# Mendelian Punnett Square Calculator

Build a Punnett square for a Mendelian cross and auto-calculate genotype and phenotype ratios. Supports complete dominance, incomplete dominance (blending), codominance, and X-linked (sex-linked) inheritance — with each offspring cell's sex marked for X-linked crosses.

> Canonical page: https://elysiatools.com/en/tools/mendelian-punnett-square

- **Category:** Science & Education

- **Keywords:** punnett square, mendel, genetics, heredity, genotype, phenotype, alleles, dominant, recessive, incomplete dominance, codominance, x-linked, sex-linked, monohybrid, dihybrid, biology

## Overview

A genetics teaching tool for Mendelian crosses:

1. **Define the trait** — name + alleles (dominant first).
2. **Choose the mode** — complete / incomplete / codominance / X-linked.
3. **Enter the two parents' genotypes**.
4. **Get** — a full Punnett grid plus genotype & phenotype ratios. X-linked cells are marked with sex.

Great for biology homework and genetics review.

## Inputs

- **Trait name** (text): Flower color
- **Alleles (dominant first, e.g. A,a or A,B for codominance)** (text): Comma-separated alleles. First is treated as dominant in complete-dominance mode.
- **Inheritance mode** (select)
- **Parent 1 genotype** (text): Autosomal: two alleles (Aa). X-linked: XAXa (female) or XAY (male).
- **Parent 2 genotype** (text): Autosomal: two alleles (Aa). X-linked: XAXa (female) or XAY (male).
- **Display options** (select)

## When to use

- When teaching or studying Mendelian genetics to visualize allele combinations and offspring probabilities.
- When solving genetics homework problems involving complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, or sex-linked traits.
- When calculating precise genotype and phenotype ratios for monohybrid crosses without manual grid drawing.

## How it works

- Enter the trait name and define the alleles, listing the dominant allele first (e.g., A,a).
- Select the inheritance mode: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, or X-linked inheritance.
- Input the genotypes for both parents, using standard notation like Aa for autosomal or XAXa and XAY for X-linked traits.
- Generate the Punnett square grid alongside calculated genotype and phenotype percentage ratios.

## Use cases

- Biology teachers generating visual aids and answer keys for genetics worksheets.
- Students verifying their homework solutions for monohybrid and sex-linked crosses.
- Genetics hobbyists predicting offspring traits for plants or animals with known genotypes.

## Frequently asked questions

### What inheritance modes does this calculator support?

It supports complete dominance, incomplete dominance (blending), codominance (both alleles expressed), and X-linked (sex-linked) inheritance.

### How do I input genotypes for X-linked crosses?

Use X and Y notation with superscript alleles, such as XAXa for a carrier female and XAY for a male.

### Does the calculator show the sex of the offspring?

Yes, for X-linked crosses, the calculator automatically marks the sex (male or female) of each offspring cell in the grid.

### How should I format the alleles input?

Enter them as comma-separated values, listing the dominant allele first (for example, A,a or A,B).

### Can I display only the Punnett square grid without the ratios?

Yes, you can change the display options setting from 'Full' to 'Grid only' to hide the ratio tables.

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