Multithreading Windows - Exemples C#

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class ThreadCreation
{
    // 1. Simple thread creation
    public static void CreateSimpleThread()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== Simple Thread Creation ===");

        Thread workerThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SimpleWorkerMethod));

        Console.WriteLine("Starting worker thread...");
        workerThread.Start();

        // Main thread continues working
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Main thread working: {i}");
            Thread.Sleep(500);
        }

        // Wait for worker thread to complete
        workerThread.Join();
        Console.WriteLine("Worker thread completed. Main thread finished.");
    }

    // Worker method for simple thread
    static void SimpleWorkerMethod()
    {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Worker thread working: {i}");
            Thread.Sleep(300);
        }
    }

    // 2. Thread with parameters
    public static void CreateThreadWithParameters()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread with Parameters ===");

        string message = "Hello from parameterized thread!";
        int iterations = 3;

        // Create thread with parameterized method
        Thread paramThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(ParameterizedWorkerMethod));

        Console.WriteLine("Starting parameterized thread...");
        paramThread.Start(new { Message = message, Iterations = iterations });

        // Wait for completion
        paramThread.Join();
        Console.WriteLine("Parameterized thread completed.");
    }

    // Worker method that accepts parameters
    static void ParameterizedWorkerMethod(object data)
    {
        dynamic parameters = data;
        string message = parameters.Message;
        int iterations = parameters.Iterations;

        for (int i = 1; i <= iterations; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{message} (Iteration {i})");
            Thread.Sleep(600);
        }
    }

    // 3. Multiple threads with different priorities
    public static void ThreadsWithPriorities()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Threads with Different Priorities ===");

        Thread highPriorityThread = new Thread(() => WorkerByPriority("High", 3));
        Thread normalPriorityThread = new Thread(() => WorkerByPriority("Normal", 3));
        Thread lowPriorityThread = new Thread(() => WorkerByPriority("Low", 3));

        // Set thread priorities
        highPriorityThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;
        normalPriorityThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Normal;
        lowPriorityThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Lowest;

        Console.WriteLine("Starting threads with different priorities...");

        highPriorityThread.Start();
        normalPriorityThread.Start();
        lowPriorityThread.Start();

        // Wait for all threads
        highPriorityThread.Join();
        normalPriorityThread.Join();
        lowPriorityThread.Join();

        Console.WriteLine("All priority threads completed.");
    }

    // Worker method that shows thread priority
    static void WorkerByPriority(string priorityName, int iterations)
    {
        Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"{priorityName} Priority Thread";
        Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} started with priority: {Thread.CurrentThread.Priority}");

        for (int i = 1; i <= iterations; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{priorityName} priority - Work {i}");
            Thread.Sleep(200);
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{priorityName} priority thread finished.");
    }

    // 4. Thread with return value (using Task)
    public static void ThreadWithReturnValue()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread with Return Value (Task) ===");

        // Create and start a task that returns a value
        Task<int> calculationTask = Task.Run(() => CalculateSomething(100));

        Console.WriteLine("Main thread continues working while task runs...");

        // Do some other work
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Main thread work {i}");
            Thread.Sleep(300);
        }

        // Get the result (this will wait if task isn't completed)
        int result = calculationTask.Result;
        Console.WriteLine($"Calculation result: {result}");
    }

    // Method that performs calculation and returns result
    static int CalculateSomething(int n)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Calculation task started...");

        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            sum += i;
            if (i % 10 == 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Calculation progress: {i}/{n}");
                Thread.Sleep(50);
            }
        }

        Console.WriteLine("Calculation task completed.");
        return sum;
    }

    // 5. Thread background vs foreground
    public static void BackgroundVsForegroundThreads()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Background vs Foreground Threads ===");

        // Create a background thread
        Thread backgroundThread = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Background Thread";
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} started");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} working: {i}");
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} completed");
        });

        backgroundThread.IsBackground = true;

        Console.WriteLine("Starting background thread...");
        backgroundThread.Start();

        // Create a foreground thread
        Thread foregroundThread = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Foreground Thread";
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} started");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} working: {i}");
                Thread.Sleep(1500);
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} completed");
        });

        Console.WriteLine("Starting foreground thread...");
        foregroundThread.Start();

        // Wait for foreground thread (background thread will be terminated when app exits)
        foregroundThread.Join();

