# 点电荷电场线 - Electric Field Lines

展示点电荷电场线、等势线和场强的交互式模拟

> 标准页面: https://elysiatools.com/zh/visualizations/electric-field-lines

- **分类:** Physics

## 概述

Interactive electric field lines visualization demonstrating Coulomb's law, superposition principle, and equipotential surfaces. Features electric field formula: E = kQ/r² · r̂. Superposition principle: E_total = ΣE_i. Electric potential: φ = kQ/r. Field line equation: dr/E = dx/E_x = dy/E_y. Real-time visualization includes: (1) Electric field lines (red) emanating from positive charges and terminating on negative charges with adjustable density; (2) Equipotential lines (dashed) showing constant potential surfaces perpendicular to field lines; (3) Optional field vectors showing direction and magnitude with arrow spacing control; (4) Interactive charges with click-to-add, drag-to-move, and double-click-to-remove functionality. Adjustable parameters: charge magnitude (-10 to +10 μC), line density (8-32 lines per charge), field intensity scale (0.5-2.0x), equipotential levels (4-16), and arrow spacing (20-80 px). Preset configurations: electric dipole (±5 μC separated), quadrupole (four charges in square arrangement), two positive charges, two negative charges, and clear all. Educational content covers Coulomb's law and electric field calculation, properties of electric field lines (never cross, tangent shows field direction, density ∝ field strength, start on positive and end on negative, number of lines ∝ charge magnitude), equipotential lines (constant potential, perpendicular to field lines, concentric circles for point charge), electric dipole characteristics (p = Qd), and practical applications: capacitor design, molecular structure and chemical bonding, particle accelerators, electrostatic precipitation, medical imaging (EEG/EKG), lightning protection, and plasma physics research. Color coding: red for positive charges, blue for negative charges, with glow effects and animated field direction arrows. Multi-language support (zh, en, es, fr, de, ru, pt).

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