Pressure at Depth: 0.00 kPa
Depth: 0.00 m
Density: 1000 kg/m³
Hydrostatic Pressure Formula
P = ρgh
P: Pressure (Pa) | ρ: Density (kg/m³) | g: 9.8 m/s² | h: Depth (m)
P-h Curve
Parameters
Applications of Liquid Pressure
Dam Design
Dams are built thicker at the bottom because water pressure increases with depth. The pressure at the base determines the required structural strength.
Submarine Hull
Submarines need strong hulls to withstand increasing water pressure. Every 10 meters of depth adds about 1 atmosphere of pressure.
Hydraulic Systems
Pascal's principle applications use liquid pressure to multiply force. The pressure is transmitted equally throughout the confined fluid.
Water Towers
Elevated water tanks use gravity to create pressure. The height determines the water pressure in the pipes below.
Understanding Liquid Pressure
Key Points
- Pressure increases linearly with depth in a liquid
- Pressure depends on liquid density (ρ) - denser liquids exert more pressure
- Pressure acts equally in all directions at a given depth
- Pressure at the bottom of a container is uniform across the entire base
- The formula P = ρgh is for hydrostatic (still) liquid pressure
Liquid Comparison
| Liquid | Density | Pressure at 10m depth (kPa) |
|---|---|---|
| Oil (ρ = 800 kg/m³) | 800 | 78.4 |
| Water (ρ = 1000 kg/m³) | 1000 | 98.0 |
| Seawater (ρ = 1030 kg/m³) | 1030 | 100.9 |
| Mercury (ρ = 13600 kg/m³) | 13600 | 1332.8 |