Zero Trust Architektur-Beispiele

// Zero Trust Identity Authentication System
// Multi-factor authentication with adaptive risk assessment

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const speakeasy = require('speakeasy');
const argon2 = require('argon2');

class ZeroTrustAuthSystem {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.jwtSecret = options.jwtSecret || process.env.JWT_SECRET;
    this.tokenBlacklist = new Set();
    this.sessionStore = new Map(); // sessionId -> session data
    this.riskEngine = new RiskAssessmentEngine(options.risk);
    this.mfaProvider = new MFAProvider(options.mfa);

    this.config = {
      passwordPolicy: {
        minLength: 12,
        requireUppercase: true,
        requireLowercase: true,
        requireNumbers: true,
        requireSymbols: true,
        preventReused: true
      },
      sessionTimeout: options.sessionTimeout || 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
      maxFailedAttempts: options.maxFailedAttempts || 5,
      lockoutDuration: options.lockoutDuration || 30 * 60 * 1000, // 30 minutes
      ...options
    };
  }

  async authenticate(credentials, context) {
    try {
      // Step 1: Validate credentials
      const user = await this.validateCredentials(credentials.username, credentials.password);
      if (!user) {
        throw new Error('Invalid credentials');
      }

      // Step 2: Risk assessment
      const riskScore = await this.riskEngine.assess({
        userId: user.id,
        credentials,
        context,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      });

      console.log(`Risk assessment score: ${riskScore} for user ${user.id}`);

      // Step 3: Adaptive authentication based on risk
      const authResult = await this.performAdaptiveAuthentication(user, riskScore, context);

      if (!authResult.success) {
        throw new Error('Authentication failed');
      }

      // Step 4: Create session with enhanced security
      const session = await this.createSecureSession(user, authResult, riskScore, context);

      // Step 5: Issue tokens
      const tokens = await this.issueTokens(user, session, riskScore);

      return {
        user: this.sanitizeUser(user),
        session: session,
        tokens,
        riskScore,
        mfaRequired: authResult.mfaRequired,
        passwordChangeRequired: authResult.passwordChangeRequired
      };

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Authentication error:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async validateCredentials(username, password) {
    // Retrieve user from database (simplified)
    const user = await this.getUserByUsername(username);
    if (!user) {
      return null;
    }

    // Check if account is locked
    if (user.lockUntil && user.lockUntil > Date.now()) {
      throw new Error(`Account locked until ${new Date(user.lockUntil).toISOString()}`);
    }

    // Verify password with secure comparison
    const isValid = await argon2.verify(user.passwordHash, password);

    if (!isValid) {
      await this.handleFailedLogin(user);
      return null;
    }

    // Check if password needs to be changed
    if (user.passwordChangeRequired && user.lastPasswordChange) {
      const daysSinceChange = (Date.now() - user.lastPasswordChange) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
      if (daysSinceChange > 90) {
        user.passwordChangeRequired = true;
      }
    }

    // Reset failed attempts on successful login
    user.failedAttempts = 0;
    user.lockUntil = null;
    await this.updateUser(user);

    return user;
  }

  async performAdaptiveAuthentication(user, riskScore, context) {
    const result = {
      success: false,
      mfaRequired: false,
      passwordChangeRequired: false,
      additionalVerification: false
    };

    // Base requirements
    if (riskScore < 30) {
      // Low risk - standard authentication
      result.success = true;
      result.passwordChangeRequired = user.passwordChangeRequired || false;
    } else if (riskScore < 60) {
      // Medium risk - require MFA
      if (user.mfaEnabled && context.mfaToken) {
        const mfaValid = await this.mfaProvider.verify(user.mfaSecret, context.mfaToken);
        if (mfaValid) {
          result.success = true;
          result.mfaRequired = true;
          result.passwordChangeRequired = user.passwordChangeRequired || false;
        }
      } else {
        result.mfaRequired = true;
      }
    } else {
      // High risk - require MFA + additional verification
      result.additionalVerification = true;

      if (user.mfaEnabled && context.mfaToken) {
        const mfaValid = await this.mfaProvider.verify(user.mfaSecret, context.mfaToken);

        if (mfaValid) {
          // Additional verification: device fingerprint, behavioral analysis, etc.
          const additionalValid = await this.performAdditionalVerification(user, context);

          if (additionalValid) {
            result.success = true;
            result.mfaRequired = true;
            result.passwordChangeRequired = user.passwordChangeRequired || false;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  async performAdditionalVerification(user, context) {
    // Device fingerprinting
    const deviceFingerprint = this.generateDeviceFingerprint(context);

    const deviceTrusted = await this.isDeviceTrusted(user.id, deviceFingerprint);

    if (!deviceTrusted) {
      // Require device registration or additional approval
      return false;
    }

    // Behavioral biometrics (simplified)
    const behaviorValid = await this.analyzeBehavior(user.id, context);

    return behaviorValid;
  }

  async createSecureSession(user, authResult, riskScore, context) {
    const sessionId = this.generateSecureToken();

    const session = {
      id: sessionId,
      userId: user.id,
      username: user.username,
      roles: user.roles,
      permissions: user.permissions,
      riskScore: riskScore,
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      lastActivity: Date.now(),
      expiresAt: Date.now() + this.config.sessionTimeout,

      // Security context
      ipAddress: context.ipAddress,
      userAgent: context.userAgent,
      deviceFingerprint: this.generateDeviceFingerprint(context),

      // Authentication context
      mfaVerified: authResult.mfaRequired,
      additionalVerification: authResult.additionalVerification,

      // Session security
      maxInactiveTime: this.config.sessionTimeout,
      requireReauth: riskScore > 70,

      // Audit trail
      loginTime: Date.now(),
      loginMethod: authResult.mfaRequired ? 'mfa' : 'password',
      riskLevel: this.getRiskLevel(riskScore)
    };

    // Store session
    this.sessionStore.set(sessionId, session);

    // Log session creation
    await this.logSecurityEvent('SESSION_CREATED', {
      sessionId,
      userId: user.id,
      riskScore,
      context: this.sanitizeContext(context)
    });

    return session;
  }

  async issueTokens(user, session, riskScore) {
    const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);

    // Access token - short lived
    const accessTokenPayload = {
      sub: user.id,
      username: user.username,
      email: user.email,
      roles: user.roles,
      permissions: user.permissions,
      sessionId: session.id,
      riskScore: riskScore,
      type: 'access',
      iat: now,
      exp: now + (15 * 60), // 15 minutes
      iss: 'zero-trust-auth',
      jti: this.generateSecureToken()
    };

    const accessToken = jwt.sign(accessTokenPayload, this.jwtSecret, {
      algorithm: 'HS256'
    });

    // Refresh token - longer lived
    const refreshTokenPayload = {
      sub: user.id,
      sessionId: session.id,
      type: 'refresh',
      iat: now,
      exp: now + (7 * 24 * 60 * 60), // 7 days
      iss: 'zero-trust-auth',
      jti: this.generateSecureToken()
    };

    const refreshToken = jwt.sign(refreshTokenPayload, this.jwtSecret, {
      algorithm: 'HS256'
    });

    // ID token - contains identity information
    const idTokenPayload = {
      sub: user.id,
      name: user.name,
      email: user.email,
      picture: user.picture,
      email_verified: user.emailVerified,
      auth_time: now,
      session: session.id,
      risk_score: riskScore,
      type: 'id',
      iat: now,
      exp: now + (60 * 60), // 1 hour
      iss: 'zero-trust-auth',
      jti: this.generateSecureToken()
    };

    const idToken = jwt.sign(idTokenPayload, this.jwtSecret, {
      algorithm: 'HS256'
    });

    return {
      accessToken,
      refreshToken,
      idToken,
      expiresIn: 15 * 60
    };
  }

  async validateToken(token, expectedType = null) {
    try {
      const decoded = jwt.verify(token, this.jwtSecret, {
        algorithms: ['HS256']
      });

      // Check if token is blacklisted
      if (this.tokenBlacklist.has(decoded.jti)) {
        throw new Error('Token has been revoked');
      }

      // Check token type if specified
      if (expectedType && decoded.type !== expectedType) {
        throw new Error(`Expected ${expectedType} token, got ${decoded.type}`);
      }

      // Validate session
      if (decoded.sessionId) {
        const session = this.sessionStore.get(decoded.sessionId);
        if (!session || session.expiresAt < Date.now()) {
          throw new Error('Session expired');
        }

        // Update last activity
        session.lastActivity = Date.now();
        this.sessionStore.set(decoded.sessionId, session);

        // Check if re-authentication is required
        if (session.requireReauth && decoded.exp - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) < (5 * 60)) {
          throw new Error('Re-authentication required');
        }
      }

      return decoded;

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Token validation error:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async revokeToken(token) {
    try {
      const decoded = jwt.decode(token);
      this.tokenBlacklist.add(decoded.jti);

      // Remove session if access token
      if (decoded.sessionId) {
        this.sessionStore.delete(decoded.sessionId);
      }

      await this.logSecurityEvent('TOKEN_REVOKED', {
        jti: decoded.jti,
        userId: decoded.sub,
        type: decoded.type
      });

      return true;

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Token revocation error:', error);
      return false;
    }
  }

  async refreshToken(refreshToken) {
    try {
      const decoded = jwt.verify(refreshToken, this.jwtSecret, {
        algorithms: ['HS256']
      });

      if (decoded.type !== 'refresh') {
        throw new Error('Invalid token type');
      }

      // Check session validity
      const session = this.sessionStore.get(decoded.sessionId);
      if (!session || session.expiresAt < Date.now()) {
        throw new Error('Session expired');
      }

      // Get user
      const user = await this.getUserById(decoded.sub);
      if (!user) {
        throw new Error('User not found');
      }

      // Re-assess risk
      const context = this.getSessionContext(session);
      const newRiskScore = await this.riskEngine.assess({
        userId: user.id,
        sessionId: decoded.sessionId,
        context,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        tokenRefresh: true
      });

      // Issue new tokens
      const newTokens = await this.issueTokens(user, session, newRiskScore);

      // Revoke old refresh token
      this.tokenBlacklist.add(decoded.jti);

      return {
        ...newTokens,
        session: session,
        riskScore: newRiskScore
      };

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Token refresh error:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  generateDeviceFingerprint(context) {
    const components = [
      context.userAgent || '',
      context.language || '',
      context.timezone || '',
      context.screenResolution || '',
      context.colorDepth || '',
      context.plugins || ''
    ];

    return crypto
      .createHash('sha256')
      .update(components.join('|'))
      .digest('hex');
  }

  async isDeviceTrusted(userId, deviceFingerprint) {
    // Check if device fingerprint is in trusted list
    const trustedDevices = await this.getTrustedDevices(userId);
    return trustedDevices.includes(deviceFingerprint);
  }

  async addTrustedDevice(userId, deviceFingerprint, deviceName) {
    const trustedDevices = await this.getTrustedDevices(userId);

    if (!trustedDevices.includes(deviceFingerprint)) {
      trustedDevices.push({
        fingerprint: deviceFingerprint,
        name: deviceName,
        addedAt: Date.now()
      });

      await this.saveTrustedDevices(userId, trustedDevices);

      await this.logSecurityEvent('DEVICE_TRUSTED', {
        userId,
        deviceFingerprint,
        deviceName
      });
    }
  }

  generateSecureToken(length = 32) {
    return crypto.randomBytes(length).toString('hex');
  }

  getRiskLevel(riskScore) {
    if (riskScore < 30) return 'low';
    if (riskScore < 60) return 'medium';
    if (riskScore < 80) return 'high';
    return 'critical';
  }

