# 薄膜干涉 - Thin Film Interference

展示薄膜中光干涉现象的交互式模拟，包含实时条纹图案可视化

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/thin-film-interference

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive thin film interference simulation demonstrating optical wave interference, phase shifts, and colorful fringe patterns. Features optical path difference formula: Δ = 2nd·cos(θ') + λ/2, where the λ/2 term represents the half-wave phase shift upon reflection from a denser medium (air-film interface). Constructive interference (bright fringes) occurs when Δ = mλ, destructive interference (dark fringes) when Δ = (m+½)λ. Snell's law: sin(θ) = n·sin(θ') calculates the refracted angle inside the film. Real-time visualization includes: (1) Optical path diagram showing incident ray, reflection from top surface, refraction into film, reflection from bottom surface, and exiting ray with proper angles; (2) Interference pattern canvas displaying thickness-dependent fringe intensity variations; (3) White light interference pattern showing colorful Newton's rings-style visualization with wavelength-dependent colors. Adjustable parameters: film thickness d (50-2000 nm), refractive index n (1.0-2.5), incident angle θ (0-89°), wavelength λ (380-750 nm with color presets for blue 450nm, green 520nm, red 650nm), light source type (monochrome, white light, laser), viewing angle, and display options (rays, normal line, labels). Material presets: soap bubble (n=1.33), oil film (n=1.45), glass plate (n=1.52), water film (n=1.33). Educational content covers interference mechanism, path difference derivation, white light dispersion explanation, and practical applications: anti-reflective coatings on lenses, dichroic filters, soap bubble colors, oil slick patterns, thickness measurement via ellipsometry, and structural color in nature (butterfly wings, peacock feathers, beetle shells). Multi-language support (zh, en, es, fr, de, ru, pt).

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