# 光纤原理 - Optical Fiber Principle

光纤原理交互式可视化，包括数值孔径、全反射、信号传输和衰减

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/optical-fiber

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive visualization of optical fiber principles - explore numerical aperture NA = √(n₁² - n₂²), acceptance angle θₐ = arcsin(NA), critical angle θ꜀ = arcsin(n₂/n₁), total internal reflection, signal attenuation P(z) = P₀ × e^(-αz), and single-mode vs multimode operation. Features five interactive canvas visualizations: fiber cross-section showing core/cladding structure with animated light rays, light propagation path with zigzag total internal reflection pattern and animated pulses, signal attenuation curve displaying exponential power decay over distance (0-100 km), digital signal transmission with moving marker and simulated noise, and real-time mode analysis panel. Comprehensive parameter controls: core refractive index n₁ (1.3-2.5, default 1.48), cladding index n₂ (1.3-2.5, default 1.46), core diameter (5-200 µm, default 50 µm), wavelength (400-1600 nm, default 1550 nm), input angle (0-30°), fiber length (1-100 km), and display toggles for normal lines, angle markers, multiple rays (multimode visualization), and attenuation effect. Four preset fiber types: Single-Mode ITU-T G.652 (n₁=1.468, n₂=1.463, Ø=9µm, λ=1310nm), Multimode OM3 50/125 (n₁=1.480, n₂=1.460, Ø=50µm, λ=850nm), Multimode OM1 62.5/125 (n₁=1.485, n₂=1.465, Ø=62.5µm, λ=850nm), and Plastic Optical Fiber POF (n₁=1.49, n₂=1.42, Ø=980µm, λ=650nm). Real-time statistics: numerical aperture (0-1.0), acceptance angle in degrees, critical angle at core-cladding interface, fiber mode type (Single-Mode/Multimode), normalized frequency V-number, estimated number of modes (~V²/2 for multimode), and cutoff wavelength λ꜀ = 2πa·NA/2.405. Physics formulas: numerical aperture calculation, acceptance angle from NA, critical angle for TIR, V-number for mode determination, exponential attenuation law with realistic coefficients (0.2 dB/km at 1550nm, 0.35 dB/km at 1310nm, 2.0 dB/km at 850nm). Educational content covering fiber structure (core + cladding), light guiding via total internal reflection, numerical aperture and light gathering ability, single-mode vs multimode operation based on V-number, signal attenuation mechanisms (absorption, scattering, bending), mode dispersion effects, wavelength-dependent attenuation, and practical applications (telecommunications, submarine cables, internet backbone, medical endoscopy, sensors). Demonstrates ray optics model, mode field diameter concepts, acceptance cone visualization, and realistic attenuation coefficients for different wavelength windows. Multi-language support (zh, en, de, fr, es, pt, ru, ja).

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