# 变压器原理 - Transformer Principle

变压器原理交互式可视化 - 电磁感应、电压变换和功率传输

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/transformer-principle

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive visualization of transformer principle demonstrating electromagnetic induction and voltage transformation. Features the fundamental transformer equations: V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂ (voltage ratio equals turns ratio), I₁/I₂ = N₂/N₁ (current inverse ratio), ideal power conservation P_in = P_out, efficiency η = P_out/P_in × 100%, and losses including copper loss P_cu = I₁²R₁ + I₂²R₂ and iron loss P_fe = P_hysteresis + P_eddy. Real-time visualization includes: (1) Transformer model animation showing rectangular magnetic core with primary coil (red, left side) and secondary coil (green, right side) with actual winding visualizations scaled to turn counts (10-500 turns each), animated magnetic flux lines circulating in the core showing Φ(t) = Φ_max × sin(ωt), current flow indicators with intensity proportional to actual current values; (2) Magnetic flux display with phase angle indicator and flux density calculation showing real-time flux changes; (3) Voltage waveforms displaying primary V₁(t) and secondary V₂(t) sine waves with proper amplitude ratios and phase relationships; (4) Power analysis bar charts comparing input power, output power, and total losses with real-time efficiency calculation; (5) Losses breakdown showing copper loss (primary and secondary I²R heating) and iron loss (hysteresis + eddy current) with visual heating indicators on coils and core. Interactive parameters: primary turns N₁ (10-500), secondary turns N₂ (10-500), input voltage V₁ (0-240 V RMS), frequency (50/60 Hz), load resistance R_L (1-1000 Ω), winding resistances R₁ and R₂ (0.1-5.0 Ω), core material selection (Silicon Steel μ_r=5000, Nickel-Iron μ_r=20000, Ferrite μ_r=2000, Amorphous Metal μ_r=10000) affecting permeability and losses. Display options: show/hide magnetic flux lines, coil current flow, electron flow, losses visualization. Presets include: Step-Up Transformer (N₂ > N₁), Step-Down Transformer (N₂ < N₁), Isolation Transformer (N₁ = N₂), Distribution Transformer (high ratio, practical values). Educational content covers transformer working principle (electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, turns ratio determination, power conservation), types of losses (copper/I²R loss varying with load, iron/core loss nearly constant, stray loss from leakage flux, dielectric loss), applications (power transmission step-up/step-down, voltage conversion for compatibility, impedance matching in audio/RF circuits, isolation for safety, measurement transformers, electronic power supplies), and efficiency analysis (typical 95-99%, losses minimized by low-resistance windings, laminated cores, high-grade materials, optimal cooling). Multi-language support (zh, en, de, fr, es, pt, ru).

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