# 斯特恩-盖拉赫实验 - Stern-Gerlach Experiment

量子自旋和空间量子化的交互式可视化

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/stern-gerlach-experiment

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive visualization of the Stern-Gerlach experiment demonstrating quantum spin and spatial quantization. Features the fundamental equations: magnetic moment μ = g·μ_B·m_s where g ≈ 2 for electrons, μ_B = 9.274×10⁻²⁴ J/T (Bohr magneton), and m_s = ±½ (spin quantum number); deflection force F = μ·(dB/dz) = μ_B·(dB/dz)·m_s; beam deflection z = (μ_B·L·ℓ)/(m·v²)·(dB/dz)·m_s; beam separation Δz = 2·(μ_B·L·ℓ)/(m·v²)·(dB/dz). Real-time visualization includes: (1) Experimental setup animation showing high-temperature oven (500-1500 K) vaporizing silver atoms, collimator creating narrow beam, inhomogeneous magnet with sharp pole piece creating field gradient, animated silver atoms with spin indicators (↑ red for spin up, ↓ blue for spin down) splitting into two discrete paths, detection screen showing two silver deposition spots; (2) Inhomogeneous magnetic field visualization showing field lines with gradient spacing dB/dz (0.1-3.0 T/cm), gradient indicator curve, field strength display; (3) Detection screen simulation showing quantum result (two discrete spots for m_s = +½ and m_s = -½) with spot size varying by temperature, classical comparison option showing continuous band; (4) Classical vs Quantum theory comparison panel showing classical prediction (continuous distribution of all possible orientations) vs quantum reality (two discrete outcomes). Interactive parameters: magnetic field gradient (0.1-3.0 T/cm), magnet length (1.0-10.0 cm), magnet gap (0.5-3.0 mm), oven temperature (500-1500 K), beam velocity (200-1000 m/s), collimator width (0.01-0.2 mm). Display options: show/hide magnetic field lines, silver atoms, beam trajectories, magnet structure, classical comparison overlay. Presets include: Original 1922 Experiment (historical parameters), Strong Field (enhanced separation), Thermal Beam (high velocity), Classical vs Quantum (comparison mode). Educational content covers experimental setup details (silver-47 atom with single unpaired electron, magnet design with sharp edge for field gradient, detection method using silver deposition on glass), key results (classical expectation of continuous band vs quantum observation of two discrete beams, spatial quantization proof, 50-50 split showing random initial spin orientations), discovery of electron spin (Uhlenbeck & Goudsmit 1925, s = ½, explains why 47Ag behaves as spin-½ particle), historical significance (first direct evidence of space quantization, validation of quantum mechanics, Otto Stern 1943 Nobel Prize), and modern applications (spin-polarized atomic beams, magnetic resonance NMR/MRI, atomic clocks, quantum computing qubits, particle physics measurements, spintronics). Multi-language support (zh, en, de, fr, es, pt, ru).

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