# 单缝衍射 - Single Slit Diffraction

展示单缝衍射现象的交互式模拟，包含实时光强分布可视化

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/single-slit-diffraction

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive single slit diffraction simulation demonstrating wave spreading, interference patterns, and intensity distribution. Features intensity formula: I(θ) = I₀·[sin(β)/β]² where β = (πa·sinθ)/λ. Minima occur at a·sinθ = mλ (m = ±1, ±2, ...) creating dark fringes, while the central bright fringe has width Δx = 2λL/a. Real-time visualization includes: (1) Optical path diagram showing incident plane waves, narrow slit of width a, diffracted wavefronts spreading at various angles, and screen with intensity pattern; (2) Intensity distribution graph plotting sinc² function with marked minima positions (m = ±1, ±2, ±3) and maxima; (3) Simulated diffraction pattern showing realistic bright and dark fringes on screen. Adjustable parameters: slit width a (1-50 μm), screen distance L (0.1-5.0 m), wavelength λ (380-750 nm with color presets for blue 450nm, green 520nm, red 650nm), intensity scale, and display options (rays, minima markers, maxima markers). Presets for narrow slit (wide pattern), wide slit (narrow pattern), red light (long λ, wide pattern), blue light (short λ, narrow pattern). Educational content covers Huygens' principle and wavelet interference, intensity distribution derivation, sinc² function properties, relationship between slit width and pattern width (inverse proportionality), wavelength dependence on diffraction angle, and practical applications: measuring small objects (hair, wire) by analyzing diffraction pattern, determining unknown wavelengths, X-ray crystallography fundamentals, optical resolution limits (diffraction limit ≈ 1.22λ/D for circular apertures), and understanding wave-particle duality. Multi-language support (zh, en, es, fr, de, ru, pt).

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