# 表面活性剂 - CMC与胶束形成

表面活性剂行为交互式可视化 - CMC、HLB值、吉布斯吸附、胶束形成和应用

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/surfactants

- **分类:** Chemistry

## 概述

Interactive visualization of surfactants - Explore critical micelle concentration (CMC), HLB value (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), Gibbs adsorption isotherm Γ = -(1/RT)(dγ/d ln c), micelle formation and aggregation number (n = 50-100), surface tension vs concentration curves with CMC break point, micelle shapes (spherical, cylindrical, lamellar, vesicles), oil-water-surfactant phase diagrams, emulsion types (O/W, W/O, multiple emulsions), and solubilization capacity with adjustable surfactant type (SDS, CTAB, Tween 80, Span 80, Brij 35, custom), chain length (C8-C18), head group type (sulfate, ammonium, polyether, sugar), temperature (273-353 K), salt concentration, pH level, oil phase type, and surfactant concentration. Features molecular structure visualization showing hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail, interface adsorption with surface tension reduction, dynamic γ-c (surface tension vs concentration) curve showing CMC transition, micelle formation animation below and above CMC, real-time CMC calculation (log CMC ∝ -chain length, salt effects for ionic surfactants), HLB value calculation (HLB = 20 × M_h/(M_h + M_l)), aggregation number and micelle radius computation, Gibbs adsorption isotherm with surface excess Γ, emulsion type determination based on HLB (HLB < 6: W/O, HLB 8-18: O/W), and ternary phase diagram. Adjustable parameters: surfactant type, chain length C (8-18), head group, temperature T (273-353 K), salt concentration NaCl (0-500 mM), pH (2-12), oil phase (none, hexane, octane, dodecane, olive oil), and surfactant concentration (0.1-50 mM). Real-time value displays: CMC (mM), HLB value, aggregation number n, micelle radius R (nm), surface pressure Π (mN/m), adsorption amount Γ (μmol/m²), current concentration, and surface tension γ (mN/m). Preset surfactants: SDS (anionic, CMC 8.2 mM), CTAB (cationic, CMC 1.0 mM), Tween 80 (nonionic, CMC 0.012 mM), Span 80 (lipophilic, CMC 0.002 mM), soap (sodium oleate), and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid). Educational content covers surfactant fundamentals (amphiphilic molecules, surface-active agents), CMC concept and factors affecting CMC (chain length, head group, salt, temperature), HLB system and emulsion type prediction, Gibbs adsorption equation and interfacial behavior, micelle formation and packing parameter p = v/(a₀l_c), micelle shapes and phase transitions, emulsion types and stability mechanisms, solubilization principles and applications, and practical uses in detergents, pharmaceuticals, food industry, cosmetics, oil recovery, and biotechnology. Perfect for surface chemistry education, understanding micelle formation, and learning about surfactant applications in various industries.

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