        Console.WriteLine("Foreground thread completed. Application will exit now.");
        Console.WriteLine("(Background thread would be terminated if this were a real application)");
    }

    // 6. Thread abort and cancellation
    public static void ThreadCancellation()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread Cancellation ===");

        // Create a cancellation token source
        CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

        // Create a long-running task that can be cancelled
        Task<int> runningTask = Task.Run(() =>
            LongRunningMethod(cts.Token), cts.Token);

        // Let the task run for a bit
        Thread.Sleep(3000);

        Console.WriteLine("Requesting cancellation...");
        cts.Cancel();

        try
        {
            // Wait for task to complete or cancel
            runningTask.Wait();
            Console.WriteLine($"Task completed with result: {runningTask.Result}");
        }
        catch (AggregateException ex)
        {
            if (ex.InnerExceptions[0] is OperationCanceledException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Task was successfully cancelled.");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Task failed: {ex.InnerExceptions[0].Message}");
            }
        }
    }

    // Long-running method that supports cancellation
    static int LongRunningMethod(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Long-running task started...");

        for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
        {
            // Check for cancellation
            if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Cancellation requested at iteration {i}");
                cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            }

            Console.WriteLine($"Working... {i}%");
            Thread.Sleep(100);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("Long-running task completed successfully.");
        return 42; // Return some result
    }

    // 7. Thread safe data sharing
    public static void ThreadSafeDataSharing()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread-Safe Data Sharing ===");

        // Shared counter with lock
        object lockObject = new object();
        int sharedCounter = 0;

        // Create multiple threads that modify shared data
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[5];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            threads[i] = new Thread((threadId) =>
            {
                int threadNum = (int)threadId;
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Worker {threadNum}";

                for (int j = 1; j <= 1000; j++)
                {
                    lock (lockObject)
                    {
                        int temp = sharedCounter;
                        // Simulate some processing
                        Thread.Sleep(1);
                        sharedCounter = temp + 1;

                        if (j % 200 == 0)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Shared counter = {sharedCounter}");
                        }
                    }
                }

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} completed.");
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            threads[i].Start(i);
        }

        // Wait for all threads to complete
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"Final shared counter value: {sharedCounter}");
    }

    // 8. Thread with exception handling
    public static void ThreadExceptionHandling()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread Exception Handling ===");

        Thread threadWithException = new Thread(() =>
        {
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Thread starting work...");

                // Simulate work
                for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Thread working: {i}");
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                }

                // Throw an exception
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Something went wrong in the thread!");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Thread caught exception: {ex.Message}");
                // Handle the exception
                Thread.CurrentThread.Abort();
            }
        });

        threadWithException.Start();
        threadWithException.Join();

        Console.WriteLine("Thread execution completed with exception handling.");
    }

    // 9. Thread pool usage
    public static void ThreadPoolUsage()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread Pool Usage ===");

        Console.WriteLine($"Available worker threads: {ThreadPool.ThreadCount}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Available completion port threads: {ThreadPool.CompletedWorkItemCount}");

        // Queue work items to thread pool
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
        {
            int workItem = i;
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(state =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"ThreadPool Worker {workItem}";
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} processing item {workItem}");

                // Simulate work
                Thread.Sleep(1000);

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name} completed item {workItem}");
            });
        }

        // Wait for thread pool work to complete
        Thread.Sleep(6000);
        Console.WriteLine("All thread pool work items completed.");
    }

    // 10. Thread naming and identification
    public static void ThreadIdentification()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Thread Identification ===");

        Console.WriteLine($"Main thread ID: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Main thread name: {Thread.CurrentThread.Name}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Main thread is background: {Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Main thread is alive: {Thread.CurrentThread.IsAlive}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Main thread state: {Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState}");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[3];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadIndex = i;
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Named Thread {threadIndex + 1}";

                Console.WriteLine($"Thread {Thread.CurrentThread.Name} - ID: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
                Console.WriteLine($"Thread {Thread.CurrentThread.Name} - Is Background: {Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground}");
                Console.WriteLine($"Thread {Thread.CurrentThread.Name} - State: {Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState}");

                // Simulate work
                Thread.Sleep(1000);

