# 声强衰减 - Sound Attenuation

展示声强随距离和介质衰减的交互式模拟

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/sound-attenuation

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive sound attenuation simulation demonstrating how sound intensity decreases with distance through two primary mechanisms: geometric spreading (inverse square law) and medium absorption. Features attenuation formulas: I = I₀/r² (geometric spreading in free field, where sound energy distributes over spherical surface area 4πr²), I = I₀·e^(-αx) (medium absorption, exponential decay with absorption coefficient α), I = I₀·e^(-αx)/r² (combined effect), and SPL = 10·log₁₀(I/I₀) (decibel conversion, logarithmic scale matching human hearing). Real-time visualization includes: animated circular wavefronts radiating from point source with color gradient indicating intensity (red=high, orange=medium, yellow=low, green=very low), interactive probe cursor for measuring intensity at any distance, dynamic decibel meter (0-120 dB range) with color-coded bar, real-time intensity display showing source intensity I₀, current distance, current intensity, and attenuation in dB, and comparison table listing intensity and sound level at distances 1-5m. Two operational modes: (1) Geometric Spreading mode demonstrating inverse square law with 6 dB drop per distance doubling, and (2) Medium Absorption mode showing exponential decay with adjustable absorption coefficient α (0.01-1.0 m⁻¹). Absorption presets for different media: Air (α=0.01), Water (α=0.05), Dense Medium (α=0.3). Adjustable parameters: source intensity I₀ (0.1-10.0 W/m²), absorption coefficient α (0.01-1.0 m⁻¹), max distance (3-10 m), and animation speed. Distance markers at 1m intervals with color-coded wavefronts. Educational content covering mathematical foundation with all four formulas, inverse square law explanation, absorption mechanisms in different media (air frequency-dependent absorption, water high-density absorption), real-world applications (concert hall design for even sound distribution, noise barrier engineering using attenuation calculations, audio engineering microphone placement, underwater acoustics sonar limitations, building acoustics reverberation and isolation), and human hearing perception (0 dB threshold at 1 kHz, 60 dB normal conversation, 120-140 dB pain threshold, logarithmic loudness perception where 10 dB increase sounds twice as loud, frequency-dependent sensitivity peaking at 3-4 kHz). Interactive canvas allows mouse movement to probe intensity at any point. Responsive design for all screen sizes. Multi-language support (zh, en, fr, de, es, pt, ru).

## 相关内容

- [零级反应 - Zero-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/zero-order-reaction): 零级反应动力学和浓度随时间变化的交互式可视化
- [一级反应 - First-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/first-order-reaction): 一级反应动力学和指数浓度衰减的交互式可视化
- [二级反应 - Second-Order Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/second-order-reaction): 二级反应动力学和双分子碰撞动力学的交互式可视化
- [阿伦尼乌斯方程 - Arrhenius Equation](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/arrhenius-equation): 温度对反应速率影响的交互式可视化 - 探索活化能、指数因子和速率常数的关系
- [可逆反应 - Reversible Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/reversible-reaction): A ⇌ B 可逆反应动力学的交互式可视化 - 探索正逆反应速率、平衡常数和浓度随时间的变化
- [连续反应 - Consecutive Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/consecutive-reaction): A → B → C 连续反应动力学的交互式可视化 - 探索中间物浓度峰值、决速步和所有物种的完整演化
- [链式反应 - Chain Reaction](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/chain-reaction): 自由基链式反应聚合的交互式可视化 - 探索引发、增长、终止步骤，链增长动画和分子量分布
- [勒夏特列原理 - Le Chatelier's Principle](https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/le-chateliers-principle): 勒夏特列原理的交互式可视化 - 探索浓度、压强和温度变化如何影响化学平衡，配合分子动力学动画展示平衡移动过程