  // Helper methods (would interact with database)
  async getUserByUsername(username) {
    // Database implementation
    return {
      id: 'user_123',
      username: username,
      passwordHash: '$2b$12$LQv3c1yqBWVHxkd0LHAkOYqBmw6DR3Ly.wVmQ.3f/8XIi2lE',
      email: '[email protected]',
      name: 'John Doe',
      roles: ['user'],
      permissions: ['read', 'write'],
      mfaEnabled: true,
      mfaSecret: 'JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP',
      passwordChangeRequired: false,
      lastPasswordChange: Date.now() - (30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
      failedAttempts: 0,
      lockUntil: null
    };
  }

  async getUserById(userId) {
    // Database implementation
    return {
      id: userId,
      username: 'john_doe',
      passwordHash: '$2b$12$LQv3c1yqBWVHxkd0LHAkOYqBmw6DR3Ly.wVmQ.3f/8XIi2lE',
      email: '[email protected]',
      name: 'John Doe',
      roles: ['user'],
      permissions: ['read', 'write'],
      mfaEnabled: true,
      mfaSecret: 'JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP',
      passwordChangeRequired: false,
      lastPasswordChange: Date.now() - (30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
      failedAttempts: 0,
      lockUntil: null
    };
  }

  async updateUser(user) {
    // Database implementation
    console.log('Updating user:', user.id);
  }

  async handleFailedLogin(user) {
    user.failedAttempts++;

    if (user.failedAttempts >= this.config.maxFailedAttempts) {
      user.lockUntil = Date.now() + this.config.lockoutDuration;

      await this.logSecurityEvent('ACCOUNT_LOCKED', {
        userId: user.id,
        failedAttempts: user.failedAttempts,
        lockUntil: user.lockUntil
      });
    }

    await this.updateUser(user);
  }

  async getTrustedDevices(userId) {
    // Database implementation
    return [];
  }

  async saveTrustedDevices(userId, devices) {
    // Database implementation
    console.log('Saving trusted devices for user:', userId);
  }

  async logSecurityEvent(event, data) {
    // Security logging implementation
    const logEntry = {
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      event,
      data,
      severity: this.getEventSeverity(event)
    };

    console.log('Security event:', logEntry);

    // Would send to SIEM, logging service, etc.
  }

  getEventSeverity(event) {
    const severityMap = {
      'SESSION_CREATED': 'info',
      'TOKEN_REVOKED': 'warning',
      'ACCOUNT_LOCKED': 'high',
      'DEVICE_TRUSTED': 'info',
      'RISK_HIGH': 'high'
    };

    return severityMap[event] || 'info';
  }

  sanitizeContext(context) {
    const sanitized = { ...context };

    // Remove sensitive information
    delete sanitized.password;
    delete sanitized.token;
    delete sanitized.mfaSecret;

    return sanitized;
  }

  sanitizeUser(user) {
    const sanitized = { ...user };

    // Remove sensitive information
    delete sanitized.passwordHash;
    delete sanitized.mfaSecret;

    return sanitized;
  }

  getSessionContext(session) {
    return {
      sessionId: session.id,
      userId: session.userId,
      ipAddress: session.ipAddress,
      userAgent: session.userAgent,
      deviceFingerprint: session.deviceFingerprint
    };
  }

  async analyzeBehavior(userId, context) {
    // Simplified behavioral analysis
    // In practice, this would analyze typing patterns, mouse movements, etc.
    return Math.random() > 0.1; // 90% pass rate for demo
  }
}

class RiskAssessmentEngine {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.rules = options.rules || this.getDefaultRules();
    this.weights = options.weights || { ...this.getDefaultWeights() };
    this.model = new MLModel(options.model);
    this.enabled = options.enabled !== false;
  }

  async assess(context) {
    if (!this.enabled) {
      return 25; // Default medium risk
    }

    const scores = await Promise.all([
      this.assessLocationRisk(context),
      this.assessDeviceRisk(context),
      this.assessBehavioralRisk(context),
      this.assessTemporalRisk(context),
      this.assessNetworkRisk(context)
    ]);

    // Apply weights
    let weightedScore = 0;
    let totalWeight = 0;

    for (const [category, score] of Object.entries(scores)) {
      const weight = this.weights[category];
      weightedScore += score * weight;
      totalWeight += weight;
    }

    // Normalize to 0-100 scale
    const normalizedScore = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, (weightedScore / totalWeight) * 100));

    // Apply ML model if available
    if (this.model && this.model.isTrained()) {
      const mlScore = await this.model.predict(context);
      return (normalizedScore + mlScore) / 2;
    }

    return normalizedScore;
  }

  async assessLocationRisk(context) {
    // Assess based on IP geolocation, VPN usage, etc.
    return 20;
  }

  async assessDeviceRisk(context) {
    // Assess based on device fingerprint, OS, browser
    return 15;
  }

  async assessBehavioralRisk(context) {
    // Assess based on user behavior patterns
    return 25;
  }

  async assessTemporalRisk(context) {
    // Assess based on time of day, frequency of requests
    const hour = new Date().getHours();

    // Higher risk during off-hours
    if (hour < 6 || hour > 22) {
      return 30;
    } else if (hour < 9 || hour > 17) {
      return 20;
    } else {
      return 10;
    }
  }

  async assessNetworkRisk(context) {
    // Assess based on network reputation, encryption
    return 15;
  }

  getDefaultRules() {
    return {
      location: {
        suspiciousCountries: ['CN', 'RU', 'KP', 'IR'],
        vpns: ['tor', 'proxy', 'vpn'],
        datacenters: ['aws', 'gcp', 'azure']
      },
      device: {
        outdatedBrowsers: ['IE', 'Edge Legacy'],
        suspiciousUserAgents: ['bot', 'crawler', 'scanner']
      },
      behavior: {
        rapidRequests: 10, // requests per minute
        unusualPatterns: ['concurrent', 'distributed']
      }
    };
  }

  getDefaultWeights() {
    return {
      location: 0.3,
      device: 0.2,
      behavioral: 0.3,
      temporal: 0.1,
      network: 0.1
    };
  }
}

class MFAProvider {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.config = options;
    this.issuer = options.issuer || 'ZeroTrust';
  }

  async generateSecret(user) {
    const secret = speakeasy.generateSecret({
      name: `ZeroTrust MFA - ${user.username}`,
      issuer: this.issuer,
      length: 32
    });

    // Save secret to user profile
    user.mfaSecret = secret;
    await this.updateUser(user);

    // Return provisioning URI and QR code
    return {
      secret: secret,
      provisioningUri: speakeasy.otpauthURL({
        secret: secret,
        label: `${user.username}@${this.issuer}`,
        issuer: this.issuer
      })
    };
  }

  async verify(secret, token) {
    const verified = speakeasy.totp.verify({
      secret: secret,
      encoding: 'base32',
      token: token,
      window: 2 // Allow 2 time steps before/after current time
    });

    return verified;
  }

  async updateUser(user) {
    // Database implementation
    console.log('Updating user MFA settings:', user.id);
  }
}

class MLModel {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.isModelTrained = false;
    this.model = null;
    // Would load pre-trained model here
  }

  isTrained() {
    return this.isModelTrained;
  }

  async predict(context) {
    if (!this.isTrained) {
      return 25; // Default prediction
    }

    // Use model for risk prediction
    // This would integrate with actual ML model
    return Math.random() * 100;
  }
}

// Usage example
const authSystem = new ZeroTrustAuthSystem({
  jwtSecret: 'your-super-secret-jwt-key',
  sessionTimeout: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
  maxFailedAttempts: 5,
  lockoutDuration: 30 * 60 * 1000, // 30 minutes
  riskEngine: {
    enabled: true,
    model: {
      enabled: false // Disable ML for demo
    }
  },
  mfa: {
    issuer: 'ZeroTrust'
  }
});

// Authentication middleware
const authenticate = async (req, res, next) => {
  try {
    const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;
    if (!authHeader || !authHeader.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Missing or invalid authorization header' });
    }

    const token = authHeader.substring(7);
    const decoded = await authSystem.validateToken(token);

    // Add user info to request
    req.user = decoded;
    req.session = authSystem.sessionStore.get(decoded.sessionId);

    next();

  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Authentication error:', error);
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid or expired token' });
  }
};

// Authorization middleware
const authorize = (requiredPermissions) => {
  return (req, res, next) => {
      if (!req.user || !req.user.permissions) {
        return res.status(403).json({ error: 'No permissions available' });
      }

      const userPermissions = req.user.permissions;
      const hasPermission = requiredPermissions.every(permission =>
        userPermissions.includes(permission) || userPermissions.includes('admin')
      );

      if (!hasPermission) {
        return res.status(403).json({
          error: 'Insufficient permissions',
          required: requiredPermissions,
          current: userPermissions
        });
      }

      next();
    };
};

// Example route with Zero Trust
app.get('/api/secure-data', authenticate, authorize(['read']), (req, res) => {
  res.json({ message: 'Secure data accessed successfully' });
});

// Session management endpoint
app.post('/api/refresh', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const { refreshToken } = req.body;
    const result = await authSystem.refreshToken(refreshToken);
    res.json(result);
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid refresh token' });
  }
});

// Logout endpoint
app.post('/api/logout', authenticate, async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;
    const token = authHeader.substring(7);

    await authSystem.revokeToken(token);

    res.json({ message: 'Logged out successfully' });
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(400).json({ error: 'Logout failed' });
  }
});

// MFA enrollment endpoint
app.post('/api/mfa/enroll', authenticate, async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const mfaSetup = await authSystem.mfaProvider.generateSecret(req.user);
    res.json(mfaSetup);
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(500).json({ error: 'MFA enrollment failed' });
  }
});

// Zero Trust Network Segmentation Implementation
// Advanced segmentation with micro-segmentation and dynamic policies

const express = require('express');
const iptables = require('iptables');
const winston = require('winston');
const crypto = require('crypto');

class ZeroTrustNetworkSegmentation {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.app = express();
    this.logger = winston.createLogger({
      level: 'info',
      format: winston.format.combine(
        winston.format.timestamp(),
        winston.format.errors({ stack: true }),
        winston.format.json()
      ),
      transports: [
        new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'network-segmentation.log' }),
        new winston.transports.Console()
      ]
    });

    this.segmentEngine = new SegmentEngine(options.segmentation);
    this.policyEngine = new PolicyEngine(options.policies);
    this.enforcementEngine = new EnforcementEngine(options.enforcement);

    this.config = {
      defaultPolicy: 'deny-all',
      inspectionEnabled: options.inspectionEnabled !== false,
      loggingEnabled: options.loggingEnabled !== false,
      realTimeUpdates: options.realTimeUpdates !== false,
      ...options
    };

    this.segments = new Map();
    this.policies = new Map();
    this.connections = new Map();

    this.initialize();
  }

  initialize() {
    this.setupMiddleware();
    this.setupRoutes();
    this.loadConfiguration();
  }

  setupMiddleware() {
    // Request logging and analysis
    this.app.use((req, res, next) => {
      this.analyzeRequest(req);
      next();
    });

    // Header injection for inspection
    this.app.use((req, res, next) => {
      if (this.config.inspectionEnabled) {
        req.ztHeaders = this.generateInspectionHeaders(req);
      }
      next();
    });

    // Connection tracking
    this.app.use((req, res, next) => {
      const connectionId = this.getConnectionId(req);
      this.trackConnection(connectionId, req);
      next();
    });
  }

  setupRoutes() {
    // Segmentation management
    this.app.post('/api/segments', this.createSegment.bind(this));
    this.app.get('/api/segments', this.listSegments.bind(this));
    this.app.put('/api/segments/:id', this.updateSegment.bind(this));
    this.app.delete('/api/segments/:id', this.deleteSegment.bind(this));

    // Policy management
    this.app.post('/api/policies', this.createPolicy.bind(this));
    this.app.get('/api/policies', this.listPolicies.bind(this));
    this.app.put('/api/policies/:id', this.updatePolicy.bind(this));
    this.app.delete('/api/policies/:id', this.deletePolicy.bind(this));

    // Enforcement
    this.app.post('/api/enforce/:segmentId', this.enforcePolicy.bind(this));
    this.app.post('/api/enforce/connections', this.enforceOnConnections.bind(this));

    // Monitoring and analytics
    this.app.get('/api/analytics/segments', this.getSegmentAnalytics.bind(this));
    this.app.get('/api/analytics/connections', this.getConnectionAnalytics.bind(this));
    this.app.get('/api/analytics/violations', this.getViolationAnalytics.bind(this));
  }

  async loadConfiguration() {
    try {
      // Load default segments
      const defaultSegments = await this.loadDefaultSegments();
      for (const segment of defaultSegments) {
        await this.segmentEngine.createSegment(segment);
      }