                Console.WriteLine($"Thread {Thread.CurrentThread.Name} - Finished");
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== C# Thread Creation Demo ===\n");

        try
        {
            CreateSimpleThread();
            CreateThreadWithParameters();
            ThreadsWithPriorities();
            ThreadWithReturnValue();
            BackgroundVsForegroundThreads();
            ThreadCancellation();
            ThreadSafeDataSharing();
            ThreadExceptionHandling();
            ThreadPoolUsage();
            ThreadIdentification();

            Console.WriteLine("\nAll thread creation examples completed successfully!");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error in thread demo: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;

class ThreadSynchronization
{
    // 1. Simple lock usage
    private static readonly object simpleLock = new object();
    private static int sharedCounter = 0;

    public static void SimpleLockDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== Simple Lock Demo ===");
        sharedCounter = 0;

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++)
                {
                    lock (simpleLock)
                    {
                        int temp = sharedCounter;
                        Thread.Sleep(1); // Simulate work
                        sharedCounter = temp + 1;
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"Final counter value: {sharedCounter} (Expected: 10000)");
        Console.WriteLine($"Lock was {(sharedCounter == 10000 ? "successful" : "unsuccessful")} in preventing race conditions");
    }

    // 2. Monitor.Enter/Exit with try/finally
    private static readonly object monitorLock = new object();
    private static bool criticalResourceAvailable = true;

    public static void MonitorDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Monitor.Enter/Exit Demo ===");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[5];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Monitor Worker {threadId}";
                UseCriticalResource();
            });
        }

        // Start threads with small delay
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
            Thread.Sleep(100);
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        Console.WriteLine("All Monitor operations completed.");
    }

    static void UseCriticalResource()
    {
        bool lockTaken = false;

        try
        {
            Monitor.Enter(monitorLock, ref lockTaken);

            if (!criticalResourceAvailable)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Resource not available, waiting...");
                Monitor.Wait(monitorLock); // Release lock and wait
            }

            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Acquired critical resource");

            // Simulate critical section work
            Thread.Sleep(2000);

            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Releasing critical resource");
        }
        finally
        {
            if (lockTaken)
            {
                Monitor.Exit(monitorLock);
            }
        }
    }

    // 3. Mutex for inter-process synchronization
    private static Mutex mutex = null;

    public static void MutexDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Mutex Demo ===");

        // Create or open a named mutex
        bool isNewMutex;
        mutex = new Mutex(false, "MyApplicationMutex", out isNewMutex);

        Console.WriteLine($"Mutex created: {isNewMutex}");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[3];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Mutex Thread {threadId}";
                UseMutexResource();
            });
        }

        // Start threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
        mutex.Dispose();

        Console.WriteLine("Mutex demo completed.");
    }

    static void UseMutexResource()
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting for mutex...");

            // Wait for mutex with timeout
            if (mutex.WaitOne(5000))
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Acquired mutex, using shared resource");

                    // Simulate work with shared resource
                    Thread.Sleep(3000);

                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed work with shared resource");
                }
                finally
                {
                    mutex.ReleaseMutex();
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Released mutex");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Timeout waiting for mutex");
            }
        }
        catch (AbandonedMutexException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Acquired abandoned mutex");
            mutex.ReleaseMutex();
        }
    }

    // 4. Semaphore for limiting concurrent access
    private static SemaphoreSlim semaphore = new SemaphoreSlim(2, 2); // Allow 2 concurrent threads

    public static void SemaphoreDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Semaphore Demo ===");
        Console.WriteLine("Semaphore allows maximum 2 concurrent threads");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[6];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Semaphore Thread {threadId}";
                AccessLimitedResource();
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
            Thread.Sleep(200); // Stagger starts
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        semaphore.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("Semaphore demo completed.");
    }

    static void AccessLimitedResource()
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting to access limited resource...");

            // Wait for semaphore
            semaphore.Wait();

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Acquired semaphore, accessing resource");
                Console.WriteLine($"Current semaphore count: {semaphore.CurrentCount}");

                // Simulate resource usage
                Thread.Sleep(2000);

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Finished using resource");
            }
            finally
            {
                semaphore.Release();
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Released semaphore");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Error - {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    // 5. ReaderWriterLockSlim for read-heavy scenarios
    private static ReaderWriterLockSlim rwLock = new ReaderWriterLockSlim();
    private static string sharedData = "Initial Data";

    public static void ReaderWriterLockDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== ReaderWriterLock Demo ===");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[8];

        // Create 6 reader threads and 2 writer threads
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            bool isReader = i < 6;

