id,
        name: "User \(id.uuidString.prefix(8))",
        email: "user\(id.uuidString.prefix(8))@example.com",
        avatar: "person.circle"
    )
}

// Usage
func loadMultipleUsers() async {
    do {
        let ids = [UUID(), UUID(), UUID()]
        let users = try await fetchMultipleUsers(ids: ids)
        print("Loaded \(users.count) users")
        for user in users {
            print("- \(user.name)")
        }
    } catch {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    }
}

// 4. Actor for Thread Safety
actor Counter {
    private var value = 0

    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }

    func decrement() {
        value -= 1
    }

    func getValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }

    func reset() {
        value = 0
    }
}

// Usage
func testActor() async {
    let counter = Counter()

    await counter.increment()
    await counter.increment()
    await counter.increment()

    let currentValue = await counter.getValue()
    print("Counter value: \(currentValue)")

    await counter.reset()
    print("Counter reset")
}

// 5. AsyncImage (SwiftUI)
import SwiftUI

struct AsyncImageView: View {
    private let imageUrl = URL(string: "https://picsum.photos/200/300")

    var body: some View {
        AsyncImage(url: imageUrl) { phase in
            switch phase {
            case .empty:
                ProgressView()
                    .frame(width: 200, height: 300)
            case .success(let image):
                image
                    .resizable()
                    .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
                    .frame(width: 200, height: 300)
                    .cornerRadius(10)
            case .failure(_):
                Image(systemName: "photo")
                    .foregroundColor(.gray)
                    .frame(width: 200, height: 300)
            @unknown default:
                EmptyView()
            }
        }
    }
}

// 6. Continuations
func fetchWithContinuation() async -> String {
    return await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
        // Simulate callback-based API
        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 2) {
            continuation.resume(returning: "Data loaded with continuation")
        }
    }
}

// 7. Async/Await with Combine
import Combine

class AsyncViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var users: [User] = []
    @Published var isLoading = false
    @Published var errorMessage: String?

    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()

    func loadUsers() async {
        isLoading = true
        errorMessage = nil

        do {
            let ids = [UUID(), UUID(), UUID()]
            let fetchedUsers = try await fetchMultipleUsers(ids: ids)

            await MainActor.run {
                self.users = fetchedUsers
                self.isLoading = false
            }
        } catch {
            await MainActor.run {
                self.errorMessage = error.localizedDescription
                self.isLoading = false
            }
        }
    }

    func refreshUsers() async {
        await loadUsers()
    }
}

// 8. Structured Concurrency with Cancellation
func fetchWithCancellation() async {
    let task = Task {
        try await fetchUserData()
    }

    // Simulate cancellation after 1 second
    Task {
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
        task.cancel()
    }

    do {
        let user = try await task.value
        print("User fetched: \(user.name)")
    } catch is CancellationError {
        print("Task was cancelled")
    } catch {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    }
}

// 9. Async Stream
struct EventStream: AsyncStream {
    typealias Element = String

    init() {
        self = AsyncStream { continuation in
            Task {
                for i in 1...10 {
                    continuation.yield("Event \(i)")
                    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 500_000_000)
                }
                continuation.finish()
            }
        }
    }
}

func processEvents() async {
    let events = EventStream()

    for await event in events {
        print("Received: \(event)")
    }

    print("Stream finished")
}

// 10. Task Priorities
func testTaskPriorities() async {
    let highPriorityTask = Task(priority: .high) {
        print("High priority task started")
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 2_000_000_000)
        print("High priority task completed")
    }

    let lowPriorityTask = Task(priority: .low) {
        print("Low priority task started")
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
        print("Low priority task completed")
    }

    await highPriorityTask.value
    await lowPriorityTask.value
}

// 11. Detached Tasks
func testDetachedTask() {
    Task.detached {
        print("Detached task running")
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
        print("Detached task completed")
    }
}

// 12. Actor Isolation with Main Actor
@MainActor
class MainActorViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var counter = 0
    @Published var message = ""

    func increment() {
        counter += 1
        message = "Counter: \(counter)"
    }

    func performBackgroundWork() async {
        let result = await backgroundCalculation()
        message = "Result: \(result)"
    }

    private func backgroundCalculation() async -> Int {
        // This runs in background
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 2_000_000_000)
        return 42
    }
}

// 13. Async Property Wrapper
@propertyWrapper
struct AsyncProperty<Value> {
    private var _value: Value?
    private var task: Task<Value, Error>?

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get async throws {
            if let value = _value {
                return value
            }

            guard let task = task else {
                throw AsyncPropertyError.notInitialized
            }

            let value = try await task.value
            _value = value
            return value
        }
    }

    init(wrappedValue: () async throws -> Value) {
        task = Task {
            try await wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

enum AsyncPropertyError: Error {
    case notInitialized
}

struct AsyncPropertyExample {
    @AsyncProperty private var data: String

    init() {
        _data = AsyncProperty {
            try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 2_000_000_000)
            return "Async data loaded"
        }
    }

    func loadData() async throws -> String {
        return try await _data
    }
}

// 14. Concurrency with File Operations
actor FileManagerActor {
    private var cache: [URL: Data] = [:]

    func readFile(_ url: URL) async throws -> Data {
        if let cachedData = cache[url] {
            return cachedData
        }

        let data = try Data(contentsOf: url)
        cache[url] = data
        return data
    }

    func clearCache() {
        cache.removeAll()
    }
}

// Main execution function
func runConcurrencyExamples() async {
    print("=== Swift Concurrency Examples ===\n")

    // Basic async/await
    print("1. Basic async/await:")
    await loadUser()

    // AsyncSequence
    print("\n2. AsyncSequence:")
    await processNumbers()

    // Actor
    print("\n3. Actor example:")
    await testActor()

    // Task Groups
    print("\n4. Task Groups:")
    await loadMultipleUsers()

    // Continuations
    print("\n5. Continuations:")
    let result = await fetchWithContinuation()
    print(result)

    // Async Stream
    print("\n6. Async Stream:")
    await processEvents()

    // Task Priorities
    print("\n7. Task Priorities:")
    await testTaskPriorities()

    // Async Property
    print("\n8. Async Property:")
    do {
        let example = AsyncPropertyExample()
        let data = try await example.loadData()
        print(data)
    } catch {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    }

    print("\n=== Concurrency Examples Completed ===")
}

// Execute the examples
Task {
    await runConcurrencyExamples()
}