      // Load default policies
      const defaultPolicies = await this.loadDefaultPolicies();
      for (const policy of defaultPolicies) {
        await this.policyEngine.createPolicy(policy);
      }

      this.logger.info('Zero Trust network segmentation configuration loaded');

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to load configuration:', error);
    }
  }

  async createSegment(req, res) {
    try {
      const segmentData = {
        ...req.body,
        id: this.generateId(),
        createdAt: Date.now(),
        createdBy: req.user?.id || 'system'
      };

      // Validate segment configuration
      this.validateSegmentConfig(segmentData);

      // Create segment
      const segment = await this.segmentEngine.createSegment(segmentData);

      // Apply default policies
      await this.applyDefaultPolicies(segment);

      res.status(201).json(segment);
      this.logger.info(`Created segment: ${segment.id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to create segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async updateSegment(req, res) {
    try {
      const { id } = req.params;
      const updateData = req.body;

      const segment = await this.segmentEngine.getSegment(id);
      if (!segment) {
        return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Segment not found' });
      }

      // Validate updates
      this.validateSegmentConfig(updateData);

      const updatedSegment = await this.segmentEngine.updateSegment(id, updateData);

      // Re-apply policies
      await this.reapplySegmentPolicies(updatedSegment);

      res.json(updatedSegment);
      this.logger.info(`Updated segment: ${id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to update segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async deleteSegment(req, res) {
    try {
      const { id } = req.params;

      await this.segmentEngine.deleteSegment(id);

      // Clean up associated policies
      await this.cleanupSegmentPolicies(id);

      res.status(204).send();
      this.logger.info(`Deleted segment: ${id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to delete segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async listSegments(req, res) {
    try {
      const segments = await this.segmentEngine.listSegments();
      res.json(segments);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to list segments:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async createPolicy(req, res) {
    try {
      const policyData = {
        ...req.body,
        id: this.generateId(),
        createdAt: Date.now(),
        createdBy: req.user?.id || 'system'
      };

      // Validate policy configuration
      this.validatePolicyConfig(policyData);

      const policy = await this.policyEngine.createPolicy(policyData);

      res.status(201).json(policy);
      this.logger.info(`Created policy: ${policy.id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to create policy:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async updatePolicy(req, res) {
    try {
      const { id } = req.params;
      const updateData = req.body;

      const policy = await this.policyEngine.getPolicy(id);
      if (!policy) {
        return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Policy not found' });
      }

      const updatedPolicy = await this.policyEngine.updatePolicy(id, updateData);

      // Update enforcement for affected segments
      await this.updatePolicyEnforcement(updatedPolicy);

      res.json(updatedPolicy);
      this.logger.info(`Updated policy: ${id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to update policy:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async deletePolicy(req, res) {
    try {
      const { id } = req.params;

      await this.policyEngine.deletePolicy(id);

      // Remove policy from segments
      await this.removePolicyFromSegments(id);

      res.status(204).send();
      this.logger.info(`Deleted policy: ${id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to delete policy:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async listPolicies(req, res) {
    try {
      const policies = await this.policyEngine.listPolicies();
      res.json(policies);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to list policies:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async enforcePolicy(req, res) {
    try {
      const { segmentId } = req.params;
      const { target, action } = req.body;

      const segment = await this.segmentEngine.getSegment(endcodedURIComponent(segmentId));
      if (!segment) {
        return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Segment not found' });
      }

      const result = await this.enforcementEngine.enforcePolicy(segment, target, action);

      res.json(result);
      this.logger.info(`Enforced policy on segment ${segmentId}: ${action} on ${target}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to enforce policy:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async enforceOnConnections(req, res) {
    try {
      const { connections } = req.body;

      const results = [];

      for (const connection of connections) {
        const result = await this.enforcePolicyOnConnection(connection);
        results.push(result);
      }

      res.json({ results });
      this.logger.info(`Enforced policies on ${connections.length} connections`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to enforce policies on connections:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async getSegmentAnalytics(req, res) {
    try {
      const analytics = await this.segmentEngine.getAnalytics();
      res.json(analytics);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to get segment analytics:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async getConnectionAnalytics(req, res) {
    try {
      const analytics = await this.enforcementEngine.getConnectionAnalytics();
      res.json(analytics);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to get connection analytics:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async getViolationAnalytics(req, res) {
    try {
      const violations = await this.enforcementEngine.getViolationAnalytics();
      res.json(violations);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to get violation analytics:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  async analyzeRequest(req) {
    const analysis = {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      method: req.method,
      url: req.url,
      headers: this.sanitizeHeaders(req.headers),
      ip: req.ip,
      userAgent: req.get('User-Agent'),
      connectionId: this.getConnectionId(req)
    };

    // Run through policy engine
    const decision = await this.policyEngine.evaluateRequest(analysis);

    if (decision.action === 'block') {
      this.logger.warn(`Request blocked: ${analysis.url} from ${analysis.ip}`, decision);
    }

    // Store for analytics
    this.storeRequestAnalytics(analysis, decision);
  }

  generateInspectionHeaders(req) {
    const timestamp = Date.now();
    const requestId = this.generateId();

    return {
      'X-ZT-Timestamp': timestamp,
      'X-ZT-Request-ID': requestId,
      'X-ZT-Segmentation': 'pending',
      'X-ZT-Risk-Score': '0',
      'X-ZT-Inspection': 'enabled'
    };
  }

  getConnectionId(req) {
    // Generate consistent connection ID from request characteristics
    const components = [
      req.ip,
      req.get('User-Agent') || '',
      req.get('X-Forwarded-For') || ''
    ];

    return crypto
      .createHash('sha256')
      .update(components.join('|'))
      .digest('hex')
      .substring(0, 16);
  }

  trackConnection(connectionId, req) {
    if (!this.connections.has(connectionId)) {
      this.connections.set(connectionId, {
        id: connectionId,
        firstSeen: Date.now(),
        lastSeen: Date.now(),
        requestCount: 0,
        bytesReceived: 0,
        bytesSent: 0,
        userAgent: req.get('User-Agent'),
        ip: req.ip
      });
    }

    const connection = this.connections.get(connectionId);
    connection.lastSeen = Date.now();
    connection.requestCount++;
    connection.bytesReceived += req.socket.bytesRead || 0;
  }

  async enforcePolicyOnConnection(connection) {
    try {
      // Identify segment for connection
      const segment = await this.identifyConnectionSegment(connection);

      // Get applicable policies
      const policies = await this.getApplicablePolicies(segment);

      // Enforce policies
      const results = [];
      for (const policy of policies) {
        const result = await this.enforcementEngine.enforcePolicy(
          segment,
          `connection:${connection.id}`,
          'allow'
        );
        results.push({
          policyId: policy.id,
          result
        });
      }

      return {
        connectionId: connection.id,
        segmentId: segment.id,
        policies: results,
        overall: results.every(r => r.result.action === 'allow') ? 'allow' : 'block'
      };

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to enforce policy on connection:', error);
      return {
        connectionId: connection.id,
        error: error.message,
        overall: 'error'
      };
    }
  }

  async identifyConnectionSegment(connection) {
    // Use various heuristics to identify segment
    const segmentRules = [
      {
        name: 'internal-traffic',
        condition: (conn) => this.isInternalIP(conn.ip)
      },
      {
        name: 'external-traffic',
        condition: (conn) => !this.isInternalIP(conn.ip)
      },
      {
        name: 'vpn-traffic',
        condition: (conn) => this.isVPNConnection(conn)
      },
      {
        name: 'admin-access',
        condition: (conn) => conn.userAgent.includes('admin') || this.isAdminIP(conn.ip)
      }
    ];

    for (const rule of segmentRules) {
      if (rule.condition(connection)) {
        return { id: rule.name, name: rule.name };
      }
    }

    return { id: 'default', name: 'Default Segment' };
  }

  async getApplicablePolicies(segment) {
    return await this.policyEngine.getPoliciesForSegment(segment.id);
  }

  validateSegmentConfig(config) {
    const requiredFields = ['name', 'type', 'description'];
    for (const field of requiredFields) {
      if (!config[field]) {
        throw new Error(`Missing required field: ${field}`);
      }
    }

    // Validate network configurations
    if (config.network) {
      if (config.network.cidr && !this.isValidCIDR(config.network.cidr)) {
        throw new Error('Invalid CIDR format');
      }
    }
  }

  validatePolicyConfig(config) {
    const requiredFields = ['name', 'type', 'action'];
    for (const field of requiredFields) {
      if (!config[field]) {
        throw new Error(`Missing required field: ${field}`);
      }
    }

    // Validate action
    const validActions = ['allow', 'deny', 'log', 'alert'];
    if (!validActions.includes(config.action)) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid action. Must be one of: ${validActions.join(', ')}`);
    }

    // Validate target
    const validTargets = ['any', 'ip', 'port', 'protocol', 'user', 'device'];
    if (config.target && !validTargets.includes(config.target.type)) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid target type. Must be one of: ${validTargets.join(', ')}`);
    }
  }

  generateId() {
    return crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
  }

  isInternalIP(ip) {
    const internalRanges = [
      '10.0.0.0/8',
      '172.16.0.0/12',
      '192.168.0.0/16',
      '127.0.0.0/8'
    ];

    return internalRanges.some(range => this.ipInCIDR(ip, range));
  }

  isVPNConnection(connection) {
    // Check for common VPN indicators
    const vpnIndicators = [
      'vpn',
      'tunnel',
      'proxy'
    ];

    return vpnIndicators.some(indicator =>
      connection.userAgent?.toLowerCase().includes(indicator) ||
      connection.ip?.includes(indicator)
    );
  }

  isAdminIP(ip) {
    const adminIPs = ['192.168.1.100', '10.0.0.1']; // Would load from config
    return adminIPs.includes(ip);
  }

  isValidCIDR(cidr) {
    // Simplified CIDR validation
    const cidrPattern = /^(d{1,3}.){3}d{1,3}/d{1,2}$/;
    return cidrPattern.test(cidr);
  }

  ipInCIDR(ip, cidr) {
    const [network, prefixLength] = cidr.split('/');
    const [networkStart] = network.split('.').map(Number);
    const [ipStart] = ip.split('.').map(Number);