            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = isReader ? $"Reader {threadId}" : $"Writer {threadId}";

                if (isReader)
                {
                    ReadData();
                }
                else
                {
                    WriteData($"Updated Data at {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}");
                }
            });
        }

        // Start threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
            Thread.Sleep(100);
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        rwLock.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("ReaderWriterLock demo completed.");
    }

    static void ReadData()
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting to read...");
            rwLock.EnterReadLock();

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Reading data: '{sharedData}'");
                Thread.Sleep(1000); // Simulate read operation
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed reading");
            }
            finally
            {
                rwLock.ExitReadLock();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Read error - {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    static void WriteData(string newData)
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting to write...");
            rwLock.EnterWriteLock();

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Writing data...");
                sharedData = newData;
                Thread.Sleep(2000); // Simulate write operation
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed writing");
            }
            finally
            {
                rwLock.ExitWriteLock();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Write error - {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    // 6. Barrier for thread synchronization points
    public static void BarrierDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Barrier Demo ===");

        // Barrier that requires 4 threads to continue
        Barrier barrier = new Barrier(4, b =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Phase {b.CurrentPhaseNumber} completed. All threads have reached the barrier.");
        });

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Barrier Thread {threadId}";
                WorkWithBarrier(barrier);
            });
        }

        // Start threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        barrier.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("Barrier demo completed.");
    }

    static void WorkWithBarrier(Barrier barrier)
    {
        try
        {
            // Phase 1: Initial work
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Starting phase 1 work");
            Thread.Sleep(new Random().Next(1000, 3000));
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed phase 1, waiting at barrier");

            barrier.SignalAndWait();

            // Phase 2: Second phase work
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Starting phase 2 work");
            Thread.Sleep(new Random().Next(1000, 3000));
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed phase 2, waiting at barrier");

            barrier.SignalAndWait();

            // Final phase
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Starting final phase work");
            Thread.Sleep(new Random().Next(500, 1500));
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed all work");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Error - {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    // 7. CountdownEvent for coordinating multiple threads
    public static void CountdownEventDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== CountdownEvent Demo ===");

        // CountdownEvent that waits for 5 signals
        CountdownEvent countdown = new CountdownEvent(5);

        // Thread that waits for countdown
        Thread coordinatorThread = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Coordinator";
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting for all worker threads to signal completion...");

            countdown.Wait();

            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: All workers completed! Proceeding with coordination task.");
        });

        coordinatorThread.Start();

        // Create worker threads
        Thread[] workerThreads = new Thread[5];

        for (int i = 0; i < workerThreads.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            workerThreads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Worker {threadId}";

                // Simulate work
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Starting work...");
                Thread.Sleep(new Random().Next(1000, 4000));

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Work completed, signaling coordinator");
                countdown.Signal();
            });
        }

        // Start all workers
        foreach (Thread thread in workerThreads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        coordinatorThread.Join();
        foreach (Thread thread in workerThreads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        countdown.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("CountdownEvent demo completed.");
    }

    // 8. AutoResetEvent and ManualResetEvent
    private static AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    private static ManualResetEvent manualEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

    public static void ResetEventDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Reset Events Demo ===");

        // AutoResetEvent demo
        Thread autoProducer = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Auto Producer";
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Produced item {i}");
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                autoEvent.Set(); // Signal one waiting thread
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Signaled consumer");
            }
        });

        Thread autoConsumer = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Auto Consumer";
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting for item...");
                autoEvent.WaitOne();
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Consumed item {i}");
            }
        });

        autoProducer.Start();
        autoConsumer.Start();

        // Wait for auto event demo
        autoProducer.Join();
        autoConsumer.Join();

        Console.WriteLine("\n--- ManualResetEvent Demo ---");

        // ManualResetEvent demo
        Thread manualSignaler = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Manual Signaler";
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Setting manual event (allowing all waiting threads)");
            manualEvent.Set();

            Thread.Sleep(3000);
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Resetting manual event (blocking new threads)");
            manualEvent.Reset();

            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Setting manual event again");
            manualEvent.Set();
        });

