# 波的折射 - Wave Refraction

介质边界处波的折射和斯涅尔定律的交互式可视化

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/wave-refraction

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive visualization of wave refraction at medium boundaries demonstrating Snell's Law and wave behavior changes. Features dual-medium visualization with different refractive indices (n₁, n₂ from 1.0-2.5), showing wavefront propagation, ray tracing, and wavelength changes. Interactive incident angle control (0-85°) to observe refraction angle variations according to Snell's Law: n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂). Adjustable wave parameters: frequency (1.0-5.0 Hz), base wave speed (100-300 px/s), animation speed (0.2-3.0x). Real-time calculation and display of wave speeds (v₁ = c/n₁, v₂ = c/n₂), wavelengths (λ₁ = v₁/f, λ₂ = v₂/f), and refraction angle (θ₂). Visual representation of incident wavefronts (blue lines in medium 1), refracted wavefronts (red lines in medium 2), light rays with directional arrows, and normal line. Comprehensive display options: toggle wavefronts, light rays, normal line, and angle arcs. Educational content covers Snell's Law, refractive index (n = c/v), wave speed relation (v = c/n = λ·f), wavelength calculation (λ = v/f = λ₀/n), and wavefront geometry explanation. Detailed explanations of refraction mechanisms: bending toward normal in denser medium, bending away from normal in less dense medium, wavelength changes while frequency remains constant. Real-world applications: optics (lenses, cameras, microscopes), atmospheric phenomena (mirages, rainbows, stellar twinkling), oceanography (ocean wave direction changes), seismology (seismic wave refraction through Earth's layers), communications (radio wave atmospheric refraction). Multi-language support (zh, en, fr, de, es, pt, ru).

## 相关内容

- [零级反应 - Zero-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/zero-order-reaction): 零级反应动力学和浓度随时间变化的交互式可视化
- [一级反应 - First-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/first-order-reaction): 一级反应动力学和指数浓度衰减的交互式可视化
- [二级反应 - Second-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/second-order-reaction): 二级反应动力学和双分子碰撞动力学的交互式可视化
- [阿伦尼乌斯方程 - Arrhenius Equation](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/arrhenius-equation): 温度对反应速率影响的交互式可视化 - 探索活化能、指数因子和速率常数的关系
- [可逆反应 - Reversible Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/reversible-reaction): A ⇌ B 可逆反应动力学的交互式可视化 - 探索正逆反应速率、平衡常数和浓度随时间的变化
- [连续反应 - Consecutive Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/consecutive-reaction): A → B → C 连续反应动力学的交互式可视化 - 探索中间物浓度峰值、决速步和所有物种的完整演化
- [链式反应 - Chain Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/chain-reaction): 自由基链式反应聚合的交互式可视化 - 探索引发、增长、终止步骤，链增长动画和分子量分布
- [勒夏特列原理 - Le Chatelier's Principle](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/le-chateliers-principle): 勒夏特列原理的交互式可视化 - 探索浓度、压强和温度变化如何影响化学平衡，配合分子动力学动画展示平衡移动过程