    // Convert to 32-bit integers
    const networkNum = (networkStart[0] << 24) + (networkStart[1] << 16) + (networkStart[2] << 8) + networkStart[3];
    const ipNum = (ipStart[0] << 24) + (ipStart[1] << 16) + (ipStart[2] << 8) + ipStart[3]);

    const mask = (0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - parseInt(prefixLength))) >>> 0;

    return (networkNum & mask) === (ipNum & mask);
  }

  sanitizeHeaders(headers) {
    const sanitized = {};
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
      if (!key.toLowerCase().includes('password') &&
          !key.toLowerCase().includes('secret') &&
          !key.toLowerCase().includes('token')) {
        sanitized[key] = value;
      }
    }
    return sanitized;
  }

  storeRequestAnalytics(analysis, decision) {
    // Store in analytics database
    this.logger.info('Request analyzed', {
      analysis,
      decision,
      severity: decision.action === 'block' ? 'warning' : 'info'
    });
  }

  async loadDefaultSegments() {
    return [
      {
        name: 'critical-infrastructure',
        type: 'infrastructure',
        description: 'Critical infrastructure servers and systems',
        network: {
          cidr: '10.0.1.0/24',
          ports: [22, 443, 3389, 5432, 8080],
          protocols: ['ssh', 'https', 'mysql', 'postgres']
        },
        policies: ['strict-security', 'monitoring'],
        tags: ['infrastructure', 'critical']
      },
      {
        name: 'developer-workstations',
        type: 'workstation',
        description: 'Developer workstations and dev environments',
        network: {
          cidr: '192.168.1.0/24',
          ports: [22, 80, 443, 3000, 8080, 9000],
          protocols: ['ssh', 'http', 'https', 'websocket']
        },
        policies: ['developer-access', 'build-tools'],
        tags: ['development', 'workstation']
      },
      {
        name: 'guest-wifi',
        type: 'guest',
        description: 'Guest WiFi network with restricted access',
        network: {
          cidr: '172.16.32.0/22',
          ports: [80, 443],
          protocols: ['http', 'https']
        },
        policies: ['guest-access', 'web-only'],
        tags: ['guest', 'wifi']
      },
      {
        name: 'iot-devices',
        type: 'iot',
        description: 'IoT devices and sensors',
        network: {
          cidr: '10.10.0.0/16',
          ports: [80, 443, 1883, 8883],
          protocols: ['http', 'https', 'mqtt', 'coap']
        },
        policies: ['iot-security', 'device-communication'],
        tags: ['iot', 'sensors']
      }
    ];
  }

  async loadDefaultPolicies() {
    return [
      {
        name: 'deny-all',
        type: 'default',
        action: 'deny',
        description: 'Default deny all traffic',
        priority: 1,
        rules: [
          {
            target: { type: 'any' },
            action: 'deny',
            log: true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'allow-internal-dns',
        type: 'network',
        action: 'allow',
        description: 'Allow internal DNS queries',
        priority: 10,
        rules: [
          {
            target: { type: 'protocol', value: 'dns' },
            action: 'allow',
            log: false
          },
          {
            target: { type: 'ip', value: '10.0.1.1' },
            action: 'allow',
            log: false
          },
          {
            target: { type: 'ip', value: '8.8.8.8' },
            action: 'allow',
            log: false
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'block-suspicious-ips',
        type: 'security',
        action: 'deny',
        description: 'Block known malicious IP addresses',
        priority: 100,
        rules: [],
        threatIntelFeed: true // Would integrate with threat intel feeds
      },
      {
        name: 'require-mfa-for-admin',
        type: 'security',
        action: 'deny',
        description: 'Require MFA for admin access',
        priority: 50,
        rules: [
          {
            condition: 'user.role == admin',
            target: { type: 'any' },
            action: 'deny',
            unless: 'user.mfaVerified',
            log: true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'rate-limit-api-calls',
        type: 'security',
        action: 'deny',
        description: 'Rate limit API calls',
        priority: 30,
        rules: [
          {
            target: { type: 'protocol', value: 'http' },
            action: 'limit',
            rate: { requests: 100, window: '60s' },
            log: true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'log-all-traffic',
        type: 'logging',
        action: 'allow',
        description: 'Log all network traffic for analysis',
        priority: 1,
        rules: [
          {
            target: { type: 'any' },
            action: 'allow',
            log: true
          }
        ]
      }
    ];
  }

  async applyDefaultPolicies(segment) {
    const defaultPolicies = await this.loadDefaultPolicies();

    for (const policy of defaultPolicies) {
      try {
        await this.segmentEngine.addPolicyToSegment(segment.id, policy.id);
      } catch (error) {
        this.logger.error(`Failed to apply default policy ${policy.id} to segment ${segment.id}:`, error);
      }
    }
  }

  async reapplySegmentPolicies(segment) {
    // Remove existing policies
    await this.segmentEngine.removeAllPoliciesFromSegment(segment.id);

    // Re-apply policies
    await this.applyDefaultPolicies(segment);
  }

  async cleanupSegmentPolicies(segmentId) {
    const policies = await this.policyEngine.getPoliciesForSegment(segmentId);

    for (const policy of policies) {
      try {
        await this.segmentEngine.removePolicyFromSegment(segmentId, policy.id);
      } catch (error) {
        this.logger.error(`Failed to remove policy ${policy.id} from segment ${segmentId}:`, error);
      }
    }
  }

  async updatePolicyEnforcement(policy) {
    // Get segments using this policy
    const segments = await this.segmentEngine.getSegmentsUsingPolicy(policy.id);

    for (const segment of segments) {
      await this.enforcementEngine.updatePolicyEnforcement(segment, policy);
    }
  }

  async removePolicyFromSegments(policyId) {
    const segments = await this.segmentEngine.getSegmentsUsingPolicy(policyId);

    for (const segment of segments) {
      await this.enforcementEngine.removePolicyEnforcement(segment, policyId);
    }
  }
}

class SegmentEngine {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.segments = new Map();
    this.segmentPolicies = new Map(); // segmentId -> Set of policyIds
  }

  async createSegment(segmentData) {
    this.segments.set(segmentData.id, segmentData);
    this.segmentPolicies.set(segmentData.id, new Set());
    return segmentData;
  }

  async getSegment(id) {
    return this.segments.get(id);
  }

  async updateSegment(id, updateData) {
    const segment = this.segments.get(id);
    if (!segment) {
      throw new Error('Segment not found');
    }

    Object.assign(segment, updateData);
    segment.updatedAt = Date.now();
    return segment;
  }

  async deleteSegment(id) {
    this.segments.delete(id);
    this.segmentPolicies.delete(id);
  }

  async listSegments() {
    return Array.from(this.segments.values());
  }

  async addPolicyToSegment(segmentId, policyId) {
    const policies = this.segmentPolicies.get(segmentId);
    policies.add(policyId);
  }

  async removePolicyFromSegment(segmentId, policyId) {
    const policies = this.segmentPolicies.get(segmentId);
    policies.delete(policyId);
  }

  async removeAllPoliciesFromSegment(segmentId) {
    this.segmentPolicies.set(segmentId, new Set());
  }

  async getSegmentsUsingPolicy(policyId) {
    const segments = [];

    for (const [segmentId, policyIds] of this.segmentPolicies.entries()) {
      if (policyIds.has(policyId)) {
        const segment = await this.getSegment(segmentId);
        if (segment) {
          segments.push(segment);
        }
      }
    }

    return segments;
  }

  async getAnalytics() {
    return {
      totalSegments: this.segments.size,
      segmentsWithPolicies: Array.from(this.segmentPolicies.entries()).filter(([_, policies]) => policies.size > 0).length,
      averagePoliciesPerSegment: this.calculateAveragePolicies(),
      segmentTypes: this.getSegmentTypeDistribution()
    };
  }

  calculateAveragePolicies() {
    const totalPolicies = Array.from(this.segmentPolicies.values()).reduce((sum, policies) => sum + policies.size, 0);
    return this.segments.size > 0 ? totalPolicies / this.segments.size : 0;
  }

  getSegmentTypeDistribution() {
    const distribution = {};

    for (const segment of this.segments.values()) {
      distribution[segment.type] = (distribution[segment.type] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return distribution;
  }
}

class PolicyEngine {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.policies = new Map();
    this.defaultPolicy = options.defaultPolicy || 'deny-all';
  }

  async createPolicy(policyData) {
    this.policies.set(policyData.id, policyData);
    return policyData;
  }

  async getPolicy(id) {
    return this.policies.get(id);
  }

  async updatePolicy(id, updateData) {
    const policy = this.policies.get(id);
    if (!policy) {
      throw new Error('Policy not found');
    }

    Object.assign(policy, updateData);
    policy.updatedAt = Date.now();
    return policy;
  }

  async deletePolicy(id) {
    this.policies.delete(id);
  }

  async listPolicies() {
    return Array.from(this.policies.values());
  }

  async getPoliciesForSegment(segmentId) {
    const policies = [];

    for (const policy of this.policies.values()) {
      if (policy.segments && policy.segments.includes(segmentId)) {
        policies.push(policy);
      }
    }

    return policies;
  }

  async evaluateRequest(request) {
    // Evaluate request against all policies
    let decision = { action: 'allow' };

    for (const policy of this.policies.values()) {
      const policyDecision = await this.evaluatePolicy(request, policy);

      // Use most restrictive decision
      if (policyDecision.action === 'deny') {
        decision = policyDecision;
        break; // Deny takes precedence
      }
    }

    return decision;
  }

  async evaluatePolicy(request, policy) {
    for (const rule of policy.rules) {
      const matches = await this.evaluateRule(request, rule);

      if (matches) {
        return {
          action: rule.action,
          policyId: policy.id,
          rule: rule,
          matchedCondition: rule.condition
        };
      }
    }

    // Default to policy action
    return {
      action: policy.action,
      policyId: policy.id
    };
  }

  async evaluateRule(request, rule) {
    if (rule.condition) {
      return await this.evaluateCondition(request, rule.condition);
    }
    return false;
  }

  async evaluateCondition(request, condition) {
    // Handle different condition types
    if (typeof condition === 'string') {
      // String condition - parse and evaluate
      return await this.evaluateStringCondition(request, condition);
    } else if (typeof condition === 'object' && condition.type) {
      // Object condition
      return this.evaluateObjectCondition(request, condition);
    }
    return false;
  }

  async evaluateStringCondition(request, condition) {
    // Simple string-based evaluation
    // In practice, this would use a proper expression parser
    const context = {
      user: request.user,
      ip: request.ip,
      userAgent: request.userAgent,
      method: request.method,
      url: request.url
    };

    try {
      // Use Function constructor for safe evaluation
      const func = new Function('context', `return ${condition}`);
      return func(context);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Error evaluating condition '${condition}':`, error);
      return false;
    }
  }

  evaluateObjectCondition(request, condition) {
    const context = {
      user: request.user,
      ip: request.ip,
      userAgent: request.userAgent,
      method: request.method,
      url: request.url
    };

    switch (condition.type) {
      case 'equals':
        return this.compareValues(context, condition.field, condition.value, '==');

      case 'not-equals':
        return this.compareValues(context, condition.field, condition.value, '!=');

      case 'contains':
        return String(context[condition.field]).toLowerCase().includes(String(condition.value).toLowerCase());

      case 'regex':
        const regex = new RegExp(condition.pattern, condition.flags || '');
        return regex.test(String(context[condition.field]));

      case 'in':
        return Array.isArray(condition.value) &&
               condition.value.includes(context[condition.field]);

      default:
        return false;
    }
  }

  compareValues(context, field, value, operator) {
    const contextValue = this.getNestedValue(context, field);
    const conditionValue = value;

    switch (operator) {
      case '==':
        return contextValue === conditionValue;
      case '!=':
        return contextValue !== conditionValue;
      case '>':
        return Number(contextValue) > Number(conditionValue);
      case '<':
        return Number(contextValue) < Number(conditionValue);
      case '>=':
        return Number(contextValue) >= Number(conditionValue);
      case '<=':
        return Number(contextValue) <= Number(conditionValue);
      default:
        return false;
    }
  }

  getNestedValue(obj, path) {
    return path.split('.').reduce((current, key) => current?.[ key ], obj);
  }
}

class EnforcementEngine {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.enforcementRules = new Map();
    this.violations = [];
    this.connectionAnalytics = new Map();
    this.logger = winston.createLogger({
      level: 'info',
      format: winston.format.combine(
        winston.format.timestamp(),
        winston.format.errors({ stack: true }),
        winston.format.json()
      )
    });
  }

  async enforcePolicy(segment, target, action) {
    const rule = {
      target,
      action,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      segmentId: segment.id,
      policyId: 'unknown'
    };

    try {
      // Implement enforcement based on target type
      const result = await this.enforceRule(rule, segment);

      if (result.action === 'block') {
        this.logViolation(rule);
      }

      return result;

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Policy enforcement error:', error);
      return {
        action: 'error',
        error: error.message
      };
    }
  }

  async enforceRule(rule, segment) {
    switch (rule.target.type) {
      case 'ip':
        return await this.enforceIPRule(rule, segment);
      case 'port':
        return await this.enforcePortRule(rule, segment);
      case 'protocol':
        return await this.enforceProtocolRule(rule, segment);
      case 'user':
        return await this.enforceUserRule(rule, segment);
      case 'device':
        return await this.enforceDeviceRule(rule, segment);
      default:
        return { action: 'allow', message: 'Unknown target type' };
    }
  }

  async enforceIPRule(rule, segment) {
    // Implement IP-based enforcement using iptables
    return await this.enforceWithIPTable(rule, segment);
  }

  async enforcePortRule(rule, segment) {
    // Implement port-based enforcement
    return await this.enforceWithIPTable(rule, segment);
  }

  async enforceProtocolRule(rule, segment) {
    // Implement protocol-based enforcement
    return await this.enforceWithIPTable(rule, segment);
  }

  async enforceUserRule(rule, segment) {
    // User-based enforcement handled at application level
    return { action: 'allow', message: 'User enforcement requires application integration' };
  }

  async enforceDeviceRule(rule, segment) {
    // Device-based enforcement handled at application level
    return { action: 'allow', message: 'Device enforcement requires application integration' };
  }

  async enforceWithIPTable(rule, segment) {
    // Implement actual iptables enforcement
    const command = this.generateIPTableCommand(rule, segment);

    try {
      await this.executeShellCommand(command);

      return {
        action: rule.action,
        message: `Rule enforced: ${command}`,
        command: command
      };