        Thread[] manualWaiters = new Thread[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < manualWaiters.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            manualWaiters[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Manual Waiter {threadId}";
                Thread.Sleep(threadId * 1000);
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Waiting for manual event");
                manualEvent.WaitOne();
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Manual event received, proceeding");
            });
        }

        manualSignaler.Start();
        foreach (Thread thread in manualWaiters)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for manual event demo
        manualSignaler.Join();
        foreach (Thread thread in manualWaiters)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        // Cleanup
        autoEvent.Dispose();
        manualEvent.Dispose();

        Console.WriteLine("Reset events demo completed.");
    }

    // 9. Interlocked operations for atomic operations
    private static long atomicCounter = 0;
    private static double atomicBalance = 1000.0;

    public static void InterlockedDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Interlocked Operations Demo ===");

        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++)
        {
            threads[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Interlocked Worker";

                // Atomic increment
                long newValue = Interlocked.Increment(ref atomicCounter);
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Incremented counter to {newValue}");

                // Atomic compare and exchange
                double currentBalance = atomicBalance;
                double withdrawal = 50.0;
                double newBalance = currentBalance - withdrawal;

                double exchangedBalance = Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref atomicBalance, newBalance, currentBalance);

                if (exchangedBalance == currentBalance)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Successfully withdrew {withdrawal:C}, new balance: {newBalance:C}");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Withdrawal failed due to concurrent modification");
                }

                Thread.Sleep(100);
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        foreach (Thread thread in threads)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"Final atomic counter: {atomicCounter}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Final atomic balance: {atomicBalance:C}");
        Console.WriteLine("Interlocked operations demo completed.");
    }

    // 10. Concurrent collections for thread-safe collections
    private static ConcurrentQueue<string> concurrentQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<string>();
    private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> concurrentDict = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>();
    private static BlockingCollection<string> blockingCollection = new BlockingCollection<string>();

    public static void ConcurrentCollectionsDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Concurrent Collections Demo ===");

        // Producer-Consumer with BlockingCollection
        Thread producer = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Producer";
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                string item = $"Item {i}";
                blockingCollection.Add(item);
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Produced {item}");
                Thread.Sleep(200);
            }

            blockingCollection.CompleteAdding();
            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Production completed");
        });

        Thread consumer = new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Consumer";
            foreach (string item in blockingCollection.GetConsumingEnumerable())
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Consumed {item}");
                Thread.Sleep(500);
            }

            Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Consumption completed");
        });

        // ConcurrentQueue demo
        Thread[] queueWorkers = new Thread[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < queueWorkers.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            queueWorkers[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Queue Worker {threadId}";

                for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
                {
                    string item = $"Thread {threadId} Item {j}";
                    concurrentQueue.Enqueue(item);
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Enqueued {item}");
                    Thread.Sleep(100);
                }
            });
        }

        // ConcurrentDictionary demo
        Thread[] dictWorkers = new Thread[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < dictWorkers.Length; i++)
        {
            int threadId = i;
            dictWorkers[i] = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Dict Worker {threadId}";

                for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
                {
                    string key = $"Key_{threadId}_{j}";
                    concurrentDict.AddOrUpdate(key, 1, (k, v) => v + 1);
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Updated {key}");
                    Thread.Sleep(150);
                }
            });
        }

        // Start all threads
        producer.Start();
        consumer.Start();

        foreach (Thread thread in queueWorkers)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        foreach (Thread thread in dictWorkers)
        {
            thread.Start();
        }

        // Wait for completion
        producer.Join();
        consumer.Join();

        foreach (Thread thread in queueWorkers)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        foreach (Thread thread in dictWorkers)
        {
            thread.Join();
        }

        // Display results
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Queue Contents ---");
        while (concurrentQueue.TryDequeue(out string queueItem))
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Dequeued: {queueItem}");
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Dictionary Contents ---");
        foreach (var kvp in concurrentDict)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{kvp.Key}: {kvp.Value}");
        }

        blockingCollection.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("Concurrent collections demo completed.");
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== C# Thread Synchronization Demo ===\n");

        try
        {
            SimpleLockDemo();
            MonitorDemo();
            MutexDemo();
            SemaphoreDemo();
            ReaderWriterLockDemo();
            BarrierDemo();
            CountdownEventDemo();
            ResetEventDemo();
            InterlockedDemo();
            ConcurrentCollectionsDemo();

            Console.WriteLine("\nAll synchronization examples completed successfully!");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error in synchronization demo: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Linq;

class ThreadPoolTPL
{
    // 1. Basic ThreadPool usage
    public static void BasicThreadPoolDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== Basic ThreadPool Demo ===");

