# 理想气体模拟 - Ideal Gas Simulation

展示理想气体行为、麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布和热力学的交互式模拟

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/ideal-gas

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive simulation of ideal gas demonstrating Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, pressure, and temperature. Features the fundamental equations: Ideal Gas Law pV = Nk_BT, RMS Speed v_rms = √(3k_BT/m), and Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution f(v) = 4π(m/2πk_BT)^(3/2)·v²·e^(-mv²/2k_BT). Real-time visualization includes: (1) Main canvas showing 2D container with N particles undergoing elastic collisions, color-coded by speed (blue=slow, red=fast), optional velocity vectors, and wall collision detection for pressure calculation; (2) Speed distribution panel displaying real-time histogram comparing actual particle speeds with theoretical Maxwell-Boltzmann curve; (3) Real-time statistics: temperature T, pressure P (calculated from wall collisions), volume V, and average particle speed. Adjustable parameters: particle count N (10-500), temperature T (100-1000 K), volume V (0.5-3.0 L), particle mass m (2-200 amu), and animation speed. Gas presets: Helium (4 amu), Neon (20 amu), Nitrogen (28 amu), Oxygen (32 amu), CO₂ (44 amu), Xenon (131 amu). Display options: show/hide velocity vectors, color by speed, highlight collisions, and grid. Educational content covers ideal gas assumptions (point particles, no intermolecular forces, elastic collisions), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution derivation, pressure from molecular collisions, RMS speed dependence on mass and temperature, and applications in atmospheric physics, engineering, chemistry, and astrophysics. The simulation demonstrates how temperature increase shifts speed distribution rightward and increases pressure, how lighter particles move faster at same temperature, and validates the theoretical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution against experimental particle data. Multi-language support (zh, en, fr, de, es, ru, pt).

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