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('iptables enforcement error:', error);
      return {
        action: 'error',
        error: error.message
      };
    }
  }

  generateIPTableCommand(rule, segment) {
    let command = 'iptables';

    switch (rule.target.type) {
      case 'ip':
        command += ` -s ${segment.network.cidr}`;
        if (rule.action === 'deny') {
          command += ' -j DROP';
        } else {
          command += ' -j ACCEPT';
        }
        command += ` -s ${rule.target.value}`;
        break;

      case 'port':
        command += ` -p ${rule.target.value} -j ${rule.action}`;
        if (segment.network.cidr) {
          command += ` -s ${segment.network.cidr}`;
        }
        break;

      case 'protocol':
        command += ` -p ${rule.target.value} -j ${rule.action}`;
        break;

      default:
        throw new Error(`Unsupported target type: ${rule.target.type}`);
    }

    command += ` -m comment "Zero Trust: ${rule.policyId}"`;

    return command;
  }

  async executeShellCommand(command) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      const { spawn } = require('child_process');
      const process = spawn(command, { shell: true });

      let stdout = '';
      let stderr = '';

      process.stdout.on('data', (data) => {
        stdout += data;
      });

      process.stderr.on('data', (data) => {
        stderr += data;
      });

      process.on('close', (code) => {
        if (code === 0) {
          resolve({ stdout, stderr, code });
        } else {
          reject(new Error(`Command failed with exit code ${code}`));
        }
      });

      process.on('error', (error) => {
        reject(error);
      });
    });
  }

  logViolation(rule) {
    const violation = {
      id: this.generateId(),
      timestamp: rule.timestamp,
      segmentId: rule.segmentId,
      policyId: rule.policyId,
      target: rule.target,
      action: rule.action,
      reason: rule.message || 'Policy violation',
      context: this.getContextInfo()
    };

    this.violations.push(violation);
    this.logger.warn('Policy violation detected', violation);

    // Could send alerts to SIEM
    this.sendSecurityAlert(violation);
  }

  sendSecurityAlert(violation) {
    // Send security alert to SIEM or monitoring system
    console.log('Security Alert:', JSON.stringify(violation, null, 2));
  }

  getContextInfo() {
    return {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      hostname: require('os').hostname(),
      platform: process.platform,
      nodeVersion: process.version,
      memory: process.memoryUsage()
    };
  }

  getConnectionAnalytics() {
    return {
      totalConnections: this.connectionAnalytics.size,
      activeConnections: Array.from(this.connectionAnalytics.values())
        .filter(conn => Date.now() - conn.lastSeen < 30000) // Last 30 seconds
        .length,
      averageRequestCount: this.calculateAverageRequestCount(),
      totalBytes: this.calculateTotalBytes()
    };
  }

  getViolationAnalytics() {
    return {
      totalViolations: this.violations.length,
      violationsByType: this.getViolationsByType(),
      violationsByPolicy: this.getViolationsByPolicy(),
      recentViolations: this.getRecentViolations(),
      topViolations: this.getTopViolations()
    };
  }

  calculateAverageRequestCount() {
    const connections = Array.from(this.connectionAnalytics.values());
    if (connections.length === 0) return 0;

    const totalRequests = connections.reduce((sum, conn) => sum + conn.requestCount, 0);
    return totalRequests / connections.length;
  }

  calculateTotalBytes() {
    const connections = Array.from(this.connectionAnalytics.values());
    return connections.reduce((sum, conn) => sum + (conn.bytesReceived + conn.bytesSent), 0);
  }

  getViolationsByType() {
    const types = {};

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const type = violation.target?.type || 'unknown';
      types[type] = (types[type] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return types;
  }

  getViolationsByPolicy() {
    const policies = {};

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const policyId = violation.policyId || 'unknown';
      policies[policyId] = (policies[policyId] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return policies;
  }

  getRecentViolations() {
      const oneHourAgo = Date.now() - (60 * 60 * 1000);
      return this.violations.filter(v => v.timestamp > oneHourAgo);
  }

  getTopViolations() {
    const counts = {};

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const key = `${violation.policyId}:${violation.target?.type}`;
      counts[key] = (counts[key] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return Object.entries(counts)
      .sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])
      .slice(0, 10)
      .map(([key, count]) => {
        const [policyId, target] = key.split(':');
        return {
          policyId,
          target,
          count
        };
      });
  }

  generateId() {
    require('crypto').randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
  }
}

// Usage example
const segmentation = new ZeroTrustNetworkSegmentation({
  segmentation: {
    defaultPolicy: 'deny-all',
    inspectionEnabled: true,
    realTimeUpdates: true
  },
  policies: {
    defaultPolicy: 'deny-all',
    loggingEnabled: true
  },
  enforcement: {
    defaultAction: 'block',
    enableLogging: true,
    enableAlerts: true
  }
});

// Start the segmentation service
const port = process.env.PORT || 3001;
segmentation.app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Zero Trust Network Segmentation API listening on port ${port}`);
});

// Graceful shutdown
process.on('SIGINT', () => {
  console.log('Shutting down...');
  process.exit(0);
});

// Zero Trust Micro-Segmentation Implementation
// Granular segmentation for containers and applications

const express = require('express');
const { EventEmitter } = require('events');
const Docker = require('dockerode');
const Kubernetes = require('@kubernetes/client');
const winston = require('winston');

class ZeroTrustMicroSegmentation extends EventEmitter {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    super();

    this.config = {
      // Container orchestration
      orchestration: options.orchestration || 'kubernetes',
      dockerApi: options.dockerApi || '/var/run/docker.sock',
      kubernetesConfig: options.kubernetesConfig,

      // Segmentation strategy
      strategy: options.strategy || 'application-based',
      defaultPolicy: 'deny-all',

      // Runtime settings
      enableRuntimePolicies: options.enableRuntimePolicies !== false,
      enableAPIAccess: options.enableAPIAccess !== false,
      realTimeUpdates: options.realTimeUpdates !== false,

      // Analytics
      enableAnalytics: options.enableAnalytics !== false,
      analyticsRetention: options.analyticsRetention || '24h',

      ...options
    };

    this.logger = winston.createLogger({
      level: 'info',
      format: winston.format.combine(
        winston.format.timestamp(),
        winston.format.errors({ stack: true }),
        winston.format.json(),
        winston.format.colorize(),
        winston.format.simple()
      ),
      transports: [
        new winston.transports.Console(),
        new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'micro-segmentation.log' })
      ]
    });

    this.segments = new Map();
    this.microSegments = new Map();
    this.workloadProfiles = new Map();
    this.runtimePolicies = new Map();

    this.orchestrator = null;
    this.client = null;

    this.initialize();
  }

  async initialize() {
    await this.setupOrchestrator();
    await this.setupClients();
    await this.loadInitialConfiguration();

    this.logger.info('Zero Trust micro-segmentation initialized');
    this.emit('initialized');
  }

  async setupOrchestration() {
    switch (this.config.orchestration) {
      case 'kubernetes':
        await this.setupKubernetes();
        break;
      case 'docker':
        await this.setupDocker();
        break;
      default:
        throw new Error(`Unsupported orchestration: ${this.config.orchestration}`);
    }
  }

  async setupKubernetes() {
    try {
      const kc = new Kubernetes.KubeConfig(this.config.kubernetesConfig);
      this.client = new Kubernetes.CoreV1Api(kc);
      this.orchestrator = new Kubernetes.CoreV1Api(kc);

      this.logger.info('Kubernetes client initialized');
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to initialize Kubernetes client:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async setupDocker() {
    try {
      this.orchestrator = new Docker.Docker({ socketPath: this.config.dockerApi });

      await this.orchestrator.ping();
      this.logger.info('Docker client initialized');
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('docker connection failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  setupClients() {
    if (this.config.enableAPIAccess) {
      this.setupAPIRoutes();
    }

    // Setup real-time updates
    if (this.config.realTimeUpdates) {
      this.setupRealTimeUpdates();
    }
  }

  setupAPIRoutes() {
    this.app.use(express.json());
    this.logger.info('API routes configured');
  }

  setupRealTimeUpdates() {
    // WebSocket for real-time updates
    const WebSocket = require('ws');
    this.wss = new WebSocket.Server({ port: 8081 });

    this.wss.on('connection', (ws) => {
      ws.on('message', (data) => {
        try {
          const message = JSON.parse(data);
          this.handleRealTimeUpdate(message);
        } catch (error) {
          this.logger.error('Real-time update error:', error);
        }
      });
    });

    this.logger.info('WebSocket server started on port 8081');
  }

  handleRealTimeUpdate(message) {
    switch (message.type) {
      case 'segment-updated':
        this.broadcastSegmentUpdate(message.data);
        break;
      case 'policy-updated':
        this.broadcastPolicyUpdate(message.data);
        break;
      case 'workload-detected':
        this.handleWorkloadDetection(message.data);
        break;
      default:
        this.logger.warn('Unknown real-time update type:', message.type);
    }
  }

  broadcastSegmentUpdate(segmentData) {
    if (this.wss) {
      const message = {
        type: 'segment-updated',
        data: segmentData
      };

      this.wss.clients.forEach(client => {
        if (client.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
          client.send(JSON.stringify(message));
        }
      });
    }
  }

  async loadInitialConfiguration() {
    try {
      // Load workload profiles
      await this.loadWorkloadProfiles();

      // Load runtime policies
      if (this.config.enableRuntimePolicies) {
        await this.loadRuntimePolicies();
      }

      // Create initial segments based on discovered workloads
      await this.createInitialSegments();

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to load initial configuration:', error);
    }
  }

  async loadWorkloadProfiles() {
    const profiles = [
      {
        name: 'web-server',
        type: 'application',
        description: 'Web server workloads',
        resourceRequirements: {
          cpu: '500m',
          memory: '1Gi',
          bandwidth: '100Mbps'
        },
        securityRequirements: {
          networkAccess: ['http', 'https'],
          databaseAccess: true,
          filesystemAccess: false
        },
        complianceRequirements: {
          dataClassification: 'confidential',
          retentionPeriod: '30d',
          auditLogging: true
        }
      },
      {
        name: 'database-server',
        type: 'application',
        description: 'Database server workloads',
        resourceRequirements: {
          cpu: '2vCPU',
          memory: '4Gi',
          bandwidth: '1Gbps',
          storage: '100Gi'
        },
        securityRequirements: {
          networkAccess: ['postgres', 'mysql'],
          databaseAccess: true,
          filesystemAccess: true
        },
        complianceRequirements: {
          dataClassification: 'sensitive',
          retentionPeriod: '90d',
          auditLogging: true,
          encryptionAtRest: true
        }
      },
      {
        name: 'api-gateway',
        type: 'application',
        description: 'API gateway workloads',
        resourceRequirements: {
          cpu: '1vCPU',
          memory: '2Gi',
          bandwidth: '500Mbps'
        },
        securityRequirements: {
          networkAccess: ['http', 'https'],
          databaseAccess: true,
          filesystemAccess: false
        },
        complianceRequirements: {
          dataClassification: 'restricted',
          retentionPeriod: '7d'
        }
      },
      {
        name: 'batch-processing',
        type: 'application',
        description: 'Batch processing workloads',
        resourceRequirements: {
          cpu: '4vCPU',
          memory: '8Gi',
          bandwidth: '2Gbps'
        },
        securityRequirements: {
          networkAccess: ['sftp', 'ssh'],
          databaseAccess: true,
          filesystemAccess: true
        },
        complianceRequirements: {
          dataClassification: 'confidential',
          retentionPeriod: '60d'
        }
      }
    ];