        Console.WriteLine($"Min threads: {ThreadPool.GetMinThreads(out int minWorker, out int minIO)} Worker: {minWorker}, IO: {minIO}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Max threads: {ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out int maxWorker, out int maxIO)} Worker: {maxWorker}, IO: {maxIO}");

        // Queue multiple work items
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
        {
            int workItem = i;
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(state =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"ThreadPool Worker {workItem}";
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Processing item {workItem}");

                // Simulate work
                Thread.Sleep(1000 + workItem * 100);

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed item {workItem}");
            });
        }

        // Wait for work to complete
        Thread.Sleep(15000);
        Console.WriteLine("ThreadPool demo completed.");
    }

    // 2. Task.Run and basic TPL
    public static async Task BasicTaskDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Basic Task Demo ===");

        // Create and run tasks
        Task<int> calculationTask = Task.Run(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Calculation task started on thread: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);

            int result = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
            {
                result += i;
                if (i % 25 == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Calculation progress: {i}/100");
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Calculation task completed");
            return result;
        });

        Task<string> stringTask = Task.Run(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("String task started on thread: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            return "Hello from Task!";
        });

        // Main thread continues work
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread continues working while tasks run...");
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Main thread work {i}");
            await Task.Delay(500);
        }

        // Wait for results
        int calculationResult = await calculationTask;
        string stringResult = await stringTask;

        Console.WriteLine($"Calculation result: {calculationResult}");
        Console.WriteLine($"String result: {stringResult}");
    }

    // 3. Task.ContinueWith
    public static void TaskContinuationDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Task Continuation Demo ===");

        Task<int> initialTask = Task.Run(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Initial task starting...");
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine("Initial task completed");
            return 42;
        });

        // Add continuations
        Task continuation1 = initialTask.ContinueWith(antecedent =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Continuation 1: Received result {antecedent.Result}");
            return antecedent.Result * 2;
        }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

        Task continuation2 = continuation1.ContinueWith(antecedent =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Continuation 2: Final result {antecedent.Result}");
        }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

        // Error handling continuation
        Task errorContinuation = initialTask.ContinueWith(antecedent =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error handling: Task failed with {antecedent.Exception?.InnerException?.Message}");
        }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);

        // Wait for all continuations
        Task.WaitAll(continuation2, errorContinuation);

        Console.WriteLine("All continuations completed.");
    }

    // 4. Task.WhenAll and WhenAny
    public static async Task TaskWhenDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Task.WhenAll and WhenAny Demo ===");

        // Create multiple tasks
        Task[] tasks = new Task[5];

        for (int i = 0; i < tasks.Length; i++)
        {
            int taskIndex = i;
            tasks[i] = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Task {taskIndex} starting...");
                await Task.Delay(new Random().Next(1000, 5000));
                Console.WriteLine($"Task {taskIndex} completed");
                return taskIndex * 10;
            });
        }

        // WhenAny - wait for first task to complete
        Task firstCompleted = await Task.WhenAny(tasks);
        Console.WriteLine($"First task completed: {firstCompleted.Id}");

        // WhenAll - wait for all tasks to complete
        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for all tasks to complete...");
        await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
        Console.WriteLine("All tasks completed!");

        // Get results from all tasks
        Task<int>[] intTasks = tasks.Cast<Task<int>>().ToArray();
        int[] results = await Task.WhenAll(intTasks);

        Console.WriteLine($"All results: [{string.Join(", ", results)}]");
    }

    // 5. Parallel.For and Parallel.ForEach
    public static void ParallelLoopsDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Parallel Loops Demo ===");

        // Parallel.For
        Console.WriteLine("--- Parallel.For Demo ---");
        object syncObject = new object();
        int totalSum = 0;

        Parallel.For(1, 101, (i, state) =>
        {
            if (i > 50) // Stop condition
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Stopping parallel loop at {i}");
                state.Stop();
                return;
            }

            int localSum = i * i;

            // Thread-safe accumulation
            lock (syncObject)
            {
                totalSum += localSum;
                Console.WriteLine($"Thread {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}: {i}² = {localSum}");
            }
        });

        Console.WriteLine($"Total sum of squares: {totalSum}");

        // Parallel.ForEach
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Parallel.ForEach Demo ---");
        var products = new[] { "Laptop", "Mouse", "Keyboard", "Monitor", "Webcam" };

