# 声呐原理可视化 - Sonar Principle

声呐原理交互式模拟，展示声波传播、反射和距离计算

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/sonar-principle

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive sonar principle simulation demonstrating underwater sound navigation and ranging. Features sonar equations: t = 2d/v (round trip time), d = v·t/2 (distance calculation), λ = v/f (wavelength), T = 1/f (period). Active sonar operation showing sound pulse (ping) transmission through water at ~1500 m/s, wave reflection from targets, echo detection and distance calculation. Real-time visualization with two main displays: Sonar Display (top-down underwater view) showing boat with transducer, circular wavefronts expanding outward, target detection with echo indication, and range rings (100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m); Signal Strength Display showing signal attenuation curve over distance based on inverse square law and absorption loss, with echo pulse markers when targets are detected. Target system with configurable parameters: 1-5 simultaneous targets, adjustable distance (50-2000m), target size (10-200m), random positioning with angular distribution. Sound parameters: sound speed v (1000-2000 m/s, simulating temperature/salinity effects), frequency f (10-200 kHz, affecting resolution vs range trade-off), transmit power (10-100%). Wavefront animation showing circular acoustic pulses expanding at realistic speed scaled to sound velocity, with alpha fading as energy dissipates. Echo detection system triggers when wavefront intersects target, displaying distance label and detection indicator. Real-time statistics: detected target count, closest distance with decimal precision, round-trip time calculation. Four preset scenarios: Shallow Water (high frequency 200kHz, 100m range, small target), Deep Water (low frequency 20kHz, 1500m range, large target), Multiple Targets (4 targets at 500m), Submarine Detection (1530 m/s sound speed, 800m range, 80m target). Display options: show/hide wavefronts, echo pulses, targets; animation speed control (0.1x-3.0x). Playback controls: Start (continuous animation), Pause, Reset, Send Ping (manual pulse transmission). Educational content covering sonar principles, active vs passive sonar, echo location physics, applications (navigation, bathymetry, fish finding, submarine detection, underwater archaeology, oceanographic research), and factors affecting performance (temperature, salinity, depth, frequency choice, target characteristics, background noise, refraction shadow zones). Multi-language support (zh, en, de, fr, es, ru, pt).

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