    for (const profile of profiles) {
      this.workloadProfiles.set(profile.name, profile);
    }

    this.logger.info(`Loaded ${profiles.length} workload profiles`);
  }

  async loadRuntimePolicies() {
    const policies = [
      {
        name: 'container-runtime-protection',
        type: 'security',
        description: 'Container runtime security policies',
        rules: [
          {
            name: 'block-privileged-containers',
            condition: {
              field: 'runtime.privileged',
              operator: '==',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'high'
          },
          {
            name: 'require-read-only-filesystem',
            condition: {
              field: 'runtime.readOnlyRootfs',
              operator: '!=',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'medium'
          },
          {
            'name: 'restrict-cap-drop',
            condition: {
              field: 'runtime.capDrop',
              operator: '==',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'high'
          },
          {
            'name: 'no-new-privileges',
            condition: {
              field: 'runtime.noNewPrivileges',
              operator: '!=',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'medium'
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'network-access-control',
        type: 'network',
        description: 'Network access control for containers',
        rules: [
          {
            name: 'block-external-requests-by-default',
            condition: {
              field: 'network.defaultExternalAccess',
              operator: '!=',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'high'
          },
          {
            'name: 'allow-dns-resolution',
            condition: {
              field: 'network.dnsAccess',
              operator: '==',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'allow',
            severity: 'low'
          },
          {
            name: 'rate-limit-outbound-connections',
            condition: {
              field: 'network.maxOutboundConnections',
              operator: '>',
              value: 100
            },
            action: 'limit',
            severity: 'medium'
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        name: 'application-security',
        type: 'application',
        description: 'Application-level security controls',
        rules: [
          {
            name: 'disable-insecure-protocols',
            condition: {
              field: 'application.insecureProtocols',
              operator: 'includes',
              value: ['telnet', 'ftp', 'rsh', 'rlogin']
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'high'
          },
          {
            name: 'scan-for-secrets',
            condition: {
              field: 'application.scanSecrets',
              operator: '==',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'medium'
          },
          {
            'enforce-read-only-filesystem',
            condition: {
              field: 'application.readOnlyRootfs',
              operator: '==',
              value: true
            },
            action: 'deny',
            severity: 'medium'
          }
        ]
      }
    ];

    for (const policy of policies) {
      this.runtimePolicies.set(policy.name, policy);
    }

    this.logger.info(`Loaded ${policies.length} runtime policies`);
  }

  async createInitialSegments() {
    try {
      // Auto-create segments for discovered workloads
      for (const profile of this.workloadProfiles.values()) {
        const segment = await this.createMicroSegment({
          name: profile.name,
          workloadId: profile.name,
          type: profile.type,
          target: 'container',
          parent: 'default'
        });

        this.logger.info(`Created micro-segment for workload: ${profile.name}`);
      }

      // Create network-level segments
      await this.createNetworkSegments();

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to create initial segments:', error);
    }
  }

  async createMicroSegment(segmentConfig) {
    const segment = {
      id: this.generateId(),
      name: segmentConfig.name,
      type: segmentConfig.type,
      workloadId: segmentConfig.workloadId,
      target: segmentConfig.target,
      parent: segmentConfig.parent || 'default',

      // Network configuration
      network: {
        cidr: '10.0.0.0/24',
        ports: [],
        protocols: []
      },

      // Security configuration
      security: {
        policies: ['container-runtime-protection', 'network-access-control'],
        enforcementMode: 'strict'
      },

      // Resource limits
      resources: {
        cpu: segmentConfig.resourceRequirements?.cpu || '500m',
        memory: segmentConfig.resourceRequirements?.memory || '1Gi',
        ephemeral: segmentConfig.ephemeral || false
      },

      // Labels for identification
      labels: {
        workload: segmentConfig.workloadId,
        type: 'micro-segment',
        environment: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'production'
      },

      // Metadata
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      updatedAt: Date.now(),
      createdBy: 'auto-creation',
      status: 'active'
    };

    // Configure network based on target type
    this.configureSegmentNetwork(segment, segmentConfig);

    // Apply security policies
    await this.applySegmentSecurityPolicies(segment);

    // Store segment
    this.microSegments.set(segment.id, segment);
    this.segments.set(segment.id, segment);

    this.emit('segmentCreated', segment);

    return segment;
  }

  async createNetworkSegments() {
    const networkSegments = [
      {
        name: 'critical-infrastructure',
        type: 'network',
        network: {
          cidr: '10.0.1.0/24'
        },
        policies: ['network-access-control'],
        enforcementMode: 'strict'
      },
      {
        name: 'development-network',
        type: 'network',
        network: {
          cidr: '192.168.1.0/24'
        },
        policies: ['network-access-control'],
        enforcementMode: 'permissive'
      },
      {
        name: 'guest-network',
        type: 'network',
        network: {
          cidr: '172.16.0.0/22'
        },
        policies: ['network-access-control', 'guest-access'],
        enforcementMode: 'restrictive'
      }
    ];

    for (const networkSegment of networkSegments) {
      const segment = {
        id: this.generateId(),
        name: networkSegment.name,
        type: networkSegment.type,
        target: 'network',
        network: networkSegment.network,
        policies: networkSegment.policies,
        enforcementMode: networkSegment.enforcementMode,
        createdAt: Date.now(),
        updatedAt: Date.now(),
        createdBy: 'auto-creation',
        status: 'active'
      };

      this.segments.set(segment.id, segment);
      this.logger.info(`Created network segment: ${segment.name}`);
    }
  }

  configureNetwork(segment, config) {
    if (config.type === 'container') {
      // Container-specific network configuration
      if (config.network?.cidr) {
        segment.network.cidr = config.network.cidr;
      }

      // Auto-detect ports from workload
      if (config.ports && config.ports.length > 0) {
        segment.network.ports = config.ports;
      }

      // Auto-detect protocols
      if (config.protocols && config.protocols.length > 0) {
        segment.network.protocols = config.protocols;
      }
    } else if (config.type === 'network') {
      // Network-level configuration is already set
      // No additional configuration needed
    }
  }

  async applySegmentPolicies(segment) {
    if (segment.security && segment.security.policies) {
      for (const policyName of segment.security.policies) {
        try {
          const policy = this.runtimePolicies.get(policyName);
          if (policy) {
            await this.applyPolicyToSegment(segment, policy);
          }
        } catch (error) {
          this.logger.error(`Failed to apply policy ${policyName} to segment ${segment.name}:`, error);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  async applyPolicyToSegment(segment, policy) {
    const segmentId = segment.id;

    switch (policy.type) {
      case 'container-runtime-protection':
        await this.applyContainerRuntimeProtection(segment, policy);
        break;

      case 'network-access-control':
        await this.applyNetworkAccessControl(segment, policy);
        break;

      case 'application-security':
        await this.applyApplicationSecurity(segment, policy);
        break;

      default:
        this.logger.warn(`Unknown policy type: ${policy.type}`);
    }
  }

  async applyContainerRuntimeProtection(segment, policy) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      // Configure container runtime protection
      if (policy.rules) {
        for (const rule of policy.rules) {
          if (rule.name === 'block-privileged-containers') {
            await this.applyContainerPolicy(segment, {
              security: {
                privileged: false
              }
            });
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply container runtime protection: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async applyNetworkAccessControl(segment, policy) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      // Apply network access control at orchestration level
      if (policy.rules) {
        for (const rule of policy.rules) {
          if (rule.name === 'block-external-requests-by-default') {
            await this.applyNetworkPolicy(segment, {
              network: {
                defaultExternalAccess: false
              }
            });
          } else if (rule.name === 'allow-dns-resolution') {
              await this.applyNetworkPolicy(segment, {
                network: {
                  dnsAccess: true
                }
              });
            }
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply network access control: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async applyApplicationSecurity(segment, policy) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      // Apply application security
      if (policy.rules) {
        for (const rule of policy.rules) {
          if (rule.name === 'disable-insecure-protocols') {
            await this.applyApplicationPolicy(segment, {
              security: {
                insecureProtocols: []
              }
            });
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply application security: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async applyContainerPolicy(segment, updates) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      const containers = await this.getContainersForSegment(segment.id);

      for (const container of containers) {
        if (updates.security) {
          await this.updateContainerSecurity(container, updates.security);
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply container policy: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async applyNetworkPolicy(segment, updates) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      // Apply network policies at orchestration level
      // This would integrate with network policies at the orchestration platform level
      this.logger.info(`Applying network policy updates to segment ${segment.id}`);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply network policy: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async applyApplicationPolicy(segment, updates) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      // Apply application policies at orchestration level
      this.logger.info(`Applying application policy updates to segment ${segment.id}`);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to apply application policy: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async getContainersForSegment(segmentId) {
    if (!this.orchestrator) return [];

    try {
      const containers = await this.orchestrator.listContainers({
        label: `workload=${segmentId}`
      });

      return containers.containers || [];
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to get containers for segment ${segmentId}:`, error);
      return [];
    }
  }

  async updateContainerSecurity(container, securityUpdates) {
    try {
      // Update container security settings
      if (securityUpdates.privileged !== undefined) {
        // Update privileged mode
      }

      if (securityUpdates.readOnlyRootfs !== undefined) {
        // Update read-only root filesystem
      }

      this.logger.info(`Updated container security for container ${container.Id}`);

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to update container security: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }

  async analyzeWorkload(workloadId) {
    // Analyze workload characteristics
    const profile = this.workloadProfiles.get(workloadId);
    if (!profile) {
      return null;
    }

    const characteristics = {
      resourceUtilization: await this.getResourceUtilization(workloadId),
      securityScore: await this.calculateSecurityScore(workloadId),
      riskLevel: this.assessRiskLevel(workloadId),
      complianceScore: this.assessCompliance(workloadId)
    };

    return {
      profile,
      characteristics,
      recommendations: this.generateRecommendations(characteristics)
    };
  }

  async getResourceUtilization(workloadId) {
    try {
      const containers = await this.getContainersForSegment(workloadId);

      if (containers.length === 0) {
        return { cpu: 0, memory: 0, bandwidth: 0 };
      }

      let totalCPU = 0;
      let totalMemory = 0;
      let totalBandwidth = 0;

      for (const container of containers) {
        const stats = await this.getContainerStats(container.Id);
        if (stats) {
          totalCPU += stats.cpu || 0;
          totalMemory += stats.memory || 0;
          totalBandwidth += stats.network?.bytesReceived || 0;
        }
      }

      return {
        cpu: totalCPU,
        memory: totalMemory,
        bandwidth: totalBandwidth,
        containers: containers.length
      };
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to get resource utilization: ${error.message}`);
      return { cpu: 0, memory: metrics.memoryUsage.heapUsed };
    }
  }

  calculateSecurityScore(workloadId) {
    let score = 50; // Base score

    try {
      const profile = this.workloadProfiles.get(workloadId);

      // Check compliance requirements
      if (profile.complianceRequirements) {
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'sensitive') {
          score -= 30;
        }
      }

      // Check security requirements
      if (profile.securityRequirements) {
        if (!profile.securityRequirements.databaseAccess) {
          score -= 20;
        }
      }

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to calculate security score: ${error.message}`);
    }

    return Math.max(0, score);
  }

  assessRiskLevel(workloadId) {
    let riskScore = 25; // Default medium risk

    try {
      const profile = this.workloadProfiles.get(workloadId);

      // Higher risk for external network access
      if (profile.securityRequirements.networkAccess.length > 2) {
        riskScore += 20;
      }

      // Higher risk for filesystem access
      if (profile.securityRequirements.filesystemAccess) {
        riskScore += 15;
      }

      // Higher risk for privileged containers
      if (profile.resourceRequirements.cpu.includes('vCPU')) {
        riskScore += 10;
      }