        Parallel.ForEach(products, new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2 }, product =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Processing {product} on thread {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");

            // Simulate processing
            Thread.Sleep(1000 + new Random().Next(500));

            Console.WriteLine($"Completed processing {product}");
        });

        Console.WriteLine("Parallel loops demo completed.");
    }

    // 6. Parallel LINQ (PLINQ)
    public static void PLINQDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== PLINQ Demo ===");

        // Create a large dataset
        int[] numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 1000000).ToArray();
        Console.WriteLine($"Processing {numbers.Length:N0} numbers");

        // Sequential LINQ
        var sequentialStart = DateTime.Now;
        var sequentialResult = numbers
            .Where(n => n % 2 == 0)
            .Select(n => n * n)
            .Take(1000)
            .ToList();
        var sequentialTime = DateTime.Now - sequentialStart;

        Console.WriteLine($"Sequential processing: {sequentialTime.TotalMilliseconds:F2}ms, Found {sequentialResult.Count} results");

        // Parallel LINQ
        var parallelStart = DateTime.Now;
        var parallelResult = numbers
            .AsParallel()
            .WithDegreeOfParallelism(Environment.ProcessorCount)
            .Where(n => n % 2 == 0)
            .Select(n => n * n)
            .Take(1000)
            .ToList();
        var parallelTime = DateTime.Now - parallelStart;

        Console.WriteLine($"Parallel processing: {parallelTime.TotalMilliseconds:F2}ms, Found {parallelResult.Count} results");
        Console.WriteLine($"Speedup: {(sequentialTime.TotalMilliseconds / parallelTime.TotalMilliseconds):F2}x");

        // AsParallel() with ordering
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- PLINQ with Ordering ---");
        var orderedResult = numbers
            .AsParallel()
            .AsOrdered()
            .Where(n => n % 1000 == 0)
            .Take(10)
            .ToList();

        Console.WriteLine($"First 10 multiples of 1000: [{string.Join(", ", orderedResult)}]");
    }

    // 7. Producer-Consumer pattern with BlockingCollection
    public static void ProducerConsumerDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Producer-Consumer Demo ===");

        var queue = new BlockingCollection<string>(5); // Bounded capacity
        var producerTasks = new Task[2];
        var consumerTasks = new Task[3];

        // Producers
        for (int i = 0; i < producerTasks.Length; i++)
        {
            int producerId = i;
            producerTasks[i] = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Producer {producerId}";

                for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
                {
                    string item = $"Producer{producerId}-Item{j}";
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Producing {item}");

                    queue.Add(item);
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Added {item} to queue (Count: {queue.Count})");

                    await Task.Delay(1000); // Production time
                }

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Finished production");
            });
        }

        // Consumers
        for (int i = 0; i < consumerTasks.Length; i++)
        {
            int consumerId = i;
            consumerTasks[i] = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Consumer {consumerId}";

                while (!queue.IsCompleted)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        string item = queue.Take(); // Blocks if empty
                        Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Consumed {item} (Count: {queue.Count})");

                        await Task.Delay(1500); // Processing time
                    }
                    catch (InvalidOperationException)
                    {
                        // Queue is completed and empty
                        break;
                    }
                }

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Finished consumption");
            });
        }

        // Wait for all producers to complete
        Task.WaitAll(producerTasks);
        queue.CompleteAdding(); // Signal no more items will be added

        // Wait for all consumers to finish
        Task.WaitAll(consumerTasks);

        Console.WriteLine("Producer-Consumer demo completed.");
    }

    // 8. TaskFactory and custom task creation
    public static void TaskFactoryDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== TaskFactory Demo ===");

        // Create custom TaskFactory
        var customFactory = new TaskFactory(
            CancellationToken.None,
            TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning,
            TaskContinuationOptions.None,
            TaskScheduler.Default);

        // Create tasks with custom factory
        Task[] customTasks = new Task[3];

        for (int i = 0; i < customTasks.Length; i++)
        {
            int taskId = i;
            customTasks[i] = customFactory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Custom Task {taskId}";
                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Starting (Long-running task)");

                // Simulate long-running work
                Thread.Sleep(3000);

                Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed");
            });
        }

        // TaskFactory with parent-child relationships
        Task parentTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Parent task started");

            Task child1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Child task 1 started");
                Thread.Sleep(2000);
                Console.WriteLine("Child task 1 completed");
            }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);

            Task child2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Child task 2 started");
                Thread.Sleep(1500);
                Console.WriteLine("Child task 2 completed");
            }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);

            Console.WriteLine("Parent task waiting for children");

            // Parent automatically waits for attached children
        });

        // Wait for all tasks
        Task.WaitAll(customTasks);
        parentTask.Wait();

        Console.WriteLine("TaskFactory demo completed.");
    }

    // 9. TaskScheduler and custom scheduling
    public static void TaskSchedulerDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== TaskScheduler Demo ===");

        // Get current scheduler
        TaskScheduler currentScheduler = TaskScheduler.Current;
        TaskScheduler defaultScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;

        Console.WriteLine($"Current scheduler: {currentScheduler.GetType().Name}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Default scheduler: {defaultScheduler.GetType().Name}");

        // Task with specific scheduler
        Task defaultSchedulerTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Running on {TaskScheduler.Current.GetType().Name}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Thread ID: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Is ThreadPool: {Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread}");
        });

        // UI context simulation (would use SynchronizationContext in real UI app)
        TaskScheduler uiScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext();

        // Continue on UI thread (simulation)
        Task uiTask = Task.Run(() =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Background work completed");
            return "Result from background";
        }).ContinueWith(antecedent =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This would run on UI thread in real application");
            Console.WriteLine($"Background result: {antecedent.Result}");
        }, uiScheduler);

        // Wait for tasks
        Task.WaitAll(defaultSchedulerTask, uiTask);

        Console.WriteLine("TaskScheduler demo completed.");
    }

    // 10. Cancellation with TPL
    public static async Task CancellationDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Task Cancellation Demo ===");

        var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        CancellationToken token = cts.Token;

        // Create long-running tasks that support cancellation
        Task[] tasks = new Task[5];

        for (int i = 0; i < tasks.Length; i++)
        {
            int taskId = i;
            tasks[i] = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                Thread.CurrentThread.Name = $"Cancellable Task {taskId}";

                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Started");

                    for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++)
                    {
                        token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

                        Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Working... {j * 10}%");
                        await Task.Delay(1000, token);
                    }

                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Completed successfully");
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{Thread.CurrentThread.Name}: Was cancelled");
                }
            }, token);
        }

        // Cancel after 5 seconds
        Task.Delay(5000).ContinueWith(_ =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Initiating cancellation...");
            cts.Cancel();
        });

        try
        {
            // Wait for all tasks (will handle cancellations gracefully)
            await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
        }
        catch (AggregateException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Caught {ex.InnerExceptions.Count(e => e is OperationCanceledException)} cancellation exceptions");
        }

        Console.WriteLine("Cancellation demo completed.");
    }

    // 11. Dataflow pattern with TPL Dataflow
    public static void DataflowDemo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== Dataflow Pattern Demo ===");

        // Create buffer blocks
        var producerBlock = new BufferBlock<int>();
        var processorBlock = new TransformBlock<int, string>(x =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Processing {x} on thread {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
            Thread.Sleep(500); // Simulate processing
            return $"Processed_{x}";
        });

        var consumerBlock = new ActionBlock<string>(result =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Consuming {result} on thread {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
            Thread.Sleep(300);
        });

        // Link blocks together
        producerBlock.LinkTo(processorBlock, new DataflowLinkOptions { PropagateCompletion = true });
        processorBlock.LinkTo(consumerBlock, new DataflowLinkOptions { PropagateCompletion = true });

        // Start producer
        Task.Run(async () =>
        {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Producing {i}");
                await producerBlock.SendAsync(i);
                await Task.Delay(200);
            }

            producerBlock.Complete();
        });

        // Wait for completion
        consumerBlock.Completion.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("Dataflow demo completed.");
    }

    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("=== C# ThreadPool and TPL Demo ===\n");

        try
        {
            BasicThreadPoolDemo();
            await BasicTaskDemo();
            TaskContinuationDemo();
            await TaskWhenDemo();
            ParallelLoopsDemo();
            PLINQDemo();
            ProducerConsumerDemo();
            TaskFactoryDemo();
            TaskSchedulerDemo();
            await CancellationDemo();
            DataflowDemo();

            Console.WriteLine("\nAll ThreadPool and TPL examples completed successfully!");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error in TPL demo: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}