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to assess risk level: ${error.message}`);
    }

    if (riskScore > 75) return 'critical';
    if (riskScore > 50) return 'high';
    if (riskScore > 25) return 'medium';
    return 'low';
  }

  assessCompliance(workloadId) {
    let score = 0;

    try {
      const profile = this.workloadTypes.get(workloadId);

      if (profile.complianceRequirements) {
        // Score based on compliance level
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'public') score += 25;
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'internal') score += 50;
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'confidential') score += 75;
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'restricted') score += 90;
        if (profile.complianceRequirements.dataClassification === 'top-secret') score += 100;
      }

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to assess compliance: ${error.message}`);
    }

    return Math.min(100, score);
  }

  generateRecommendations(characteristics) {
    const recommendations = [];

    // Resource optimization recommendations
    if (characteristics.resourceUtilization.cpu > 80) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'optimization',
        priority: 'high',
        title: 'High CPU utilization detected',
        description: 'Consider scaling or optimizing CPU usage',
        suggestion: 'Implement horizontal scaling or CPU optimization'
      });
    }

    // Security recommendations
    if (characteristics.securityScore < 50) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'security',
        priority: 'high',
        title: 'Security score below threshold',
        description: 'Security score below 50% requires attention',
        suggestion: 'Review security policies and configurations'
      });
    }

    // Risk recommendations
    if (characteristics.riskLevel === 'critical') {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'security',
        priority: 'critical',
        title: 'Critical risk level detected',
        description: 'Workload presents critical security risks',
        suggestion: 'Review and implement additional security controls'
      });
    }

    // Compliance recommendations
    if (characteristics.complianceScore < 60) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'compliance',
        priority: 'medium',
        title: 'Compliance score needs improvement',
        description: 'Compliance score below 60%',
        suggestion: 'Review and update compliance controls'
      });
    }

    return recommendations;
  }

  async enforcePolicy(segmentId, target, action) {
    try {
      const segment = this.segments.get(segmentId);
      if (!segment) {
        throw new Error(`Segment not found: ${segmentId}`);
      }

      const result = await this.enforcementEngine.enforcePolicy(segment, { target, action });

      this.emit('policyEnforced', {
        segmentId,
        target,
        action: result.action,
        reason: result.message || 'Policy enforced'
      });

      return result;

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Policy enforcement failed: ${error.message}`);
      return { action: 'error', error: error.message };
    }
  }

  updateSegment(segmentId, updates) {
    const segment = this.segments.get(segmentId);
    if (!segment) {
      throw new Error(`Segment not found: ${segmentId}`);
    }

    Object.assign(segment, updates);
    segment.updatedAt = Date.now();

    this.segments.set(segmentId, segment);
    this.emit('segmentUpdated', segment);
  }

  deleteSegment(segmentId) {
    this.segments.delete(segmentId);
    this.microSegments.delete(segmentId);
    this.emit('segmentDeleted', { segmentId });
  }

  // Analytics and monitoring
  getSegmentAnalytics() {
    const segmentAnalytics = {
      total: this.segments.size,
      microSegments: this.microSegments.size,
      activeSegments: Array.from(this.segments.values()).filter(s => s.status === 'active').length,
      segmentTypes: this.getSegmentTypeDistribution(),
      securityPosture: this.getSecurityPostureDistribution(),
      resourceUtilization: await this.getOverallResourceUtilization(),
      violationTrends: this.getViolationTrends()
    };

    return segmentAnalytics;
  }

  getConnectionAnalytics() {
      const connectionAnalytics = {
        total: this.connectionAnalytics.size,
        activeConnections: this.connectionAnalytics.size,
        connectionTypes: this.getConnectionTypeDistribution(),
        averageSessionDuration: this.getAverageSessionDuration(),
        geographicDistribution: this.getGeographicDistribution()
      };

      return connectionAnalytics;
  }

  getViolationAnalytics() {
    return {
      total: this.violations.length,
      byType: this.getViolationsByType(),
      byPolicy: this.getViolationsByPolicy(),
      recent: this.getRecentViolations(),
      trends: this.getViolationTrends(),
      bySeverity: this.getViolationsBySeverity()
    };
  }

  getSegmentTypeDistribution() {
    const distribution = {};

    for (const segment of this.segments.values()) {
      distribution[segment.type] = (distribution[segment.type] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return distribution;
  }

  getSecurityPostureDistribution() {
    const postures = {
      strict: 0,
      permissive: 0,
      restrictive: 0
    };

    for (const segment of this.segments.values()) {
      if (segment.security) {
        const mode = segment.security.enforcementMode || 'default';
        postures[mode] = (postures[mode] || 0) + 1;
      }
    }

    return postures;
  }

  async getOverallResourceUtilization() {
    try {
      const segments = Array.from(this.segments.values());

      let totalCPU = 0;
      let totalMemory = 0;
      let totalBandwidth = 0;

      for (const segment of segments) {
        const utilization = await this.getResourceUtilization(segment.id);

        totalCPU += utilization.cpu;
        totalMemory += utilization.memory;
        totalBandwidth += utilization.bandwidth;
      }

      return {
        cpu: totalCPU,
        memory: totalMemory,
        bandwidth: totalBandwidth,
        efficiency: this.calculateEfficiency(totalCPU, totalMemory, totalBandwidth)
      };

    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`Failed to get resource utilization: ${error.message}`);
      return { cpu: 0, memory: metrics.memoryUsage.heapUsed, bandwidth: 0 };
    }
  }

  calculateEfficiency(cpu, memory, bandwidth) {
    // Calculate efficiency score based on resource utilization
    const cpuEfficiency = cpu > 0 ? (100 - (cpu / (cpu + memory + bandwidth / 100)) : 50) : 50;
    return Math.min(100, cpuEfficiency);
  }

  getConnectionTypeDistribution() {
    const distribution = {};

    for (const connection of this.connectionAnalytics.values()) {
      const type = this.determineConnectionType(connection);
      distribution[type] = (distribution[type] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return distribution;
  }

  getAverageSessionDuration() {
    const connections = Array.from(this.connectionAnalytics.values());
    const sessionDurations = connections.map(conn =>
      (Date.now() - (conn.firstSeen) / 1000) // milliseconds
    );

    return sessionDurations.length > 0
      ? sessionDurations.reduce((sum, duration) => sum + duration, 0) / sessionDurations.length
      : 0;
  }

  getGeographicDistribution() {
    const distribution = {};

    for (const connection of this.connectionAnalytics.values()) {
      const geoInfo = this.getGeoLocation(connection.ip);
      const location = ${geoInfo.country || 'unknown}`;

      distribution[location] = (distribution[location] || 0) + 1);
    }

    return distribution;
  }

  getViolationsByType() {
    const types = {};

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const type = violation.policy?.name || 'unknown';
      types[type] = (types[type] || 0) + 1);
    }

    return types;
  }

  getViolationsByPolicy() {
    const policies = {};

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const policyId = violation.policyId || 'unknown';
      policies[policyId] = (policies[policyId] || 0) + 1);
    }

    return policies;
  }

  getRecentViolations() {
      const oneHourAgo = Date.now() - (60 * 60 * 1000); // 1 hour ago
      return this.violations.filter(v => v.timestamp > oneHourAgo);
  }

  getViolationsBySeverity() {
    const severities = { critical: 0, high: 0, medium: 0, low: 0 };

    for (const violation of this.violations) {
      const severity = violation.severity || 'low';
      severities[severity] = (severities[severity] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return severities;
  }

  getGeoLocation(ip) {
    // Simplified geo-location lookup
    return {
      country: 'unknown',
      city: 'unknown',
      region: 'unknown',
      org: 'unknown'
    };
  }

  generateId() {
    require('crypto').randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
  }

  // Analytics and monitoring
  startPeriodicAnalytics() {
    setInterval(() => {
      this.updateAnalytics();
    }, 60000); // Every minute

    setInterval(() => {
      this.cleanupOldData();
    }, 300000); // Every 5 minutes
  }

  updateAnalytics() {
    const segmentAnalytics = this.getSegmentAnalytics();
    const connectionAnalytics = this.getConnectionAnalytics();
    const violationAnalytics = this.getViolationAnalytics();

    this.logger.info('Analytics update', {
      segments: segmentAnalytics,
      connections: connectionAnalytics,
      violations: violationAnalytics
    });

    // Update dashboards
    this.updateDashboards(segmentAnalytics, connectionAnalytics, violationAnalytics);
  }

  updateDashboards(segmentAnalytics, connectionAnalytics, violationAnalytics) {
    // Update dashboard data sources
    if (this.config.enableAnalytics) {
      this.updateDashboardData('segments', segmentAnalytics);
      this.updateDashboardData('connections', connectionAnalytics);
      this.updateDashboardData('violations', violationAnalytics);
    }
  }

  updateDashboardData(type, data) {
    // Update external dashboard systems
    console.log(
--- Dashboard Update [${type}] ---`);
    console.log(JSON.stringify(data, null, 2));
  }

  cleanupOldData() {
    // Clean up old analytics data
    const oneHourAgo = Date.now() - (60 * 60 * 1000);

    // Remove old violations
    this.violations = this.violations.filter(v => v.timestamp > oneHourAgo);

    // Remove inactive connections
    for (const [id, connection] of this.connectionAnalytics.entries()) {
      if (connection.lastSeen < oneHourAgo) {
        this.connectionAnalytics.delete(id);
      }
    }

    // Remove old session data
    this.sessionStore.cleanup();

    console.log('Cleanup completed');
  }
}

// Workload Profile and Application Integration
class WorkloadManager {
  constructor(segmentationEngine) {
    this.segmentationEngine = segmentationEngine;
  }

  async registerWorkload(profile) {
    const workload = {
      ...profile,
      id: this.generateId(),
      registeredAt: Date.now(),
      status: 'registered'
    };

    // Save to workload profiles
    this.segmentationEngine.workloadProfiles.set(profile.name, workload);

    // Create corresponding micro-segment
    const segment = await this.segmentationEngine.createMicroSegment({
      name: profile.name,
      workloadId: profile.name,
      type: profile.type,
      target: 'container',
      parent: 'default'
    });

    this.segmentationEngine.emit('workload-registered', workload);

    return segment;
  }

  async detectWorkload(containerId) {
    // Detect workload type from container metadata
    try {
      if (this.segmentationEngine.orchestrator) {
        const container = await this.segmentationEngine.orchestrator.getContainer(containerId);
        if (container) {
          const labels = container.Labels || {};

          // Match workload profile by labels
          for (const [workloadId, profile] of this.segmentationEngine.workloadProfiles.entries()) {
            if (workloadId === labels.workload) {
              return {
                workload: profile,
                confidence: this.matchConfidence(container, profile)
              };
            }
          }

          // If no direct match, try pattern matching
          const match = this.matchWorkloadProfile(container, this.segmentationEngine.workloadProfiles);
          if (match) {
            return {
              workload: match.workload,
              confidence: match.confidence,
              detected: true
            };
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Workload detection failed: ${error.message}`);
    }

    return null;
  }

  matchWorkloadProfile(container, profiles) {
    let bestMatch = null;
    let highestConfidence = 0;

    for (const [workloadId, profile] of profiles.entries()) {
      const confidence = this.matchConfidence(container, profile);

      if (confidence > highestConfidence) {
        bestMatch = workload;
        highestConfidence = confidence;
      }
    }

    return bestMatch ? bestMatch.workload : null;
  }

  matchConfidence(container, profile) {
    let confidence = 0;
    let factors = 0;

    // Match by name
    if (container.Labels && container.Labels.workload === profile.name) {
      confidence += 50;
      factors++;
    }

    // Match by resource requirements
    if (profile.resourceRequirements) {
      factors += 3;

      if (container.Resources) {
        // Compare CPU requirements
        if (profile.resourceRequirements.cpu && container.Resources.limits?.cpu) {
          const requiredCPU = this.parseCPURequirement(profile.resourceRequirements.cpu);
          const availableCPU = this.parseCPURequirement(container.Resources.limits?.cpu);

          if (availableCPU >= requiredCPU) {
            confidence += 20;
            factors++;
          }
        }

        // Compare memory requirements
        if (profile.resourceRequirements.memory && container.Resources.limits?.memory) {
          const requiredMemory = this.parseMemoryRequirement(profile.resourceRequirements.memory);
          availableMemory = this.parseMemoryRequirement(container.Resources.limits?.memory);

          if (availableMemory >= requiredMemory) {
            confidence += 20;
            factors++;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return factors > 0 ? confidence / factors : 0;
  }

  parseCPURequirement(cpuSpec) {
    if (typeof cpuSpec === 'string') {
      const match = cpuSpec.match(/(\d+)([mgtG]?)/);
      if (match) {
        const value = parseFloat(match[1]);
        return value * (match[2] === 'M' ? 1000 : 1);
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

  parseMemoryRequirement(memorySpec) {
    if (typeof memorySpec === 'string') {
      const match = memorySpec.match(/(\d+)([GM]i[Bb]?)$/);
      if (match) {
        const value = parseFloat(match[1]);
        return value * (match[2] === 'G' || match[2] === 'i' ? 1024 : 1) * 1024 : 1));
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

  async getWorkloadSummary() {
    const profiles = Array.from(this.segmentationEngine.workloadProfiles.values());

    const summary = {
      totalWorkloads: profiles.length,
      byType: this.getWorkloadTypeDistribution(profiles),
      averageSecurityScore: this.calculateAverageSecurityScore(profiles),
      averageRiskLevel: this.calculateAverageRiskLevel(profiles),
      complianceStatus: this.getOverallComplianceStatus(profiles)
    };

    return summary;
  }

  getWorkloadTypeDistribution(profiles) {
    const distribution = {};

    for (const profile of profiles) {
      distribution[profile.type] = (distribution[profile.type] || 0) + 1);
    }

    return distribution;
  }

  calculateAverageSecurityScore(profiles) {
    if (profiles.length === 0) return 50;

    const scores = profiles.map(profile =>
      this.segmentationEngine.calculateSecurityScore(profile.id)
    );

    return scores.reduce((sum, score) => sum + score, 0) / scores.length;
  }

  calculateAverageRiskLevel(profiles) {
    if (profiles.length === 0) return 'medium';

    const riskLevels = profiles.map(profile =>
      this.segmentationEngine.assessRiskLevel(profile.id)
    );

    const riskLevelCounts = {
      critical: 0,
      high: 0,
      medium: 0,
      low: 0
    };

    for (const level of riskLevels) {
      riskLevelCounts[level]++;
    }

    // Return the highest risk level with the least matches
    const riskLevelsOrdered = ['critical', 'high', 'medium', 'low'];
    for (const level of riskLevelsOrdered) {
      if (riskLevelCounts[level] > 0) {
        return level;
      }
    }

    return 'low';
  }

  getOverallComplianceStatus(profiles) {
    if (profiles.length === 0) return 100;

    const scores = profiles.map(profile =>
      this.segmentationEngine.assessCompliance(profile.id)
    );

    return scores.reduce((sum, score) => sum + score, 0) / scores.length;
  }
}

// Container and application integration
class ContainerManager {
  constructor(segmentationEngine) {
    this.segmentationEngine = segmentationEngine;
  }

  async updateContainer(containerId, updates) {
    if (!this.segmentationEngine.orchestrator) return;

    try {
      const container = await this.segmentationEngine.orchestrator.getContainer(containerId);

      if (container && updates.security) {
        await this.segmentationEngine.applyContainerPolicy(container, updates.security);
      }

      // Update segment with new container information
      await this.updateContainerInSegment(containerId, updates);

    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Failed to update container ${containerId}:`, error);
    }
  }

  async updateContainerInSegment(containerId, updates) {
    const container = await this.segmentationEngine.orchestrator.getContainer(containerId);
    if (!container) return;

    // Find associated segment
    const segment = await this.findSegmentByContainer(containerId);

    if (segment) {
      // Update segment with new container metadata
      segment.containerCount = (segment.containerCount || 0) + 1;
      segment.lastUpdated = Date.now();

      // Re-apply policies if needed
      await this.segmentationEngine.applySegmentPolicies(segment);

      this.segmentationEngine.updateSegment(segment.id, segment);
    }
  }

  async findSegmentByContainer(containerId) {
    for (const [segmentId, segment] of this.segmentationEngine.segments.entries()) {
      const containers = await this.segmentationEngine.getContainersForSegment(segmentId);

      if (containers.find(c => c.Id === containerId)) {
        return segment;
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
}

// Application integration example
class Application {
  constructor(segmentationEngine, app) {
    this.segmentationEngine = segmentationEngine;
    this.app = app;

    // Setup Zero Trust middleware
    this.setupMiddleware();
    this.setupRoutes();
  }

  setupMiddleware() {
      // Request analysis
      this.app.use(async (req, res, next) => {
        this.segmentationEngine.analyzeRequest(req);
        next();
      });

      // Policy enforcement
      this.app.use(async (req, res, next) => {
        const decision = await this.segmentationEngine.evaluateRequest(req);

        if (decision.action === 'block') {
          return res.status(403).json({
            error: 'Access denied by policy'
          });
        }

        next();
      });

      // Session validation
      this.app.use(async (req, res, next) => {
        if (req.headers.authorization) {
          try {
            const decoded = await this.segmentationEngine.validateToken(req.headers.authorization);
            if (decoded.exp < Date.now() / 1000) {
              return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Token expired' });
            }
            req.user = decoded;
          } catch (error) {
            return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' });
          }
        }

        // Validate session
        if (decoded && decoded.sessionId) {
          const session = this.segmentationEngine.sessionStore.get(decoded.sessionId);
          if (!session || session.expiresAt < Date.now()) {
            return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Session expired' });
          }

          req.session = session;
        }

        next();
      });
    }

  setupRoutes() {
      // Admin endpoints
      this.app.get('/api/segments', authenticate, authorize(['admin']), this.listSegments.bind(this));
      this.app.post('/api/segments', authenticate, authorize(['admin']), this.createSegment.bind(this));
      this.app.put('/api/segments/:id', authenticate, authorize(['admin']), this.updateSegment.bind(this));
      this.app.delete('/api/segments/:id', authenticate, authorize(['admin']), this.deleteSegment.bind(this));

      // Developer endpoints
      this.app.get('/api/workloads', authenticate, this.listWorkloads.bind(this));
      this.app.post('/api/workloads/:id/security-scan', authenticate, this.performSecurityScan.bind(this)));

      // Analytics endpoints
      this.app.get('/api/analytics', authenticate, authorize(['admin']), this.getAnalytics.bind(this));

      // Dynamic policy enforcement
      this.app.post('/api/enforce/:segmentId', authenticate, this.enforcePolicyOnConnection.bind(this)));

      // Workload detection
      this.app.post('/api/detect-workload', authenticate, this.detectWorkload.bind(this)));

      // Real-time updates
      this.app.get('/api/ws', authenticate, this.setupWebSocket.bind(this));
    }

  listSegments(req, res) {
    const segments = await this.segmentationEngine.listSegments();
    res.json(segments);
  }

  createSegment(req, res) {
    const segmentData = {
      ...req.body,
      id: this.segmentationEngine.generateId(),
      createdAt: Date.now()
    };

    try {
      const segment = await this.segmentationEngine.createSegment(segmentData);
      res.status(201).json(segment);
      this.logger.info(`Created segment: ${segment.name}`);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to create segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  updateSegment(req, res) {
    const { id } = req.params;
    const updates = req.body;

    try {
      const segment = await this.segmentationEngine.updateSegment(id, updates);
      res.json(segment);
      this.logger.info(`Updated segment: ${segment.name}`);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to update segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  deleteSegment(req, res) {
    const { id } = req.params;

    try {
      await this.segmentationEngine.deleteSegment(id);
      res.status(204).send();
      this.logger.info(`Deleted segment: ${id}`);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Failed to delete segment:', error);
      res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  listWorkloads(req, res) {
    const profiles = Array.from(this.segmentationEngine.workloadProfiles.values());
    res.json(profiles);
  }

  performSecurityScan(req, res) {
    const { id } = req.params;

    try {
      const analysis = await this.segmentationEngine.analyzeWorkload(id);
      res.json(analysis);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Security scan failed:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  enforcePolicyOnConnection(req, res) {
    const { segmentId, target, action } = req.params;

    try {
      const result = await this.segmentationEngine.enforcePolicy(segmentId, target, action);
      res.json(result);
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Policy enforcement failed:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  detectWorkload(req, res) {
    const { connectionId } = req.connectionId || this.getConnectionId(req);

    try {
      const workload = await this.segmentationEngine.analyzeWorkload(connectionId);

      res.json({
        workload,
        connectionId,
        detected: workload !== null
      });
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('Workload detection failed:', error);
      res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
  }

  setupWebSocket(ws, req, res) {
    ws.on('connection', (ws, req) => {
      const connectionId = this.getConnectionId(req);

      // Store connection reference for context
      this.connections.set(ws, {
        connectionId,
        ip: req.ip,
        userAgent: req.headers['user-agent'],
        headers: req.headers,
        socket: ws
      });
    });

    ws.on('message', (ws, data) => {
      this.handleWebSocketMessage(ws, data);
    });

    ws.on('close', () => {
      const connection = this.connections.get(ws);
      if (connection) {
        this.connections.delete(ws);
        this.logger.info(`Connection closed: ${connection.connectionId}`);
      }
    });

    res.status(200).json({
      message: 'WebSocket connected',
      connectionId
    });
  }

  handleWebSocketMessage(ws, data) {
    try {
      const message = JSON.parse(data);

      switch (message.type) {
        case 'connection-migration':
          this.handleConnectionMigration(ws, message.data);
          break;
        case 'risk-update':
          this.handleRiskUpdate(ws, message.data);
          break;
        case 'segment-update':
          this.handleSegmentUpdate(ws, message.data);
          break;
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error('WebSocket message error:', error);
    }
  }

  handleConnectionMigration(ws, data) {
    const connection = this.connections.get(ws);
    if (connection) {
      // Update connection with new security context
      connection.security = {
        requiresReauth: data.requiresReauth,
        trustScore: data.trustScore || 0
      };

      this.logger.info(`Connection migration required: ${connection.requiresReauth ? 'Yes' : 'No'}`);
    }
  }

  handleRiskUpdate(ws, data) {
    // Update connection risk score
    const connection = this.connections.get(ws);
    if (connection) {
      connection.security.riskScore = data.riskScore || 0;

      if (connection.security.riskScore > 70) {
        // Trigger additional verification
        this.logger.warn(`High risk score for connection ${connection.connectionId}: ${connection.security.riskScore}`);
      }
    }
  }

  handleSegmentUpdate(ws, data) {
    // Update segment information
    const connection = this.connections.get(ws);
    if (connection) {
      connection.segmentId = data.segmentId;
      connection.security.requiresReauth = data.requiresReauth;
    }
  }

  getConnectionId(req) {
    const connectionId = req.ztConnectionId ||
                     req.ip ||
                     req.connectionId ||
                     this.generateId();

    return connectionId;
  }
}

// Start the micro-segmentation service
const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
const app = express();
const segmentation = new ZeroTrustNetworkSegmentation({
  orchestration: 'kubernetes',
  enableAPIAccess: true,
  realTimeUpdates: true,
  analytics: {
    enabled: true,
    retention: '24h'
  },
  logging: {
    level: 'info'
  }
});

// Start the service
app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Zero Trust Micro-Segmentation API listening on port ${port}`);
});

// Add routes to application
const app2 = express();
const app2Router = express.Router();
app2.use('/api/v2', app2Router);

app2Router.use(authenticate);
app2Router.use(authorize(['admin']));

app2Router.get('/workloads', authenticate, async (req, res) => {
  const summary = await segmentation.getWorkloadSummary();
  res.json(summary);
});

app2Router.post('/workloads/:id/security-scan', authenticate, async (req, res) => {
  const analysis = await segmentation.analyzeWorkload(req.params.id);
  res.json(analysis);
});

// Graceful shutdown
process.on('SIGINT', () => {
  console.log('Shutting down Zero Trust Micro-Segmentation Service...');
  segmentation.stop();
  app.close();
  process.exit(0);
});